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Sam Conway
This Chapter was about the excessive amount of taxpayer dollars spent on keeping people in prison and how justice experts want to change that. I read about how people want to spend the money on associations that help to rehabilitate inmates and prevent future crime from occurring. They feel that by doing this they can keep more people out of prison, thereby reducing the cost it takes to maintain prisoners. They could then put that newly available money into more productive things such as healthcare and higher education. Some judges have resorted to using new punishments, such as shaming. These types of punishments were used in the past and judges thought, why not give them a try. Now instead of jail sentences some judges submit convicts to public shame. One man charged with accidental murder had to pace back and forth in front of a local bar holding a sign that said, “I killed two people while drunk driving”. This has proven to be very effective. I found it interesting to learn that many people are trying to get inmates out of prisons and into rehabilitation facilities.

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Makena Albright
Today I read a very informing non-fiction novel called Locked Up: A History Of The U.S. Prison System, by Laura B. Edge. Pages 61-79 (7&8)
In chapter 7 A Fight For Rights, the cruelty displayed against prisoners went under question. People throughout the U.S were outraged with how prisoners were being treated on death row and in their own cells. A case regarding Ernesto Miranda showed how law enforcement can sometimes be unfaithful to their teachings. The police did not give Ernesto his rights, and this ended in a tight legal battle which led the case to be viewed by the Supreme Court. Whether or not we should keep our death penalty was under fire for quite some time. Several new laws were introduced to keep the death law at bay and to allow prisoners their rights along with more. I agree with the idea that prisoners should be allowed more of their rights and unfair cruelty between the guards and prisoners should be demolished. "A man is a man until he has left this world." (SC).
In chapter 8 Getting Tough, crime rates were rising to a new high.  Between 1970's and 1980's the U.S. economy sagged, resulting in lots of offenders being pulled off the streets for the use of cocaine and stealing. Punishments for these crimes were under question due to whether or not they were strict enough, or if they even worked. Politicians came up with an idea of the "Three-Strikes Laws". Basically what it is, is that if a offender breaks 3 laws they are sentenced to life in prison. However this came into question due to the unfairness of the crimes one might commit. So many people were getting thrown into prison in U.S that most jails had to cram them in spaces not originally meant to hold prisoners. This overcrowding of prisons lead to many problems like diseases, fights, and escapes. To scare the public from committing crimes, a means of labor called "A gain chain" was used to show people the effect of committing crimes. In the 1990's a new prison was introduced to the U.S called "Supermax Prisons" These prisons served for the most dangerous criminals. They only got out of their cells for 1 hour out of 24 hours. Although, these "Supermax Prisons" showed more negative results then positive. Resulting in a large disagreement from the public. I felt a little bored reading all this information. For some reason, this topic does not really interest me. The only thing I truly felt was interesting was the disgusting and horrible thought of capital punishment.

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Sara Andrasek
Reading chapter 7 of “Locked Up” discussed some of the social injustices experienced in the prison systems during the 1960’s. One of the injustices author Laura B.Edge went over was Ernesto Miranda being denied his constitutional rights during his questioning. Miranda was accused of kidnapping and raping a select individual. When he was brought to a Phoenix, Arizona police station, the officers interviewing Miranda failed to mention his rights prior to questioning, this resulted in a very long court case that went all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court. He was eventually convicted guilty of kidnapping and rapping the said individual, but because of the trials the Miranda Law informs suspects of their constitutional rights before beginning questioning. I found this chapter to be very interesting and thought provoking. It opened my eyes to the fight for rights in prison systems.

Chapter 8, however, focused on the trend of crimes during the late 1960’s and early 1970’s. With crime rates going up (even involving gruesome murder), punishments needed to get stricter. “Lawmakers responded to voters in their districts by passing harsh new sentencing laws” author Laura B. Edge states.  More prisons were built and more police officers were hired to work longer shifts. In the early 1990’s a three-strike-law was passed that meant repeated crimes will not be tolerated (even if that was a crime as small as stealing a pizza). The death penalty was brought back and was heavily voted. I enjoyed reading this article. It showed some of the neglected facts of capital punishment.

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Gracie Spaar
Chapter 3 (24 to 33)
Today I read chapter 3 of Locked Up by Laura B. Edge. At the end of the Civil War in 1865, almost everything was completely destroyed. Many Irish, Italian, Jewish, and Chinese immigrants headed to the industrial cities of the North. Crime increased and therefore so did anxiety and fear. The 14th Amendment to the U.S.  Constitution passed in 1868. Female inmates made up a small segment in the prison population in the United States in the 1800s, also in the same prisons as men. New York lawmakers passed the Yates Law in 1888. As the United States expanded in the late 1800's, western lands opened up to settlement.  Until the late 1800's, children who committed crimes could be arrested, tried, and sent to adult prisons in most states. In 1899 Julia Lathrop and a group of women in Chicago, Illinois took action and pressured the Illinois legislators to create a separate court for children under the age of sixteen. States, private charities, and religious groups built reform schools and industrial schools to educate and inspire troubled youth. Reform-school programs focused on education and work. The goal was to teach strong work habits to the children so they could find jobs and earn a living after their release. Even after the ending of the nineteenth century, the prison inmates continued to rise. Scientists began to start studying criminal behavior and they’re looking for ways to treat criminals psychologically.

