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If a charge is moving in the direction that it would normally move, its electric potential energy is decreasing.  If a charge is moved in a direction opposite to that of it would normally move, its electric potential energy is increasing

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If a charge is moving in the direction that it would normally move, its electric potential energy is decreasing.  If a charge is moved in a direction opposite to that of it would normally move, its electric potential energy is increasing

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Gravitational Field is to mass; Electric Field is to charge.

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Only the Electric Field can be identified when there is a charge.

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Identical charges repel each other; Opposite charges attract each other.

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Electric charge - adding up all the charges in an atom
Net electric charge - summation of all the charges in the body

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In a electric field a charge is capable of affecting another charge by applying electric force on it.

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Two positive charges or two negative charges repel each other. A positive and a negative charge attract each other.

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Coulomb's law defines the force exerted by an electric field on an electric charge - this is the force acting between electrically charged objects and is determined by the value of the interaction between two stationary point electric charges in a vacuum.

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Coulomb's law defines the force exerted by an electric field on an electric charge - this is the force acting between electrically charged objects and is determined by the value of the interaction between two stationary point electric charges in a vacuum.

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The factors that would affect the potential energy of the test charge.

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The factors that would affect the potential energy of the test charge.

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I. Electric field from the source
II. Charge of the test charge
III. Distance between the source of electric field

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Electric field revolves around the idea that when a positive charge experiences a force at any point within the region where an electric charge is placed. Hence, it is equal to the electric force per unit charge experienced by a charge at that point.

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Coulomb's Law discusses the Principle of Conservation of Charge which states that the algebraic sum of all the charges in any closed system is constant and the magnitude of the charge of the proton or electron is a natural unit of charge.

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Electrostatics is a field that focuses on the interactions between electric charges, the charge in an atom that cannot be created nor destroyed, that are at rest.

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There are objects that allow easy passage of electric charges (conductors) and there are those that does not (insulators). There are even objects that are more inclined to becoming negatively charged or becoming positively charged after rubbing a pair of objects together.

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When an item moves against an electric field, it accumulates energy that is referred to as electric potential energy. The electric potential is calculated by dividing the potential energy by the quantity of charge for any charge.

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Electric field is much simpler. Arrows pointing equally outward in all directions from a sphere, or inward toward the opposite polarity sphere, might be used to illustrate the field of a charged sphere. Physical attraction between oppositely charged spheres is homogeneous independent of orientation; the only factors that determine the attractive or repulsive force are the voltage and distance between the spheres. There is no such thing as north or south. The electric field radiates in the same direction in all directions. Like charges repel one other, whereas opposing charges attract each other.

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Coulomb's law is concerned with the force that exists between two stationary charges. The amount of the force between two static charges is directly proportional to the product of their magnitudes and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

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The study of charges that form on insulating objects as a result of physical contact and removal or relative motion is known as electrostatics.

The following are the fundamentals to be aware of:

1. There are two charges, positive and negative.

2. Electrostatic charges are the highest in low temperature dry conditions.

3. Objects may be charged by contact (same polarity as charging source) or induction (opposite polarity of charging source).

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The energy required to transport a charge against an electric field is known as electric potential energy.

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A field is a region associated with an electric charge distribution in which the charge's or field's forces act on other charges.

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Coulomb's Law depicts the strength of the electrostatic force between two charges.

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It focuses on the interactions between electric charges.

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The energy required to transport a charge against an electric field is known as electric potential energy.

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The energy required to transport a charge against an electric field is known as electric potential energy.

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Electric field is defined as the electric force per unit charge.

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Electric field is defined as the electric force per unit charge.

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Coulomb's law states that the electrical force between two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of the quantity of charge on the objects.

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Coulomb's law states that the electrical force between two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of the quantity of charge on the objects.

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In the ionization of an object, electrons are either transferred or gained.

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In the ionization of an object, electrons are either transferred or gained.

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The energy in an electric potential energy required to move a charge against an electric field.

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Electric Field

At a certain point is equal to the electric force per unit charge experienced by a charge at that point.

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Coulomb's Law

is used to determine the electrical force between two charged objects. It states that the electrical force is directly proportional to the charge of two objects but inversely proportional to the distance.

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Electrostatic involves the buildup of charges on the surface of the object due to contact with other surfaces.

