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Thomas Morgan began studying fruit flies and found that certain traits of the fruit flies are passed on to their offspring. He found that the genes being passed on are found on the chromosomes.

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Frederick Griffith was the first person to demonstrate bacterial transformation. He used two strains of streptococcus and experimented on mice. He found that transforming factors can change the organisms phenotype.

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The three took the R and S strains used in Griffith's experiment and mixed it with the enzymes proteases and DNase. They found that the transforming factor from Griffith's experiments is DNA.

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Chargaff used paper chromatography and UV spectroscopy to study the number of nucleobases. He found that the amount of adenine and thymine are always in balance and same with guanine and cytosine.

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Hershey and Chase studied bacteriophages and studied their DNA. They found that DNA was genetic material, not protein.

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Wilkins and Franklin studied nucleic acids and proteins through X - ray imaging. They found that DNA is a twisted, double stranded structure with nitrogen bases.

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Watson and Crick studied the structure of DNA. They described it as a double helix structure with nucleotides facing the outside.

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Meselson and Stahl used 15N and 14N and discovered that DNA replication is a semi conservative replication. This means that each strand in a DNA molecule serves as the base for a new strand.