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This is a lobotomy. Lobotomy’s were used to help patients relax that had different mental illnesses.

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This was what a shock treatment looked like. During this procedure they shocked the brain. Nowadays shock treatments are rarely used and if there used people get anastesia.

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In recent times depression is treated with antidepressant medications.

Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)This is generally safer because it has been found to give off the least side effects.

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) These may be helpful if people also have chronic pain

Serotonin modulators. Helps with sleep difficulties.

Mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics. Recommended if the individual is not getting enough relief from antidepressants alone.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Less commonly used as they tend to have more side effects and an overdose can cause death.

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Brain simulation therapies. Brain simulation therapy is where electricity interacts with the brain. Examples include ECT and TMS. ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy) and TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) may be used for severe cases in which the individual doesn’t respond to medicines. TMS is noninvasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain. ECT uses a brief electrical shock on the brain while the patient is under anesthesia which triggers a brief seizure. Help in store chemical balances and ease symptoms.

CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy). Focuses on changing the distorted views you have of yourself or a situation and helps with managing the stressors in life.

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A medical condition that affects an individual’s mood and ability to function.

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Death caused by injuring oneself with the intent to die.

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Symptoms:

sad

anxious

hopeless

difficulty thinking

memory

sleeping

loss of interest in activities

change of appetite.

Diagnosis: have felt symptoms for most days for at least two weeks.

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Symptoms:

talking about it

getting the means to

withdrawing from society

mood swings

feelings trapped or hopeless

increase usage of alcohol or drugs

doing risky/ destructive things

giving away belongings

saying goodbye to people

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Brain Chemistry: chemical imbalances in the brain which include:

dopamine

norepinephrine

serotonin

GABA

acetylcholine etc.

Genetics: If a relative has depression, you are more likely to become depressed as well.
Life Events: an upsetting traumatic event like the death of a loved one or even stress.
Medications: Some medications have the side effect of depression.
Medical conditions: ongoing physical pain and illnesses can cause depression. For example, cancer and diabetes.

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Causes:

stressful/traumatic events

abuse

family history

medical condition linked to depression and suicide

under-lying psychiatric disorder

substance abuse

attempted suicide before etc.

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Although the majority of people who suffer from depression do not die from suicide, having major depression does increase the suicide risk compared to individuals without depression.

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During the Middle Ages, mentally ill patients became outcasts. People viewed those with mental illnesses as witches or proof of demonic possession. As centuries went on, individuals with mental illnesses felt more and more discrimination.

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Middle Ages: The treatments never actually helped them and instead did harm. For example, treatments were very inhumane looking back. Exorcisms, malnutrition, and inappropriate medications were all treatment examples for mentally ill people.

16 Century: Doctor’s split mental health issues into two sides: demonic possession and physical illness. For physical illness, patients were treated with herbal supplements and lifestyle changes. For demonic possession, treatments would begin for lobotomy.

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“Mental illness often has a ‘ripple effect’ on families, creating tension, uncertainty, stress and sometimes significant changes in how people live their lives. Different family members are likely to be affected in different ways.”

https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/mental-illness-family-and-friends

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This bar graph above shows in the year of 2020 a comparison of where depression is prevalent based on looking at race, gender, ages, and ethnicity.

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Until around 1955 there was an increase in depression. In 1955 there was finally a decrease because depression pills were created.

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In the 1950s, the public defined mental illness in a much narrower and more extreme terms than did psychiatry. Also, individuals acted in a fearful and rejected manner towards those with mental illnesses. Several indicators suggest that definitions of mental illness may have broadened and that rejection and negative stereotypes may have decreased since that time.

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Asylums were used to isolate and treat people who had a mental illness. Asylums also hid the people from their families because the families were embarrassed and stressed.

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Source:

Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC): 1988, M. Jellinek & J.M. Murphy, Massachusetts General Hospital and Bright Futures in Practice: Mental Health, 2002.

For more information visit https://www.massgeneral.org/psychiatry/treatments-and-services/pediatric-symptom-checklist/
Please note: Online screening tools are not diagnostic instruments. You are encouraged to share your results with a physician or healthcare provider. Mental Health America Inc., sponsors, partners, and advertisers disclaim any liability, loss, or risk incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, from the use and application of these screens.

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Source: Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC): 1988, M. Jellinek & J.M. Murphy, Massachusetts General Hospital and Bright Futures in Practice: Mental Health, 2002. For more information visit https://www.massgeneral.org/psychiatry/treatments-and-services/pediatric-symptom-checklist/ Please note: Online screening tools are not diagnostic instruments. You are encouraged to share your results with a physician or healthcare provider.

