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Interracial relationships are a serious taboo and even illegal in many states. Certain marriage laws prevent the government licensing of certificates to interracial couples.

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Since Plessy V. Ferguson there has been widespread segregation and discrimination in public facilities like transportation, restaurants, and bathrooms. The segregated places are clearly not equal even though they are separate.

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Throughout the country African Americans are being discriminated in employment opportunities and even housing just because of their skin color. There are no laws preventing such practices.

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Plessy V. Ferguson has nationally allowed states to segregate school systems to keep races to their own schools. However, the schools are clearly not equal, which prevents Black communities from having equal opportunities.

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Although the 15th Amendment regulates that all states must allow citizens of all races to vote, different states have created laws that have directly kept African Americans from voting including poll taxes and literacy tests.

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Affirmative Action is a program of affirmative action that is carried out with conviction and effort in order to overcome the current effects of past practices, policies, or barriers to equal employment opportunities, and to ensure that women, minorities, and people with disabilities have a fair and equal opportunity to participate. -AR

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This executive order was to desegregate the troops in the U.S military. -NL

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Prohibits discrimination in housing based upon religion, race, and age. -NL

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Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States, decided on December 14, 1964, is a significant Supreme Court case addressing Civil Rights under the Commerce Clause. Under the Commerce Clause the government can prevent private firms from discriminating on the basis of race. -AR

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Bailey V Patterson was a supreme court case in 1962. It argued against the segregation laws on public transportation and busing, limiting the Jim Crow laws for African Americans. - AH

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The Civil Rights Act of 1964 bans discrimination on the race, color, religion, sex or nation region. The act bans discrimination on public accommodations and federal funded programs. It also strengthened the enforcement of voting rights and the desegregation of schools. -CK

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The 24th amendment that was signed on January 23, 1964. It demolished the poll tax, which forced people to pay in order to vote. The poll tax targeted poor people, which were often minorities or African Americans. - AH

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Racial segregation in public schools violated the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. This court case was to desegregate schools.-NL

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Signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson. It made it illegal to but barriers that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. -AH

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The Loving V. Virginia was a case that was about the struck down state anti-miscegenation statues in Virginia as unconstitutional under equal protection and due process clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment. The U.S. Supreme court won the case. This case happened on June 12, 1967. The Supreme court said "These are slavery laws, pure and simple", that was the main reason the supreme court won the case.  -CK

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The freedom riders focused on segregation in bus terminals. They rode through the south, rebelling against the segregated areas of the bus terminals by using the white bathrooms and lunch counters, as well as sitting in the wrong bus seats. The bus riders tested the 1946 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Morgan v. Virginia that found segregated bus seating was unconstitutional. -AH

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This riot was triggered by the murder of a Malay trishaw rider along Geylang Serai and this incident sparked attempts of stabbings and heightened violence. 13 people were killed, 106 sustained injuries while 1,439 were arrested. This is an example of the type of protests tha Malcom X wanted and pushed for. -NL

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In 1963 in Birmingham Alabama Martin Luther King Jr. led a march through the town. The march was quickly shut down and everyone involved was arrested including MLK. -NL

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The sit in movement was a non violent protest that began in Greensboro, North Carolina. African Americans would go to lunch counters and sit in all available spaces regardless of the black or white sections. They would request service, and then refuse to leave when denied service because of their race. Its use of nonviolence inspired the Freedom Riders and others to take up the cause of integration in the South. -AH

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The Selma March consisted of 3 marches that went through Selma and Montgomery in Alabama. These marches were organised by to protest the blocking of Black Americans right to vote by the systemic racist structure of the Jim Crow South.  -CK

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James Farmer was a Civil Rights activist who as a leader of the Congress of Equality, which helped shape the civil rights movement through his nonviolent activism and organisation. -CK

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The Montgomery bus boycott was a 13-month mass protest that began with Rosa Parks' arrest on December 1, 1955, and concluded with the United States Supreme Court decision that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional. -AR

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President Kennedy defined civil rights as not just a constitutional issue, but also a “moral issue.” He also proposed the Civil Rights Act of 1963, which would provide protection of every American’s right to vote under the United States Constitution, end segregation in public facilities, and require public schools to be integrated. -CK

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In August of 1963, about 250,000 people gathered by the Lincoln memorial in Washington DC. They all came together to listen to Martian Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream Speech". This speech went down in history and was a huge step towards racial equality. -AH

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Thurgood Marshall was a civil rights lawyer who used the courts to fight Jim Crow and helped segregation in the U.S. Marshall was the nation's first Black United States Supreme Court Justice. He helped the Supreme Court declare "separate but equal" was unconstitutional in public schools. -AH

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President Johnson is most famous for his signing of the civil rights act. He passed it through the house on February 10, 1964, and the act made it through the senate on June 19. The civil rights act outlaws discrimination based on color, race, gender, ect. It was a good start to making everyone equal. -AH

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He signed the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and sent Army troops to enforce federal court orders which integrated schools in Little Rock, Arkansas. His largest program was the Interstate Highway System. He promoted the establishment of strong science education via the National Defense Education Act. -NL

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Malcolm X was an African American leader in the civil rights movement, minister, and supporter of Black nationalism. He urged his fellow Black Americans to protect themselves against white aggression “by any means necessary." His ideas would often clash head to head with MLk Jr, because MLK liked a more peaceful approach. -NL

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When she refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery, Alabama bus to a white man in 1955, she helped kick start the civil rights movement in the United States. Her actions sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which was organized by local Black community leaders. -AR

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MLK Jr organized a number of marches and protests. He was a key figure in the sanitation workers' strike in Memphis, the Montgomery bus boycott, and the 1963 March on Washington. The passing of key laws such as the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act was helped by this. -AR