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How do you think you have been influenced by modern American society? How has it shaped your values, beliefs, identity, etc…?

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Groups should only have one leader.

Everyone in a group should get an equal vote in decision-making.

Children are capable of taking care of themselves without adult supervision.

Superstitions should be believed in and followed.

If a leader orders you to hurt someone, you should do it.

Food is more important than shelter.

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Academic Language for agreeing or disagreeing with the anticipatory questions:

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Academic Language for agreeing or disagreeing with the anticipatory questions:

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Academic Language for Agreeing

I agree with the statement because …

I agree with my classmate/you that … because …

Academic Language for Disagreeing

I believe that … because…

I disagree with the statement … because….

Although _______ makes a valid point, I still feel that … because …

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Author of Lord of the Flies, Golding
was born in Britain and lived from 1911-1993.

In the decade before LOTF was published, Britain had been involved in two wars: WWI and Korean War. Golding joined the Royal Navy a year after Britain entered World War II.

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Video is blocked on student Chromebooks. Play on teacher computer or have students watch on their phones

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EDpuzzle video lesson. Make any video your lesson. Take a video and crop it, add your voice or embed questions at any point.

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WWI - "The War to End all Wars" was the first war which used modern weaponry in combat. It was the beginning of fighting on a large-scale.

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The novel was first published in 1954 - a decade after WWII and the beginning of "The Cold War"

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http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/cold-war-history

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George Orwell - Famous Writer of 1984 created the term, "Cold War"

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George Orwell - Famous Writer of 1984 created the term, "Cold War"

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“For forty or fifty years past, Mr. H. G. Wells and others have been warning us that man is in danger of destroying himself with his own weapons, leaving the ants or some other gregarious species to take over. Anyone who has seen the ruined cities of Germany will find this notion at least thinkable. Nevertheless, looking at the world as a whole, the drift for many decades has been not towards anarchy but towards the reimposition of slavery. We may be heading not for general breakdown but for an epoch as horribly stable as the slave empires of antiquity. James Burnham's theory has been much discussed, but few people have yet considered its ideological implications — that is, the kind of world-view, the kind of beliefs, and the social structure that would probably prevail in a state which was at once unconquerable and in a permanent state of ‘cold war’ with its neighbours” (Orwell, “You and the Atomic Bomb”).

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1. What purpose does the video serve? To inform? To protect? To scare?

2. How did the artists/producers go about meeting this purpose? Explain.

3. What would your reaction have been after seeing this image in 1954?

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EDpuzzle video lesson. Make any video your lesson. Take a video and crop it, add your voice or embed questions at any point.

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What purpose does each image serve? To inform? To protect? To scare?

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1. What purpose does each image or video serve? To inform? To protect? To scare?

2. How did the artists/producers go about meeting this purpose? Explain.

3. What would your reaction have been after seeing this image in 1954?

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What observations can you make about this image?

What message is being conveyed through this image?

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Pick 3 of the words from the list below to create a presentation for the Digital Word Wall

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Influence

Utopia

Dystopia

Civilization

savage(ry)

Cold War

Society

Nuclear

Futility

Citizen

Oppressed

creepers

head boy

Stockings

Wizard

smashing

garter

wacco

microcosm

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"In a War, Children without a Childhood"

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"In a War, Children without a Childhood"

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1) Why are the children mentioned in this articled considered "children without a childhood?"
2) What effect has the war had on their lives?

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Newsela is an Instructional Content Platform that supercharges reading engagement and learning in every subject.

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"To Study Aggression, a Fight Club for Flies"

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"To Study Aggression, a Fight Club for Flies"

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Science-based NY Times article on the study of male flies vs female flies

1. What have scientists discovered about aggression in fruit flies?

2. What are the implications of their discovery for humans?

3. What questions about aggression remain unanswered by the research? What are the limitations of their research?

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Males' aggression toward each other is an old story throughout the animal kingdom. It's not that females aren't aggressive, but in many species, male-on-male battles are more common.

Take fruit flies. "The males are more aggressive than females," said David J. Anderson, a California Institute of Technology neuroscientist who knows their tussles well. Dr. Anderson runs a kind of fight club for fruit flies in his lab at Caltech, with the goal of understanding the deep evolutionary roots of very fundamental behaviors.

Dr. Anderson, Kenta Asahina and a group of their colleagues recently identified one gene and a tiny group of neurons, sometimes as few as three, present only in the brains of male fruit flies, that can control aggression.