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If depression is left untreated the person experiencing may go through many more struggles. This may include but won’t be limited to an increase risk or a start of unprescribed drugs, alcohol, and a higher risk of suicide.

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“Most Americans harbor positive views about mental health disorders and treatment, according to the results of a survey conducted by The Harris Poll on behalf of the American Psychological Association.”

“A total of 87% of American adults agreed that having a mental health disorder is nothing to be ashamed of, and 86% said they believe that people with mental health disorders can get better, according to the poll.”

https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2019/05/mental-health-survey

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“Despite this welcome news, some stigma still persists. A third of respondents (33%) agreed with the statement, "people with mental health disorders scare me," and 39% said they would view someone differently if they knew that person had a mental health disorder.”

https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2019/05/mental-health-survey

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“I knew I should be grateful to Mrs. Guinea, only I couldn’t feel a thing. If Mrs. Guinea had given me a ticket to Europe, or a round-the-world cruise, it wouldn’t have made one scrap of difference to me, because wherever I sat—I would be sitting under the same glass bell jar, stewing in my own sour air” (Plath 185). Throughout the novel, Mrs Guinea acts as a role model to Esther and is very supportive to her. Before this piece of evidence, Esther decided she would not write again because her depression was so bad for living in the cramped hospital ward in the city. Mrs. Guinea, who is very wealthy, took her to a luxurious mental health hospital and paid for almost expenses.

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“The silence depressed me. It wasn’t the silence of silence. It was my own silence” (Plath 18). She went with Doreen to Lenny’s house. Doreen was Esther’s roommate and Lenny was Doreen’s boyfriend which she met at a bar. Esther was jealous from watching them together and ended up leaving. She ended the night by herself just sitting in her room.

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“I felt very still and very empty, the way the eye of a tornado must feel, moving dully along in the middle of a surrounding hullabaloo” (Plath 3). Before this piece of evidence. Esther was talking about her college experience. She explained that she was envied by many but didn’t feel that way. She always chose to look at the negative aspects that happen throughout her life.

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“I was a terrible dancer. I couldn’t carry a tune” (Plath 76). Contextually, the author was thinking to herself how she hasn’t been truly happy for the longest time. This led to her developing a list of items she couldn’t do or didn’t like.

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“But when it came right down to it, the skin of my waist looked so white and defenseless that I couldn’t do it. It was as if what I wanted to kill wasn’t in that skin or the thin blue pulse that jumped under my thumb, but somewhere else, deeper, more secret, and a whole lot harder to get at” (Plath 147). Esther attempted killing herself because one of her professors insulted a story she had written. When it came to the act, she didn’t feel ready to leave and still had some sort of hopefulness inside of her.

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

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Esther was talking to one of her friends named Cal. Cal was telling her he likes to watch plays with people who have a lot of built up anger. This led to Esther asking about suicide. “If you were going to kill youself, how would you do it?” (Plath 156). Cal told her the best way was with a gun which made Esther depressed because she didn’t know how she would get ahold of one.

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It is estimated that 2/3 of people complete suicide are depressed at the time of their deaths.

The risk of suicide in individuals with major depression is about 20 times that of the general population.

About 7 out of every 100 men and 1 out of every 100 women who have been diagnosed with depression in their lifetime will go on to complete suicide.

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Esther was hanging out with Cal the previous day. The next day she attempted suicide. “I had taken the silk cord in my mother’s yellow bathrobe as soon as she left for work, and, in the amber shade of the bedroom, fashioned it into a knot that slipped up and down on itself. It took me a long time to do this, because I was poor at knots and I had no idea how to make a proper one” (Plath 158).

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Joan was one of Esther friends who was at the luxurious mental health place. One night, Joan never returned so Dr. Quinn asked Esther if she knew where she was. Dr. Quinn came back later with some shocking news.“‘Dead,’ said Doctor Quinn. ‘I’m afraid she’s hanged herself’” (Plath 235). This is very different from Esther’s previous attempts as she was never able to fully succeed. Also, this was the last piece for Esther as after she transformed to a new side of her where she stop living her life based on what other’s expected from her.

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How mental illness affects family and friends

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Shaheed he suffers from major depression and other mental illnesses. In the video they discuss some of the challenges family friends, and love ones face in this situation. They also explain support networks that could be helpful with people who also suffer from a mental illness.

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How mental illness affects family and friends