Chapter 4 (34 to 41)
Today I read Locked Up by Laura B. Edge. This chapter is about criminals and laws. It also talks about the progression era, what prison life is like, and some of the writings that prisoners wrote. I thought that this chapter was semi-interesting. It had many facts that were interesting and that appealed to me. There was also just some things in the text that kept me interested and into the story. A quote from the text that I thought was interesting was, "Just as physicians could diagnose and cure ailment of the body, psychologists and social workers should be able to diagnose and cure ailments of the mind." I just thought that this quote was interesting and I liked the facts behind it. To conclude, I thought that this chapter was interesting and I liked the facts in the text.

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Adriana Alas
At the end of the Civil War in 1865 everything was in ruins slaves were suddenly free. Irish, Jewish, Chinese and Italian immigrants went to industrial cities up north. Crime increased at this time so did fear and anxiety. As the crime rate rose, prisons became overcrowded. Released inmates often committed more crimes which made them end up back where they started. The fourteenth amendment passed in 1868 and guaranteed new free slaves equal protection under the law. Enoch Wines and Theodore Dwight visited several state prisons. They studied and wrote about the awful conditions they found. Wines played a key role in forming the National Prison Congress the met in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1870. The National Prison Congress made the Declaration of Principles. It was made to rehabilitate inmates. The Declaration of Principles had convicts not given a time to serve but had to show that they were good enough to leave. The prison guards decided the prisoners release date. Female inmates made a small part of the prison segment in the U.S. in the 1800’s. Then, a small group of women in New York, Massachusetts and Indiana crusaded as the “wayward girls”. They started building prisons for women and were run by women, they learned skills such as cooking, cleaning, laundering, sewing and knitting. Until the 1800’s children started committing crimes would be arrested and most of the time sent to adult prisons. Julia Lathrop and a group of women in chicago in 1899 took action. The women pressured Illinois legislators to make a separate prison for children under 16. In the Progressive Era scientists thought that most people committed crimes because they are physiologically or emotionally sick. Progressive reformers worked to improve penitentiary conditions. Thomas Mott Osborne was committed to reform. He volunteered to be an inmate at Auburn prison for a week and wrote “A prison should be a place of punishment, but not  a torture chamber; a healing hospital, but not a madhouse.”Over the next decade the reformer’s efforts made several improvements in the prison system. Prisons became cleaner, had larger libraries, relaxed the strict discipline and lockstep marching striped uniforms were gone at most prisons.

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Joel Davies

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Allison Quinn
Today I read Locked Up: A History of the U.S. Prison System chapters 5-6. Chapter 5 explained what prisons were like in the 1920’s and 1930’s. Prison buildings were put up all over the country, and they were overcrowded because American citizens were under a lot of stress during the Great Depression. It mentioned that celebrities all over the country were put behind bars. The government added multiple new laws, putting more people in prison. To deal with the overpopulation in jails, guards organized inmates by the crimes they committed, with the “hard-core criminals” where there were maximum security and individuals who could possibly be rehabilitated in areas with less security. Scientists tried thinking up ways to painlessly kill criminals on death row, such as breathing in poisonous gases. I thought these chapters were interesting because they were full of details about how prisons were like in the past, and how different criminals were treated differently.

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Elyssa Sledgen
In chapter seven, A Fight for Rights, there is many cases that showed what people did and how the U.S. government changed and was tougher on the death penalty. During the Vietnam war, the death toll rose and many Americans wanted to end the draft and the U.S. involvement in Vietnam. The U.S. government studied these environmental factors that cause crime and learned how to prevent it. The civil rights movement spread to U.S. prisons and many people worked to make the criminal justice system more humane. Then in 1965 the President’s Crime Commission was created so that the agency(s) could look at entire criminal justice system, including law enforcement, the courts, and prison. Throughout this period, many people questioned the legality of capital punishment and these legal challenges reached the Supreme Court later on. I think that having all of these changes and improvements were a good idea because having punishments that are inhumane is cruelty. When punishing someone for a mistake, the punishment should be based upon how dangerous or forbidden the mistake was. There should be no questions about what should happen and the death penalty should be used when it is most needed.
In chapter eight, Getting Tough, it talked about researchers studied rehabilitation programs in prison and were trying to find which programs would work well in the United State’s prisons. Many Americans thought that the criminal justice systems were too lenient and reports said that it seemed like prisons didn’t change criminals for the better. Later on in the 1990s the three-strikes law was passed to push tougher sentencing laws. Overcrowding was a problem in the U.S. and escapes, diseases, inmate-on-inmate violence increased in many prisons.Crimes committed by juveniles increased in the 1990s and people saw that there was a big growth of supermax prisons. Later on most Americans supported the death penalty and considered it just punishment for murders and other serious crimes. The tougher sentences, longer prison terms, and the death penalty have not eliminated crime in the U.S. and released prisoners still continue to commit new crimes. There should be more people learning lessons and that more of the government should make sure that the people in prison learn their lesson before they let out of prison no matter how long it takes. If someone just broke the law and harm anyone, then I think that they deserve to go to jail and that isn’t inhumane. If someone did harm or murder someone then they deserve the death penalty because that is worse than just breaking a smaller law.

