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Key Terms/Key words               (Amaia Martin)

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Key Terms/Key words               (Amaia Martin)

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Hi buddys,
After reading the previous articles, these are the main key terms/key words that I find.

-Plurilingualism

-Multilingualism

-Paralinguistic

-Bilingualism

-Metalinguistic

-Additive bilingualism

-Third language acquisition

-Early bilingualism

-Balanced billinguals

-Minority language

-Authochonous languages

-Natural languages

-Foreign language

-Monolinguals

-Bilinguals

-Trilinguals

-Proficiency

-Communicative skills

-Cognition

The key terms/ key word I have chosen to do the research is Bilingual.

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Hello everybody,
These are the words I have choosen after reading the presentation of Pili Sagasta and the articles:

-Plurilingualism
-Monolingualism
-Bilingualism
-Paralinguistics
-Multilingualism
-Native speakers
-Phicosocial factors
-Foreign language
-Interdependence
-Comunication skills
-Academic competence
-Social competence
-Mother tongue
-Majority language
-Minority language
-Lesser-used language
-Sociolinguistic context
-Holistic view
-Monolingual view
-Cultural identity
-Additive plurilingualism
-Subtractive plurilingualism
-Transfer of skills
-Third language acquisition

The key word or term that I choosen to do the research is: minority languages.

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Hello everybody! After reading the presentation as well as the two articles, these are the most relevant key terms/ key words that I was able identify. Nevetheless, I have to recognize it hasn't been very easy to select those most significant for me.

Key terms/ key words:

- Monolingualism
- Bilingualism
- Balanced bilingualism
- Less-balanced bilingualism
- Limited bilingualism
- Additive bilingualism
- Subtractive bilingualism
- Trilingualism
- Multilingualism
- Plurilingualism
- Plurilingual education
- Plurilingual competence
- Additive plurilingualism
- Subtractive plurilingualism

- Sociolinguistic context
- Cultural identity
- Language learning strategies
- Learning process
- School Language Project

- Language proficiency

- Social language competence

- Academic language competence

- Cognitive development

- Language acquisition

- Acquired natural language

- Native language

- Minority languages
- Majority languages

- Linguistic interdependence

- Linguistic Interrelation

- Metalinguistic awareness

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A small research: Linguistic interdependence theory (Josu Vergara)

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A small research: Linguistic interdependence theory (Josu Vergara)

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It is important to learn the linguistic interdependence theory to understand the relation  of the learning process between L1, L2 and L3 on different sociolinguistic contexts. That is why, we are going to carry out this small research in this key term.

According to the interdependence hypothesis (Cummins, 1991) bilinguals are able to transfer skills from their first language for use in their second language and it could be expected that they can also be capable of transferring skills from the two languages they know to a third language.  This Linguistic Interdependence Hypothesis reveals the relationship of the first language to the learning of another second or third language. Cummins' theory postulates two dimensions in every language:

Languages contain surface features but, underlying these surface manifestations, there are more complex language features which are used in more cognitive demanding tasks and transferable across languages The dimension of language used in more cognitively demanding tasks that involve more complex language is CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency), which is transferable across languages.

The sociolinguistic context and the level of bilingual proficiency can explain why learners with a minority language as their first language have advantages when their L1 is valued in society and they have acquired literacy skills in their L1 as it is reported in most of the studies on the general effects of bilingualism.

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Hello to everybody!
After reading the articles, for me these are the key words:

- Plurilingualism
-Additive plurilingualism
-Substracive plurilingualism
-Monolingualism
-Bilingualism
-Multilingualism
-Language acquisition
-Metalinguistic awareness
-Communicative skills
-Cognitive development
-Minority language
-Majority language
-Contexts
-Competences
-Linguistic interdependence
-Paralinguistics
-Foreign language

After writing the key words, I decided to do a research about minority languages.

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Hello!

In my opinion these could be the most relevant key words in the articles and the presentation:

·         Bilingualism

·         Plurilingualism

·         Multilingualism

·         Foreign language

·         Interdependence

·         Contexts

·         Communication skills

·         Communicative competence

·         Native speaker

·         Base language

·         Language teaching-learning

·         Majority language

·         Minority language

·         Lesser-used language

·         Psichosocial factors

·         Methalinguistic awareness

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Hello everybody! Here is the list of terms and words which I consider to be the key words and terms of the presentation and the articles read before. I hope you like it:

plurilingualism.

sociolinguistic context.

majority language.

minority language.

Foreign language.

plurilingual education.

additive plurilungualism.

Subtractive bilingualism.

mother tongue.

First language and second language.

Social language competence.

academic competence.

(non) native speaker/language.

Balanced bilingual, less balanced bilingual and limited bilingual.

third language adquisition.

Monolingualism.

Linguistic interdependence.

multilingualism.

paralinguistics.

Metalinguistic awareness.

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A small research: Balanced bilinguals (Laura Morcillo)

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A small research: Balanced bilinguals (Laura Morcillo)

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First of all, it is important to define the concept of Bilingualism. Bilingualism is commonly defined as the use of at least two languages by an individual (ASHA, 2004).

There are two types of bilinguals: the dominant and balanced bilinguals. Dominant bilinguals are bilinguals who are more proficient in one language as compared to the other language. Dominant bilinguals are also called unbalanced bilinguals.

Balanced bilinguals are people who have equal proficiency in both their first language (L1) and second language (L2). However, balanced bilinguals are not common as people rarely use two languages in the same situation. Balanced bilingual tends to refer to a group of privileged people who have the choice and opportunity to use two languages, and who have the educational chances for both their languages to blossom.

Research on bilingualism tends to show that children who are balanced bilinguals may have some cognitive advantages over those who are monolingual. Many contemporary studies have reported positive cognitive effects of balanced bilingualism, especially regarding metalinguistic skills (i.e., the ability to look at language rather than through it to the intended meaning). By and large, studies that have administered metalinguistic tasks such as grammaticality judgment tasks, word awareness tasks and phoneme segmentation tasks to groups of balanced bilingual and monolingual children of comparable ages report superior performance by the bilingual children; the latter group shows greater levels of control and analysis, which are fundamentally metalinguistic skills.

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Good morning!! The following key words are, in my opinion, the most relevant I could identify in the articles and in Sagasta's presentation.

- The sociolinguistic context
- Models of pluringual education: Additive or Substractive
- Bilingual literacy
- Additive bilingualism or Substractive bilingualism
- Balanced bilingual
-The School Language Project
- Social language competence
- Academic competence
- Linguistic Interdependence
- Holistic view
- Mother tongue
- Plurilingualism
- Multilingualism
- Third language acquisition
- Metalinguistic awareness
-Communication strategies

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Hello everyone!! The terms that I would say are the key words of the articles and the presentation for me.

- Plurilingualism

- Multilingualism

- Paralinguistics

- Bilingualism

- Third language acquisition

- Metalinguistic awareness

- Second language acquisition

- Minority languages

- Majority languages

- Immersion programs

- Areas of language proficiency: phonetics, lexis, syntax or pragmatics.

- Sociolinguistic context

- Models of plurilingual education: additive plurilingualism or subtractive plurilingualism

- Bilingual literacy

- Mother tongue.

- Additive bilingualism or substractive bilingualism

- Social language competence and academic competence

- Balanced bilingual, less-balanced bilingual or limited bilingual

- Linguistic interdependence