The gene is also found in mammals, and has also been associated with aggression in some mammalian species, perhaps even in humans, although that is not clear.

The discovery, reported in the journal Cell last month, does not tell the whole story of fly aggression. Some fighting is inextricably linked to food and mating, while the mechanism the scientists found is not. But it is a striking indication of how brain structure and chemistry work together, as well as a reminder that as different as humans and flies are, they are not always very far apart.

The painstaking process of discovery, recounted step by step in the paper, gives a glimpse of modern brain research and the lengths to which scientists must go if they want to get down to the level of how neurons control behavior.

"They did a huge amount of experiments," said Ulrike Heberlein at the Janelia Farm research campus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Dr. Heberlein also studies fly behavior and recently demonstrated another human-fly connection, showing that jilted male flies will turn to drink.

"The work was extremely well done," she said, adding that it was particularly interesting that the researchers found a connection between flies and mammals for a social behavior, even though they did not set out to look for it.

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At Caltech, researchers identified a gene and a tiny group of neurons in male flies that control aggression. Left, a male fruit fly's brain. The arrows point to the neurons that the female brain lacks. Credit Kenta Asahina/California Institute of Technology

That, she said, is "one of the powers of the fly."

The research began, Dr. Anderson said, with the hypothesis that neuropeptides, which are a kind of hormone in the brain, had a role in controlling aggression as they do in some other fundamental behaviors like feeding and mating.

To find out which neuropeptides were important, the team tested different lines, of genetically modified fruit flies. All lines had been engineered so that at a certain temperature, around 80 degrees, a chemical change would make specific neurons fire. In each line the neurons were different. The researchers used automated video recordings and analysis software, developed by another of the paper's authors, Pietro Perona, an engineering professor at Caltech, to determine the level of aggressive behavior that the flies exhibited. The recordings captured classic fly fighting moves like the "lunge" and the "tussle."

They tested about 40 lines of flies, raising the temperature to increase the firing of neurons and determine which flies showed increased aggressive behavior. They used another technique to make neurons they were studying become fluorescent green so they could see their anatomy and location. And using a variety of tools, they narrowed the search to neurons that were producing the neuropeptide tachykinin. When they compared the brains of male and female flies, they found a few neurons, present only in the male, that produced tachykinin. When these neurons were silenced, the researchers were able to decrease aggression. The emergence of tachykinin was very interesting because mammals have several different kinds of tachykinin, including substance P, which has been connected to aggression in rodents and has a variety of suspected roles in human beings, including a possible link to aggression. They had not set out with this particular brain hormone in mind, but the parallel in mammals made sense.

They now had identified a cluster of neurons, as few as three, that caused an increase in aggression. Those few neurons were only in males. They were active when males were fighting each other. The researchers did more genetic manipulation, deleting and adding copies of tachykinin genes, so that the neurons would produce more or less of the chemical. They found that with enough tachykinin produced by these few neurons, flies became more or less aggressive. They could even make small flies attack bigger flies.

In a few instances, they managed to overcome the most important cue of all, the presence of another male fly. "We could get the flies to attack an inanimate object, a fly-sized magnet," Dr. Anderson said, although it didn't happen often.

In the end, they clearly established that a significant behavioral difference in male and female flies was based in the brain - and the brain's chemistry and its anatomy were inextricably linked.

A crucial link in the chain of evidence was the ability to actually control the fly behavior, a line of research that is increasingly important to the understanding of how brains work, said Cori Bargmann, at Rockefeller University, one of the heads of a National Institutes of Health advisory committee on a federal neuroscience program developed by the Obama administration.

"That's what's really changing in neuroscience," she said. It is shifting "toward manipulating the activity of the nervous system."

What this might mean for humans is unclear. A drug that suppresses the activity of substance P in humans had, at one time, seemed very promising as an antidepressant. It failed in clinical trials, but Dr. Anderson and his co-authors suggested in the Cell paper that it might be tested for symptoms like uncontrollable anger that can affect people with illnesses like post-traumatic stress syndrome.

They might meet the same fate as the tests for depression, of course. But it is clear that humans and flies have more in common than it might appear. Dr. Anderson said, "Studying aggression in fruit flies can actually teach us something about some of the molecules that control aggression."