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is a field that focuses on the interactions between electric charges that are at rest or nearly so.

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 The amount of work needed to move a unit charge from a reference point to a specific point against an electric field.

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 The amount of work needed to move a unit charge from a reference point to a specific point against an electric field.

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charged object creates an electric field

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charged object creates an electric field

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The electric force between charged bodies at rest is conventionally called electrostatic force

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The electric force between charged bodies at rest is conventionally called electrostatic force

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An attractive or repulsive forces between particles that are caused by their electric charges.

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An attractive or repulsive forces between particles that are caused by their electric charges.

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1. Length : +length = +resistance
2. Cross-sectional area : +area = -resistance
3. Type of material (eg. Aluminum has greater resistance compared to Copper)
4. Temperature : +Temperature = +resistance

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Electric Potential Energy (Positive charge):
The Electric Potential Energy (U) decreases when an electric field performs positive work on a charge.

Electric Potential Energy (Negative charge):
The Electric Potential Energy (U) grows when an electric field exerts negative work on a charge.

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Charged body creates an electric field in the
space around it.

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Difference between Newtons Law is that Coulomb’s law depends on charge, whereas Newton’s law depends on mass.

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The charges of the electron and proton are equal in magnitude.

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Gravitational Field is always toward the center of the earth.

Electric Field is always from positive to negative.

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Charging by Induction
- the ability to charge objects without direct contact
1. An uncharged metal ball
2. Negative charge on rod repels electrons on the metal ball
3. Wire lets electron build-up flow into the ground
4. Wire is now removed. The metal ball now has only an electron-deficient region of positive charge
5. Rod is now removed. Electrons rearranged themselves and the metal ball now has an overall electron deficiency - net positive charge

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Electric Potential energy between 2-point charges.

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Electric Potential energy between 2-point charges.

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-When charges are alike, the lesser the
distance, the greater the repulsion, thus,
greater electric potential energy;
-When charges are alike, the greater the
distance, the lesser the repulsion, thus,
lesser electric potential energy;
-When charges are different, the lesser
the distance, the greater the attraction,
thus, greater electric potential energy;
and
-When charges are different, the greater
the distance, the lesser the attraction,
thus, lesser electric potential

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At a certain point is equal to the electric force per unit charge experienced by a charge at that point

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Similarity of Newtons law to Coulomb's law 

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Similarity of Newtons law to Coulomb's law 

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Both forces depend on the inverse square of the separation distance.

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-The algebraic sum of all the charges in any closed system is constant
-The magnitude of the charge of the proton or electron is the natural unit of charge

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The energy in an electric potential energy required to move a charge against an electric field

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Electric field is a vector quantity and a region of space around an electrically charged particle or object in which an electric charge would feel force

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Coulomb's law depends on the force of attraction or repulsion acting along a straight line between two electric charges is proportional to the product and inversely proportional to the square of its distance.

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Electrostatics is the study of electromagnetic phenomena that occur when there are no moving charges. The three laws of electric charges are that like charges repel, unlike charges attract, and charged objects can be attracted to neutral objects.

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Electric Potential Energy is not the same as Electric Potential.

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If a particle has an electric charge "q" and is in an electric field "E *arrow head", the electric force the charge will feel is "F*arrow head = q times E*arrow head"

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Electrostatic involves the buildup of charges on the surface of the object due to contact with other surfaces.

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Charles-Augustin de Coulomb developed it. It Illustrate the strength of the force between two electrostatic charges (electric charges without any motion).

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The natural behavior of a charged particle will have a positive work done where both the electric force and the displacement of the charge are in the same direction.

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- often assigned to be positive

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The forces of both Coulomb's Law and Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation depends on the inverse square of the separation distance. Their difference lies on what they depend on where Coulomb’s
law depends on charge; Newton’s law depends on mass.

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When a positive charge moves into the direction of the E, the Electric Potential Energy (U) decreases. The field does a positive work on the charge.

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Magnitude and direction of the field have the same values everywhere throughout a certain region.

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represents the amount of charge that passes through a common light bulb in a second.

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- In V=U/q, q is the charge of the field point.
- In V=(kq)/r, q is the charge of the source point

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- process where neutral atoms (having an equal amount of protons and electrons) are converted to electrically charged atoms by either losing or gaining electrons.

