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The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and the approximately 5 liters of blood that the blood vessels transport. Responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and cellular waste products throughout the body, the cardiovascular system is powered by the body’s hardest-working organ — the heart, which is only about the size of a closed fist.

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The cardiovascular system has three major functions: transportation of materials, protection from pathogens, and regulation of the body’s homeostasis.

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The heart is a muscular pumping organ located medial to the lungs along the body’s mid-line in the thoracic region. The bottom tip of the heart, known as its apex, is turned to the left, so that about 2/3 of the heart is located on the body’s left side with the other 1/3 on right.

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There are 2 primary circulatory loops in the human body: the pulmonary circulation loop and the systemic circulation loop.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/14ZCn4zILQnmnBcun1Lbt9uijVW1nUdxl_HCbE4KMozA/edit

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The average human body contains about 4 to 5 liters of blood. As a liquid connective tissue, it transports many substances through the body and helps to maintain homeostasis of nutrients, wastes, and gases. Blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and liquid plasma.

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Blood vessels are the body’s highways that allow blood to flow quickly and efficiently from the heart to every region of the body and back again. The size of blood vessels corresponds with the amount of blood that passes through the vessel.

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The heart is a four-chambered “double pump,” where each side (left and right) operates as a separate pump. Each heartbeat results in the simultaneous pumping of both sides of the heart, making the heart a very efficient pump.

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Several functions of the cardiovascular system can control blood pressure. Certain hormones along with autonomic nerve signals from the brain affect the rate and strength of heart contractions.

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Homeostasis, or the clotting of blood and formation of scabs, is managed by the platelets of the blood.

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http://www.innerbody.com/image/urinov.html
http://www.innerbody.com/image/cardov.html

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The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and produce urine. The ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra together form the urinary tract, which acts as a plumbing system to drain urine from the kidneys, store it, and then release it during urination. Besides filtering and eliminating wastes from the body, the urinary system also maintains the homeostasis of water, ions, pH, blood pressure, calcium and red blood cells.

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The primary function of the kidneys is the excretion of waste products resulting from protein metabolism and muscle contraction. The liver metabolizes dietary proteins to produce energy and produces toxic ammonia as a waste product.

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Kidneys Maintain Blood Pressure Homeostasis

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Kidneys Maintain Blood Pressure Homeostasis

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The kidneys help to control blood pressure in the body by regulating the excretion of sodium and water and by producing the enzyme renin. Because blood is mostly made of water, an increased volume of water in the body results in an increase in the volume of blood in the blood vessels. Increased blood volume means that the heart has to pump harder than usual to push blood into vessels that are crowded with excess blood. Thus, increased blood volume leads to increased blood pressure.

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Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, with 50 percent of those deaths men and 50 percent women.

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Exercise of 30 minutes or more, most days of the week is advised to improve the health of your heart and circulatory system. Physical activity can help manage your weight and reduce your risk of developing other conditions that make your circulatory system work harder, like high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol. Exercise is even effective when broken down into shorter sessions.

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Your food intake can significantly improve the health of your circulatory system and heart. Avoiding processed foods, foods that are high in saturated and trans fats, and excessive alcohol consumption can also improve your circulatory system health.

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https://www.livestrong.com/article/361738-four-ways-to-keep-your-circulatory-system-healthy/

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Managing a healthy weight plays a major role in the health of your circulatory system. Being overweight can increase risk of high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol, all of which put you at increased risk for heart attack and other circulation problems.

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Drink plenty of water. It is generally recommended to drink at least eight 8-oz. glasses of water per day.

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Use the bathroom when the urge arises. Holding it for too long can weaken the bladder muscles and lead to accidents. Whenever possible, plan to go to the bathroom regularly after drinking fluids regularly.

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Eat a healthy diet including fruits, vegetables, protein and whole grains. Eating a diet high in fat can place stress on the kidneys when attempting to extract urea during processing. The processing of foods with high concentrations of fat can result in the formation of kidney stones.

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Go Easy on the Salt (Which Makes You Retain Water)

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Go Easy on the Salt (Which Makes You Retain Water)

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A high-sodium diet has been associated with elevated blood pressure. Long-term, uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to kidney damage. A high-salt diet may also contribute to the development of kidney stones.

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https://www.verywell.com/tips-for-keeping-your-urinary-system-healthy-3300090