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What is the ultimate goal (or multiple goals) of supply side policy?

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What is the ultimate goal (or multiple goals) of supply side policy?

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are supply side policies involved with the government ?

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are supply side policies involved with the government ?

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Are supply side or demand side policies more effective in counteracting and preventing recessions ? 

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Are supply side or demand side policies more effective in counteracting and preventing recessions ? 

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How does investment in education and training increase LRAS and have short term impacts on AD?

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How does investment in education and training increase LRAS and have short term impacts on AD?

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what are the potential risks of supply side policy?

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what are the potential risks of supply side policy?

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What are the advantages of supply side policies?

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What are the advantages of supply side policies?

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What are some of the disadvantages of market based supply policies

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What are some of the disadvantages of market based supply policies

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how does supply side policy affect the economy?

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how does supply side policy affect the economy?

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How does it differ to demand side policies?

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How does it differ to demand side policies?

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How do supply-side policies reduce or increase inflation and impact government spending

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When should we use State or Pro-Market supply side policies?

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What is supply side policy?

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Do market-based and interventionist supply side policies result in vastly different outcomes in the economy?

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how effective is it?

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What are some real world examples of suuply side policies?

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What was the most effective supply side policy in the past and who came up with it / the theory behind it?

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What was the most effective supply side policy in the past and who came up with it / the theory behind it?

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What are the limitations to supply side policy

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https://www.11alive.com/article/news/local/outreach/why-guy/chip-shortage-for-cars/85-179e56bd-81ea-438d-95f9-0d83be40a045

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Today’s vehicles run on chips, hundreds of them.

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https://www.businessinsider.com/why-store-shelves-are-empty-supply-chain-crisis-shortages-2021-10

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The supply-chain crisis is the result of COVID-19 disruptions paired with a boom in demand.

Shortages of workers, equipment, and space have only made the issue worse.

Here's everything you need to know about what's causing the supply-chain chaos.

America seems to be running out of everything.

Supply-chain bottlenecks caused record shortages of everyday products from household goods and electronics to cars, food, and raw materials.

For shoppers, empty shelves can be jarring, spurring panic-buying sprees. It's often the first sign people see that something may be wrong with the global supply chain. But, shortages are typically indicators of issues that have plagued the industry for months.

"At this point, shortages are guaranteed," Jonathan Gold, vice president of supply chain policy at the National Retail Federation, told Insider. "... We've been warning consumers to manage their expectations for the holiday shopping season for months now. The fact of the matter is the supply chain is stretched to its limit from end-to-end."

The supply chain didn't recover from COVID-19

In 2020, coronavirus shutdowns wreaked havoc on the global supply chain. Since, lingering virus-mitigation measures continue to limit efforts to return the supply chain to pre-pandemic levels.

Several industry players limited worker levels due to fears of the further spread of COVID-19 within the workplaces. In China, port terminals temporarily shuttered as a result of the country's COVID-19 zero-tolerance policy, spawning backlogs at some of the world's largest ports.

"From an economic perspective, it's sort of like a game of musical chairs," former US trade negotiator Harry Broadman told Insider, pointing to efforts in the US to compete with 24/7 operations at Asian ports. "The world economy is out of sync because parts of it were forced to go offline when the pandemic started and getting all the industry players back in line at the same time is near impossible."

Demand is soaring

Demand grew so rapidly in the past two years that it's equivalent to about 50 million new Americans joining the economy, Gold told Insider.

"All parts of the supply chain, most of which are built on 'lean' principles (no slack, little redundancy, from truck drivers to inventory in warehouses), were not prepared for this increase," Tony Pelli, Practice Director of Security & Resilience at BSI, told Insider. "While consumer demand can increase in a matter of months, it takes more time to increase port capacity, build warehouses, hire employees, etc., to meet that demand."

Shortages make it difficult to keep up

Ports, warehouses, and trucking companies are processing more goods than ever while combatting a series of crushing shortages, including workers, equipment, and space.

Most notably, the national labor shortage has left warehouse companies scrambling for employees and key US ports working with limited manpower.

Two of the largest US ports saw a 30% increase in the amount of goods going through them while processing the cargo with 28% fewer workers. In July, the US Labor Department reported that the warehouse industry had a record 490,000 job openings. Meanwhile, the trucking industry has a shortage of over 80,000 drivers.