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The net electric field between two electrons will be zero.

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Formula:

V=U/q

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-        electric field is outward

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-        states that the electrical force between two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of the quantity of charge on the objects and inversely proportional to the

square of the separation distance between the two objects.

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-        The algebraic sum of all the charges in any closed system is constant.

-        The magnitude of the charge of the proton or electron is a natural unit of charge.

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- when two charges exert forces simultaneously on a third charge, the total force acting on that charge is the vector sum of the forces that the two charges would exert individually

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is similar to gravitational potential energy only that it may vary on the orientation of charge. It is location-dependent.

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is a vector quantity with SI unit N/C.

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is used to determine the electrical force between two charged objects. It states that the electrical force is directly proportional to the charge of two objects but inversely proportional to the distance.

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Electrons cannot be created nor destroyed

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Electrons cannot be created nor destroyed

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There is either a transfer or gain of electrons in the ionization of an object. Charging can be done through friction or induction.

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Why protons settled in (inside) the nucleus

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Why protons settled in (inside) the nucleus

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because of the strong nuclear force which binds protons with neutrons together.

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Field point - the one who experiences the force
Sourcepoint - the one who exerts force on the field point

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- The algebraic sum of all the charges in any closed system is constant.
- The magnitude of the charge of the proton or electron is a natural unit of charge.

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opposite (charges) - attracts
same (charges) - repels

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positive work - U decreases
negative work - U increases

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always points from the source point to the field point

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Gravitational Potential Energy - relies on the presence of a gravitational field.
GPE = mgh

Electric Potential Energy - relies on the presence of an electric field.
U = qEy

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A charged body creates an electric field in the space around it.

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The electrical force between two charged objects is inversely proportional to the square of the separation distance between two objects.

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Electrostatic  - is the interaction between electric charges that are at rest.
Conductor - allows easy passage of electric charges.
Insulator - does not allow the passage of electric charges.

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The electric potential energy of a charge in the field is given by
change in U = qE(yb-ya)

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- refers to voltage difference between two given points is the work in joules required to move one coulomb of charge from unit to the other.
- UNIT: VOLTAGE (V)

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Difference of Potential Energy and Electric Potential Energy

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Difference of Potential Energy and Electric Potential Energy

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Potential Energy has a dependency on the charge of the object experiencing the electric field.

Electric Potential is purely location-dependent. Even if charges 1 and 2 have different charges, since they both 1 meter away from the source, they still have the same electric potential.

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In coulomb's law, the SI unit of charge is Coulomb which is abbreviated as C.

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In the ‘Law of Universal Gravitation,’ F is always attractive. On the other hand, in Coulomb’s Law, F can either be attractive or repulsive.

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Ionization is the process of gaining/losing electrons.
-cation - one or more electrons are removed.
-anion - one or more electrons are added.

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Electric field is when a positive test charge experiences a force at any point within the region where an electric charge is placed.

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When a positive charge moves into the opposite direction of (E), the EPE increases. The field does a negative work on the charge.

When a negative charge opposes (E), the EPE (U) decreases. The field does a positive work on the charge.

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Electric potential energy is the energy that is needed to move a charge against an electric field.

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Electric field is the space or region at which a charge is capable of affecting another charge by applying an electric force on it.

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Coulomb's law is also similar in form to Newtons law of universal gravitation. Both forces depend on the inverse square of the separation distance.

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The direction of electric field points...

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The direction of electric field points...

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AWAY if it's positive
TOWARDS if it's negative

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describes the interaction of two point charges, and is only applicable to very small point charges

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GPE = mgh
U = qEy
change in U = qE(yb - ya)

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Electric field at a certain point is equal to the electric force per unit charges experienced by charge at that point.

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Electric field at a certain point is equal to the electric force per unit charges experienced by charge at that point.

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Coulomb’s law is not universally inclusive

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Coulomb’s law is not universally inclusive

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It is not applicable to all charges since it only caters very small point charges.

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Amount of electrons determine the value of a charge.

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Amount of electrons determine the value of a charge.

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Discussions involving electricity focuses on the small, standard, and high amount of electrons. When determining the value of a specific charge, we use the value of electrons on how positively or negatively charged an object is.