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Anger of Parties Promised Land in exchange for fighting in WWI

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Anger of Parties Promised Land in exchange for fighting in WWI

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Effect of Global Depression on Brazil?
Foreign investments in the country fell to zero, coffee exports fell by 50%, Sugar production became very cheap and many mills in Brazil stopped production.

How do the steps that Vargas takes compare to those of other totalitarian rulers at the time?
The Vargas purchased and burned the coffee from farmers to avoid complete bankruptcy. They also ordered the dumping of thousands of coffee sacks into the ocean and coffee plantations were set on fire to reduce production.

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Nationalists?
General Francisco Franco and insurgents who opposed the new Spanish Republic, had help from Salazar of Portugal, Germany, and Italy.

Republicans/Loyalists?
Opposed nationalists and defended the newly elected Spanish Republic. Had aid from volunteers from Soviet Union, Britain, United States, and France.

Some Historians argue that the Spanish Civil War is the actual beginning of WWII, to what extent do you agree or disagree and why?
I don't believe the Spanish Civil War is the begging WW2 but I do believe it helped lead up to the war because the Spanish Civil War let the German forces gain experience in combat and test their army.

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Plans?
Totalitarianism is the goal of a centralized government that takes TOTAL control over every aspect of social and economic structure in a country.  Stalin used this to create a plan which everyone is forced to follow and will give direction for the stake of a country.

Targeting?
Totalitarianism targets the people of the country and take away all of their property which lead to the decline in middle class and rich peasants who were controlling agriculture and industry.

Effects?
Enraged farmers and business middleclass but the USSR continued to rapidly rise in military and industrialization under the control of one dictator. As time went on and the situation got worst, Stalin's rule became more and more like a communistic situation

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Stalin's 5 Year Plans & Collectivization

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Stalin's 5 Year Plans & Collectivization

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What were they?
After Lenin's death, Stalin ruled in a communistic fashion which broke Lenin NEP (Lenin NEP was a capitalism and a free market which Stalin broke out of ) Stalin's 5 year plans was a time period from 1928-1932 which was a focus on industry in the Soviet Union

What were the goals?
The goals of Stalin's 5 year plans was to focus on a heavy industry to defend itselves from western powers due to the fact that the Allied powers refused to recognize the independence of the Bolshevik government.

What were the outcomes?
Capital goods, consumer goods, and industrial output increased substantially, but many farmers lost their land due to the measures of the 5 year plan goals, this lead to the extreme poverty of many people under the rule of Stalin. This runs through the same roads as collectivization where the Soviet Union wanted to take away economic power from the Kulaks (Rich middle class)

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Rising Nationalism and Anti-Colonial Movements 

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Rising Nationalism and Anti-Colonial Movements 

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Colonies of allied powers felt betrayed that their sacrifices during the war were not acknowledged, and angered that they were not afforded the opportunity for self-determination that some European peoples were given

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Grievances?

Japanese were supported for a takeover of large parts of chinese land

Chinese wanted democracy and became more nationalist

Plans?

Focused on full independence and industrialization for China

Distrust of Communism and wanted to eliminate CCP influence

Targeting?

CCP Leaders and specifically the army of Mao Zedong -> Eventually almost wipe out Mao’s forces

Effects?

Chiang Kai-shek alienates many due to reducing support for older traditions

Eventually stop fighting to prevent against destruction by the Japanese

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Grievances? (Similar to the Chinese Nationalist Party)

European supported Japanese takeover of large chinese lands

Western Democracy writes them off as second class under Social Darwinist notions that separated imperialists from non-imperialists (Turns to Marxism)

Plans?

Peasant revolt (Majority of the Chinese pop. was the peasantry)

Targeting?

The working classes

Effects?

The weakening of the Kuomintang until the eventual takeover of the CCP till the modern era

Mass Starvation during the rule of Mao Zedong

Suspension of rivalries for a time to combat the looming threat of Japan

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What is it?
-Territories seized by Japan which consisted of the Philippines, Dutch East Indies, British Malaya, Burma, and Pacific Islands

What are the goals?
-To expand the Japanese empire
-Represented the desire to create a self-sufficient block of Asian nations controlled by Japanese and Western powers

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1. Effect of Global Depression on Japan?