With fewer workers to process the goods, shipping yards and warehouses are running out of space, making it increasingly difficult to organize the output of goods to their final destinations.

No end in sight

While the record backlog at Southern California ports represents the most eye-grabbing aspect of the supply-chain crisis, every leg of the industry is in chaos, RBC analyst Mike Tran told Insider. Last week, Moody Analytics warne d there will be "dark clouds ahead" for the supply chain.

Robyn Beck/AFP via Getty Images

The only near-term solution would be a cut back on consumer spending, though the prospect seems unlikely.

Experts predict the disruptions will continue well into 2023, despite efforts from the government to mitigate the issue.

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Why the supply chain is in crisis, spurring an 'everything shortage'

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The supply-chain crisis is the result of COVID-19 disruptions paired with a boom in demand. Shortages of workers, equipment, and space have only made the issue worse. Here's everything you need to know about what's causing the supply-chain chaos. America seems to be running out of everything.

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https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/editorial/supply-chain-crisis-not-yet-front-page-news-but-_235187

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Tuesday, November 02, 2021

Each headline-grabbing event in Jamaica tends to be more captivating than the last, hence how easy it is to obscure even critical developments that are often more impactful than the sensational news of the day.

Under the shadow of the latest front-page event - the ill-fated Mr Kevin Smith and his Pathways International Kingdom Restoration Ministries - the global supply chain crisis is a looming threat to the Jamaican economy.

The roll-out of vaccines has caused the novel coronavirus pandemic to ease gradually, but with that has come a massive surge in demand for energy, labour, and transport, notably freight shipping and trucks.

From Liverpool to Los Angeles, Beijing to Berlin, the world is in the vice-like grip of a supply crunch that has led to widespread fears of a bleak Christmas in which consumers might not be able to give or receive the usual Yuletide gifts.

According to US media, a record-breaking flotilla of container ships is waiting off the coast of Los Angeles to unload goods.

With the holiday season approaching, companies across America are bracing for shortages, such as toilet paper, and price rises for everything from artificial Christmas trees and sports goods to Thanksgiving turkeys.

"In China, ports screech to a standstill with even the smallest outbreaks of COVID-19. After Brexit, cargo is piling up at United Kingdom ports because of a scarcity of truckers," the British Guardian newspaper reported this week.

While there have been shortages of non-basic goods, like canvas for awnings and solar equipment in Jamaica, the noise about the supply chain crisis has not been as loud as warrants such a growing problem.

It is noticeable that our Government has not been very forthcoming about the gloomy development, perhaps preferring to let sleeping dogs lie until it becomes front-page news here.

To its credit, the central bank has acted, wrongly or rightly - only time will tell - in raising its policy interest rate by 100 basis points to 1.50 per cent, after inflation breached the upper limit of the bank's target range of between four and six per cent in August. Currently, inflation is tracking at 6.1 per cent.

It is feared that that increase will have an impact on the economy's growth potential and the Opposition People's National Party is convinced it will hurt poor people most. Bank of Jamaica boss Mr Richard Byles counters that higher inflation hurts poor people more.

His explanation for the interest rate rise goes straight to the supply chain troubles: "The recent significant increases in international commodity prices and shipping costs have had a stronger than expected pass-through to local prices. These increases have contributed to a further rise in inflation expectations, which were already elevated," he said.

The supply chain problem is largely blamed on the pandemic, but the squeeze is also on from companies trying to replenish inventories and consumers hoarding everyday necessities as the holiday season approaches.

The inevitable price increases have and will continue to reach our shores, given that shipping costs from Asia to the West have pushed the cost of a container from US$2,000 to US$15,000 in some cases, and even as high as US$25,000 in the US.

The Government will need to fight back with lower import duties. Hopefully, they are already ahead of this editorial.

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Supply chain crisis not yet front-page news, but...

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Tuesday, November 02, 2021 Each headline-grabbing event in Jamaica tends to be more captivating than the last, hence how easy it is to obscure even critical developments that are often more impactful than the sensational news of the day.

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I like the way that you used a wide range of sources and you cited them in a bibliography.

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- Nice and simple
- Easy to follow

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Easy to follow, nicely laid out,
design is plain

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- Nice layout, good set of pros and cons

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-Addressed important points, Good Definitions, could have a better layout
- Good fact-file on Milton Friedman, good definitions, could have a better layout.

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-Nice pictures, Good Definitions, and very concise