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Jose de San Martin was an unsuccessful Argentine soldier, statesman and a national hero. He helped lead the revolutions against Spanish rule in Argentina in 1812, Chile in 1818, and Peru in 1821. In 1817 he led his army from Chile over the Andes, after he captured Santiago San Martin was offered supreme dictatorship of Chile but declined the offer.

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Jose Maria Morelos was born on September 30, 1765, in Valladolid Mexico. He was born into a very poor family, but studied to become a priest at the age of 25 at the Colegio de San Nicholas. He later joined Hidalego's insurrection, and upon Hidalego's death he took command of the movement that had been started. He later formed the Congress of Chilipancingo, which drafted a constitution and formed a government. This constitution was later used to declare independence from Spain in 1813. He kept the congress and constitution from the royalist forces, moving it constantly with his nomadic army. When the royalist army finally caught up, Morelos defending them in a rearguard action, allowing many to escape, but leading him to be captured.

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Jose de san Martin was born on February 25th 1778. At 11 years old he started his military career as a cadet in the Murcia infantry regiment. Afterwords he spent the next 20 years as a loyal cadet to the Spanish monarch. In 1812 he resigned from Spanish forces to help the patriotic forces in Argentina. He quickly rose through the ranks and founded the regiment of mounted grenadiers. In 1814 he was appointed commander of the northern army. As commander he fought the Spanish. He created a strong stable army he used in his campaigns. In 1817 he led his forces to Chile with a surprise attack against the Spanish, But the Spanish had left after they were tipped off by "revolutionary" fighters who were playing both sides. He dies on August 17th, 1850.

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Jose de san Martin was born on February 25th 1778. At 11 years old he started his military career as a cadet in the Murcia infantry regiment. Afterwords he spent the next 20 years as a loyal cadet to the Spanish monarch. In 1812 he resigned from Spanish forces to help the patriotic forces in Argentina. He quickly rose through the ranks and founded the regiment of mounted grenadiers. In 1814 he was appointed commander of the northern army. As commander he fought the Spanish. He created a strong stable army he used in his campaigns. In 1817 he led his forces to Chile with a surprise attack against the Spanish, But the Spanish had left after they were tipped off by "revolutionary" fighters who were playing both sides. He dies on August 17th, 1850.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIQjopGEa5Q

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Hidalgo was born in May 1753 in Guanajuato. He entered priesthood in 1779 and pastured a parish in Dolores. For twenty-fives years he did his duty of being a spiritual leader, but in his free time he read texts on political theory. But in 1808, he became a leader to an underground opposition to the Spanish government. They talked mostly about emerging ideas on nationalism and political liberty. When he was going to be arrested, he brought together all his followers and parishioners to make an army. Hidalgo issued the "Grito de Delores" in September of 1810. It was a declaration of independence from Spain. The country was being treated better than the colony, while the colony was Spain's most prosperous territory at the time. His army created chaos through Central Mexico. This very easily turned to bloodshed and excessive amounts of death. Hidalgo's revolution swept through Mexico, but he lost his chance to take the capital, and the movement came to halt. Upon his defeat he attempted to escape to the United States, but was caught and killed by firing squad in Chihuahua, Mexico in the summer of 1811. Mexico gained its independence ten years later.

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The U.S.-Mexican War . Biographies . Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla | PBS

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Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla led the Mexican independence movement against Spanish rule in 1810 and unleashed a torrent of political passions that rocked Mexico for the first sixty years of its history as a nation. Born in May 1753 in Guanajuato, Hidalgo entered the priesthood in 1779, eventually pasturing a parish in Dolores.

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Pedro 1 of Brazil generally known as Dom Pedro was the son of  King John Vl of Portugal. Pedro founded  the Brazilian empire and also the first emperor of Brazil.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCe4K_UeFQ8

*Subtitles are not needed*

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Him and his men suffered several defeats. The only major setback was when e was captured on November 5, 1815. He was tried and executed in Mexico City. He was executed by a firing squad on December 22, 1815  in San Cristobal Ecatepec.

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On This Day - 1 December 1822 - Pedro I Crowned Emperor Of Brazil

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Egalité for All: Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian Revolution

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Learn more on Beyond the Box blog: http://www.beyondthebox.org It was the only successful slave insurrection in history. Vaguely remembered today, it was a hurricane at the turn of the nineteenth century traumatizing Southern planters and inspiring slaves and abolitionists worldwide.

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October 12, 1798

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In 1814 he secured the governorship of the province of Cuyo at the foot of the Andes. Here for 3 years he recruited and trained his Army of the Andes, since he believed that Argentina could not be safely independent unless Spanish forces were dislodged from

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PBS Egalite for All: Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian Revolution (2009)

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Slavery in Saint Domingue was harsh and cruel, dictated by the Code Noir (Black Code). However, despite these cruel circumstances, Toussaint inspired kindness L'Ouverture was a brilliant political and military leader,  capturing the Spanish half of Saint Domingue, thus securing the Haiti that we know today. While this may not have happened in his lifetime, he was the catalyst for the Haitian Revolution.