Similar to other nations in unemployment, and general econ. Downturn

Led to the devaluation of currency and exit from the depression based upon an upturn in military spending

2. New Territories Seized?

Manchuria which became Manchukou

Occupation of Korea

3. Why did they leave the League of Nations?

League condemns Japan which leads Japan to leave League and continue expansion

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Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia

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Areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America that were economically dependent on Imperial powers experience severe economic consequences

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What is it?
-A series of programs instituted to the Great Depression by Franklin D. Roosevelt, aimed at promoting economic recovery and re-employing Americans

Relief?
-"Immediate action taken to halt the economies deterioration"
-Bank Holiday, Emergency Banking Act, FERA, Civil Works Administration

Recovery?
-"Pump - Priming, temporary programs to restart the flow of consumer demand."
-Agricultural Adjustment Act, NIRA, Works Progress Administration

Reform?
-"Permanent programs to avoid another depression and insure citizens against economic disasters."
-SEC, Social Security Administration, Soil Conservation Act, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

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Starting with the US, countries begin passing tariffs intending to protect their domestic economies.
How does this help create a GLOBAL depression?

As countries began passing tariffs intending to protect their domestic economies, exports and prices declined along with large unemployment rates. This helped create a global depression because people couldn't make enough money to support their families and there was a scarcity of resources across the world.

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1. After a brief surge in the 20's people have over-invested in the stock market  --> Crash
2. Agricultural Overproduction --> low prices on goods --> farmers can't pay off debts
3. European debtors aren't paying

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France and Britain are counting on German reparations and Soviet debt repayments in order to pay their own debts, no money in = no money out

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Grievances? Italy came out of the Paris Peace Conference without gaining the land that they were promised when switching allies during World War 1. Also, after World War 1, Italy was a very poor country looking for leadership and national unity.

Plans? The failure to gain from the war caused a ton of bitterness in Italy, which led to a new plan for a new government which was used by the Romans too, which was facism.

Targeting? Facism was beginning to become born and it controls all of the sectors of economy by one single dictator , it is where the government controls all parts of society and the social structure. This lead to Mussolini and his facist party to easily rise which targetted the working middle class and peasents who owned industries and agricultural companies.

Effects? Militaristic propoganda started to affect school children into having nationalist thoughts about the "glory of their country...ect" Mussolini's philosophy was also similar to Social Darwinism with the need to take over inferior countries.

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Grievances?
Many bank failures due to American stock market crash, Suffered the more than any other western nation during the great depression.
Strong hatred against communists and they would be oppressed and killed under Nazi rule.

Plans?
wanted new territory and made many aggressive territorial demands.
Hitler and the Nazi party wanted complete control of Germany eventually they would win and pass the enabling act allowing any laws to be passed by Hitler and his cabinet even ones that violated the constitution.

Targeting?
Jews and Romani people after the Nazis seized power, as well as liberals, socialist's and communists, Christian churches and citizens that opposed Hitler's rule were oppressed and many people were imprisoned. People with mental or physical disabilities were murdered.

Effects?
Genocide and forced labor took place within the Nazi Regime.
All of these killings will eventually be known as the Holocaust where a total of 6 million people would be killed.
Sparked anti-Semitism amongst the German people.

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Germany doesn't have money to pay, so they just print more

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Growing Resentment of the Weimar Republic

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Growing Resentment of the Weimar Republic

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China wants German Colonies in East Asia

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China wants German Colonies in East Asia

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China supported the Allied Powers in the war

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(none of the other Cental Powers exist anymore)

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- France experienced devastation due to being a major front of the war
- Britain wants payback too

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- "Peace without Victory"
- Self-Determination for former Central Powers territories
- 14 Points & League of Nations

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Bolshevik Russia refused to pay their war debts to the Allied Powers  --> Allied Powers refuse to recognize the new Bolshevik government

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Italy switched alliances in 1917 with the promise of new territory if/when the Allied Powers won.