A version of this article appears in print on , on Page D5 of the New York edition with the headline: To Study Aggression, a Fight Club for Flies. Order Reprints | Today's Paper | Subscribe

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To Study Aggression, a Fight Club for Flies

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Males' aggression toward each other is an old story throughout the animal kingdom. It's not that females aren't aggressive, but in many species, male-on-male battles are more common. Take fruit flies. "The males are more aggressive than females," said David J. Anderson, a California Institute of Technology neuroscientist who knows their tussles well.

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Top 10 Qualities That Make A Great Leader

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Top 10 Qualities That Make A Great Leader

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1. What makes a good leader?

2. What characteristics are most important in a leader: knowledge, charisma, appearance, honesty, experience, confidence, ideology?

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How did the author's life influence his writing of Lord of Flies?

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Teach and Learn With The Times: Resources for Bringing the World Into Your Classroom

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1) What are the differences between civilization and culture?
2) What makes someone "civilized?" Explain.

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Have you ever wondered why the one who is poor and in a shabby attire is regarded as uncivilized, even though he may be the most cultured person and the one in a sophisticated outfit, is called civilized, but, may not be having the sense of culture?

People often conflate the terms culture and civilization, and end up using them synonymously. However, the two terms have clearly defined meaning which differentiates them, i.e. culture is everything about the human society, while civilization is the breakthrough of the human society. Go through with the article presented before you, to have a deeper understanding of the difference between culture and civilization.

Content: Culture Vs Civilization

Comparison Chart

Definition of Culture

The term 'culture' is a Latin origin of the world 'cultus', which refers to cultivating or refining something, in such a way that it provides admiration and respect. In finer terms, culture is the way people live, reflected in the language they spoke, food they eat, clothes they wear and the Diety they follow or worship. It expresses the manner in which one thinks and do things.

In other words, culture is the set of knowledge, experiences and behaviours which is commonly shared by a group of people. It is something that a person gains through learning.

Culture includes art, knowledge, belief, customs, traditions, morals, festivals, values, attitudes, habits and so on which are inherited by a person as a member of society. It is everything; an individual achieves as a member of a social group. It can be seen in the literature, music, dance forms, religious practices, dressing style, food habits, ways of greeting others, recreation and enjoyment. Different cultures can be found in different places, as it varies from region to region.

Definition of Civilization

Civilization is described as a process of civilizing or say developing the state of human society, to the extent that the culture, industry, technology, government, etc. reaches the maximum level. The term 'civilization' is derived from a Latin term 'civis' which indicates 'someone who resides in a town'.

The term 'civilization' is not confined to town; rather it talks about adopting better ways of living, and making best possible use of nature's resources, so as to satisfy the needs of the group of people. Further, it stresses on systematising society into various groups that work collectively and constantly to improve the quality of life, regarding food, education, dress, communication, transportation, and the like.

Key Differences Between Culture and Civilization

The following points are noteworthy, so far as the difference between culture and civilization is concerned:

1. The term 'culture' refers to the embodiment of the manner in which we think, behave and act. On the contrary, the improved stage of human society, where members have the considerable amount of social and political organisation and development, is called Civilization.

2. Our culture describes what we are, but our civilization explains what we have or what we make use of.

3. Culture is an end; it has no measurement standards. As against this, civilization has precise measurement standards, because it is a means.

4. The culture of a particular region can be reflected in religion, art, dance, literature, customs, morals, music, philosophy, etc. On the other hand, the civilization is exhibited in the law, administration, infrastructure, architecture, social arrangement, etc. of that area.

5. Culture denote the greatest level of inner refinement, and so it is internal. Unlike, civilization which is external, i.e. it is the expression of state of the art technology, product, devices, infrastructure and so forth.

6. Change in culture is observed with time, as in the old thoughts and traditions lost with the passage of time and new ones are added to it which are then transmitted from one generation to another. On the flip side, civilization is continuously advancing, i.e. the various elements of civilization like means of transportation, communication, etc. are developing day by day.

7. Culture can evolve and flourish, even if the civilization does not exist. In contrast, civilization cannot grow and exist without culture.

Conclusion

Therefore, one should not confuse culture for civilization. However, both are created by human beings and expresses, the way we led our lives. These two gives us the ideas, ideals, values and ways to live a decent and lavish life.

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Difference Between Culture and Civilization (with Comparison Chart) - Key Differences

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Many people have trouble in understanding the difference between culture and civilization, due to the lack of understanding. The most important point that distinguishes the two is, Our culture describes what we are, but our civilization explains what we have or what we make use of.