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Fredrick Griffith was the person who discovered that DNA is the genetic material of the cell. without this discovery, we would have never known about DNA's purpose. Fredrick did a variety of experiments with mice and bacteria. During a process called transformation, Fredrick Griffith noticed that DNA is a cell's genetic material. Fredrick noticed different reactions to being heated up, along with many different reactions that came from mixing the strains together. Fredrick found this out in 1928, through a microscope and a smart experiment. Griffith was trying to find a pneumonia vaccine and found the genetic material of our lives.

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On February 1st, 1944, Oswald Avery discovered that genes are made of DNA. This is significant because people used to believe that genes were made of protein. Oswald watched a 'transforming principle' that he noticed DNA in, meaning that genes are made of DNA. Oswald Avery made this discovery with a microscope in London. one man who worked with Oswald, William Astbury says that it was one of the most remarkable discoveries of their time. While observing a pneumococcus bacteria through a microscope, he saw it transform and noticed that genes were made of DNA. Oswald's discovery is essential in science and biology.

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Erwin Chargaff was the main reason why James Watson and Francis Crick were able to reveal what they did. Erwin found that adenine and thymine in DNA cells are almost the same, same with Cytosine and guanine. Erwin's discovery laid the footwork once again for the scientists after him to polish it up. Chargaff also found that the amount of adenine, thymine,  cytosine, and guanine varies based on the species. Erwin made this discovery in 1950 at Colombia University in New York. Erwin made a great discovery that served as a stepping stone to much more influential discoveries.

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Rosalind Franklin was the first scientist to discover the double helix shape of DNA. This vital discovery also found that DNA is a polymer, a double strand of DNA wrapped around each other. Rosalind Franklin later found RNA and classified it as being a single-stranded helix. Rosalind Franklin made this discovery in King's College, London, in 1952. Franklin worked in the Biophysical laboratory. Rosalind made this discovery through a microscope.

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Alfred and Martha performed a series of experiments that led to evidence to what Oswald Avery already discovered. Alfred and Martha finally provided concrete evidence to a unbelieving world. Martha and Alfred used Bacteriophages to prove that genes are made of DNA. Martha and Alfred found this out in 1952. Alfred and Martha also found that DNA in cells helps make other DNA. Alfred and Martha's discoveries changed the way people saw DNA forever, along with backing up what Oswald Avery found out.

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James and Francis discovered that DNA exists in a 3-dimentional double helix. They created a model of what DNA looks like, although it has been changed by recently by new scientists. They discovered that the structure of DNA is anti-parallel. The two of them also discovered that the DNA strands are held together by hydrogen bonds. James and Francis found this in 1953. The two scientists created a model that is still mostly in use today, as it is very accurate. James and Francis made several huge steps in the visual description, and brought to light the appearance of DNA molecules.