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Moore,Donna "Unit 2 ANS Part 1." Pharmacology HPRS 2300,June 2020

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Alpha 1 Adrenergic agonist
Ephedrine
phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
Adrenergic agonist:
epinephrine (Adrenalin)
Alpha-1 Adrenergic blocking drugs:
prazosin (Minipress)
terazosin (Hytrinâ)
doxazosin (Cardura)
Beta-1 Adrenergic agonist:
Dobutamine
Beta-2 Adrenergic agonist:
formoterol (Foradil)
albuterol (Proventil/Ventolin)
terbutaline (Brethineâ)
Selective Beta-1 blockers:
atenolol (Tenormin)
metoprolol (Lopressor)
Non-selective Beta blockers:
timolol (Blocadren)
propranolol (Inderol)
nadolol (Corgardâ)

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Drug classifications for the sympathetic nervous system

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Drug classifications for the sympathetic nervous system

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Alpha 1 Adrenergic agonists:
alpha 1 receptor is stimulated
Contraction of smooth muscle, blood vessels constrict and increase BP.
Vasoconstriction of nasal passages-->decongestant effect
Adrenergic Agonists:
Stimulates all alpha and beta receptors, an exception.
Vasopressor-Vasoconstriction, increases BP.
Cardiac stimulant and bronchodilator.
Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blocking Drugs:
Binds to alpha 1 receptors and blocks them.
Relaxation of smooth muscle.
Vasodilation of blood vessels, decreases BP.
Relaxes smooth muscle of ureters and increase urine flow
Beta 1 Adrenergic Agonists:
Low dose-Stimulates dopaminergic(d-1)receptors in kidneys causing vasodilation and increased renal blood flow.
Moderate Dose-stimulates beta 1 receptors-heart,increases force of contraction and cardiac output
High Dose:Stimulates alpha 1 receptors causing vasoconstriction---> increase in blood pressure
Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonist:
Stimulates beta 2 receptors.
Relaxation of smooth muscle of the lungs-->bronchodilation.
Relaxation of smooth muscle of the uterus.
Beta Adrenergic Block Drugs(selective Beta 1 Blockers):
Beta 1 receptor is blocked(antagonizes beta 1 effects of NE and EPI).
Decreases force of contraction(negative inotropic), decreases cardiac output.
Decreases HR(negative chronotropic).
Decreases Conduction(negative dromotropic).
Decreases in cardiac output also decreases BP.
Can cause bronchoconstriction.

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ACH: released at ganglia and postganglionic nerve endings

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Neurotransmitters of the Parasympathetic system

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Neurotransmitters of the Parasympathetic system

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Acetylcholine(ACH)

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Drug classifications for parasympathetic nervous system 

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Drug classifications for parasympathetic nervous system 

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Cholinergic/ parasympathomimetics:
Direct-acting cholinergic agonists:
directly stimulate/bind to the muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic division
Minics ACH
Indirect-Acting Cholinergic agonists:
Inhibits acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that destorys ACH in the synapse
Increases ACH
Anticholinergic /parasympatholytics:
Bind to a cholinergic receptor
Acts as a blocking drug; competitive antagonism

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Cholinergic/ Parasympathomimerics:
Direct-acting Cholinergic agonist: Acetylcholine
pilocarpine (Pilocar)
bethanechol (Urecholine)
Indirect-Acting Cholineric agonists:
neostigmine (Prostigmin)
Anticholinergics/ parasympatholytics:
Atropine
dicyclomine (Bentyl)

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Adrenal medulla: N/A
Arteries: most arteries are not supplied by parasympathetic nerves
Heart: Decreases heart rate and AV conduction and slight decrease in contractility
Intestines,GI motility, and secretions: Increased
Postganglionic neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine released
Pupil of the eye: constriction(mitosis)
Respiratory passage(lower) :Bronchoconstriction
Urinary bladder:contraction
Urinary sphincter: relaxation

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Muscarinic: Located on cardiac,smooth muscle and glands
Nn: at ganglia of parasympathetic nerves and sypathetic nerves (synapse area)
Nm: somatic,neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle
ALL stimulated by ACH

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adrenal medulla: release of epinephrine
Arteries: Vasconstriction
Heart: Increased heart rate, AV conduction and Contractility
Intestines,GI motility, and secretions: Decreased
Postganglionic neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine released
Pupil of the eye: Dilation(mydriasis)
Urinary bladder: relaxation
Urinary sphincter:contracion

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Alpha 1: Found on the glands,smooth muscles,eyes,most arteries and veins
Alpha 2: Adrenergic nerve endings
Beta 1: located in the heart
Beta 2: located in the smooth muscle,lungs,uterus,skeletal muscle arteries, and coronary arteries

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ACH : relelased at ganglia from the presynaptic nerve endings
NE : released at postganglionic nerve endings
EPI: released by adrenal medulla
DA: released by hypothalamus

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Neurotransmitters of the Sympathetic System :

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Neurotransmitters of the Sympathetic System :

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Acetylcholine(ACH)
Norepinephrine(NE)
Epinephrine(EPI)
Dopamine(DA)

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The two divisions of the ANS :
Sympathetic Nevous system(adrenergic)
Parasympathetic Nervous system(cholinergic)