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Why he is important/why we should remember him?

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Why he is important/why we should remember him?

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Toussaint L'Ouverture was born into slavery on May 20th 1743 in Saint Dominque, his father was an African Prince who was captured by slavers. One of his greatests personal accomplishments is securing his freedom and being able to start a family. In the following years on August 22nd 1791 he was part of a revolt called the "Night of Fire " where the slaves set fire to plantation houses and fields killing many of the Whites, he then joined the growing slave insurgency and sent his family away to safety. He quickly developed the reputation as a capable soldier and then as a military secretary to one of the insurgency leaders named Georges Biassou. From 1794- 1802 he was the dominant political and military leader in the French colony.  During this time he had lead France to drive out the British and then he captured the Spanish and controlled half of the island. One of the things that he accomplished that made a hug impact on the colony is he developed a constitution that reiterated the 1794 abolition of slavery and named himself the Governor for "The rest of his glorious life".

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https://www.google.com/maps/place/Valladolid,+Yucatan,+Mexico/@20.6881541,-88.2204457,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x8f510ada7bbef3f7:0xed7a1f8fe539aa31!8m2!3d20.68964!4d-88.2022488

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Simon Bolivar (1783-1830) was a Venezuelan military and political leader who played a major role in aiding Latin American countries in achieving independence from the Spanish Empire.
From a young age, Simon Bolivar was aware and supportive of the ideals of liberty among the Enlightenment. He also appreciated the principles and vision of the American and French revolutions. In 1813, he was given his first military command in Columbia, which was the beginning of his successful military campaigns as he worked to liberate Venezuela from Spanish forces. His campaigns enable him to become the president of Gran Colombia in 1821. Next he liberated Peru from the Spanish, decisively beating the Spanish in 1824. Bolivar resigned his presidency in 1830, turning down offers or permanent office. He died of tuberculosis towards the end of that year.

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After the independence of Brazil took place the first decades did not go very well. There were a series of regional revolts that resulted in thousands of deaths

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https://youtu.be/aIxdLmLzV_M

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On September 27, 1783 Agustin I was born. During his early life he. He was born as Agustín Cosme Damian de Iturbide y Arámburu in Valladolid, Michoacan.  In school he was really average and studied at Catholic seminary. He later than enrolled at a program for secular officials.

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On June third Dom Pedro convoked a legislative and costituent assembly and on september 7 on the plain of Ipiranga,

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Simon, Bolivar, in his short but eventful life accomplished much. This paragraphs purpose is to illustrate and highlight his victories. Simon Bolivar led many successful military campaigns that would eventually result in the liberation and independence of New Granada which includes several countries such as  Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. He laid the foundations of democracy and the ideals of a united Latin American confederacy. Once independence had been secured he became president of New Granada until one year before his death, when he resigned.

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Mexican Independence. Bicentenario México 2010

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https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ecuador/@-4.3065917,-81.9804526,5z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x902387dda89a4bd5:0x9d76af04119c3702!8m2!3d-1.831239!4d-78.183406

Pictured below is Ecuador, which also surrounds other countries that Bolivar liberated including, Peru, Venezuela, Colombia and Bolivia.

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Although a brilliant leader even Simon Bolivar experienced failure. In 1812 the Spanish defeated his commanders army and an armistice  was signed, putting Venezuela under Spanish control once again. Years later, civil war broke out and would eventually lead to another Spanish victory over Simon in 1814. He would flee to New Granada and then Jamaica where he would gain the support of Haiti. Finally, at the end of his presidency he would be unable to regain authority in the bickering countries and would resign.

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In 1797, Iturbride became apart of the royalist army in Spanish america. He eventually was offered a place in the revolutionary army but refused and stayed true to the royalists. After his victory of Jose Maria Morelos, he gained command Guanajuato and Michoacan. He was removed when he faced charges of extortion and violence.

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In 1823, Agustin I gave up his throne, and left for Italy, and then England. A year later, when he returned to Mexico, he was captured by the congress, which executed him four days later on July 19, 1824.

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L'Ouverture, Toussaint (1742-1803) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed

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An Online Reference Guide to African American History

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Simon Bolivar, in his actions, would earn the title, El Libertador (The Liberator). Throughout his life he would not only secure the Independence of many Latin American countries but would plant the seed of Democratic ideals and a united confederation. He would do all that he could to keep the countries under his rule, stable and free.

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https://goo.gl/maps/6ud1Rpa3Wfs

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Toussaint did not have many setbacks but one major one, he was born into slavery. His father was a price who was captured by slavers, leaving him only choice to have his son grow up a slave. He and his family were abused by the whites that owned the plantation that he grew up on. Many years later he ended up securing his freedom and being the next great ruler.

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His family fled Portugal to Brazil in order to avoid Napoleon's armies. He married an Austrian princess and in 1822 he declared Brazil an independent country and declared himself emperor. He accepted a constitutional monarchy, but was an absolutist in the way he ruled.