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Donald Miller

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M'Lynn Poulson
Ch. 7 -  This section of the book was about a fight for equal rights in prisons. Equal rights inside the prison means that the guards are no longer allowed to abuse the prisoners. They have to be treated with respect. The prisoners are allowed to file lawsuits and make appeals if they feel they didn’t get a fair trial. This section explained how new laws enabled prisoners to prepare for life outside prison. Laws were changed in order to help rehabilitate convicted prisoners. The point of this section was to inform people that the conditions of the prison and the treatment of the prisoners was unjust.
Ch. 8 - Chapter 8 focused on the ongoing econmoy problems along with the rate of crime and how it spiked during those times of hardship throughout the 1960's and 1970's. Lawmakers noticed this and decided to make stricter laws, such as; instead of getting probation for a misdemeanor crime, you would get a prison sentence for a short amount of time. With the new and much stricter laws, more criminals were being put away, no matter how small or large the crime. The more prisoners there were needed to be put away, the more prisons they needed. The government instructed to build new prisons and hire more police officers and CEO's to run the prisons. This in turn created more jobs. In the beginning of 1990, the three-strike-law was passed. That meant that repeasted crimes would not be tolerated.

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Mia Kelley
In chapter 9 of Locked Up  by Laura B. Edge the author talks about different topics. She starts out talking about statistics and facts like how the United States has a higher percentage of people in prison than in any other nation. Also men are more likely to go to jail than women. She also includes parts about how to stay out of jail once you are released. There are certain programs that help a lot with this. In some cases instead of the criminal facing jail time they are put on probation, and supervised by a probation officer. Some judges have returned to the colonial sentence of shaming to punish people convicted of crimes. Certain programs specialize in different things like, drug use. In my opinion reading this and learning about how many people are locked up or in trouble is saddening. It's hard to comprehend being so young too, because honestly I don't understand why a lot of these things happen or why some of these people act in a certain way. In my mind I just want to know that the word is a good place and that everyone is sane and things are always going to be good but in the back of my mind I also know that that isn't true and most likely never will be.

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Kylie Post
Today I am reading chapters 5 and 6 of Locked Up by Laura B. Edge. Chapters 1 and 2: Based on what I read, I thought it was pretty interesting but also upsetting in some ways. It was cool to read because it talked about things I’m interested in, such as Alcatraz. It said how people were supporting death penalty during this time, which is what we are talking about in class. I think this way about the book because it talked about the Great Depression and how much crime was going on, and how people were living during it. It also talked about the different types of prisons they built back then (federal prisons, state prisons, maximum security prison's, minimum security prisons, so on). The book mentioned how the prisons were set up for the inmates/prisoners, and the good and bad things about the prison.

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Caitlyn Weller
Chapter 5- pages 42-50
Chapter 5- I am reading a book called "Locked up". In this chapter, they are talking about not having enough money during the Great Depression, so many people don't have a home, food, and clothing. So, many people are stealing food and things for their family. The government doesn't have enough money for the prisons. In this chapter, they mention and talk about many different prisons that opened throughout the years. They were thinking about putting the most dangerous criminals in the most secure prisons, and the least dangerous inmates, in simple, inexpensive prisons. They realized prison does little to prepare an inmate for a life outside of prison. They were planning on making sure the inmates had an education while in prison. They are also talking about the prison systems worked throughout the years, and how at "Alcatraz", a maximum security prison, they get food, clothing, shelter, and medical attention, but if they want to go to the exercise court or borrow books from the library, they had to earn it. A new prison built in the 1920s and 1930s called "The Big House", guards would stand in a tower in the center of the roundhouse in Illinois. In the 1930s, most Americans supported the death penalty. Some ways they would kill them would be to put them in electric chairs or breathing in poisonous gases. I believe the death penalty should only be used for people that has killed many people. I don't find interest in this chapter at all. It's something that I find boring.
Chapter 6- pages 51- 60
Chapter 6- They talked about the different laws and regulations and about the wars. They also mentioned how places were over populated. In 1939 a German dictator Adolf Hitler invaded Poland. He wants to dominate the world. Germany took over Denmark, Norway, and other places. Most Americans didn't want to send US troops to war. On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked US naval base unit at Pearl Harbor and killed more than 2,000 citizens. Many people donated blood for the Red Cross to help people who were injured in the war. In prisons, many inmates made supplies that were needed. In 1950, the FBI introduced a publicity campaign to help catch criminals. The "Ten most wanted" list gave names, descriptions, and photo graphs of the criminals. In 1957, FBI director J. Edgar Hoover began the "Top Hoodlum" program. He wanted to show that the FBI was fighting organized crime. The prison population grew in the 1950s. There was riots going on in the cells because the inmates claimed that the food was poorly made, the over population of prisoners needed to be fixed, and boredom. In the 1950s, the American Prison Association changed the name to American Correctional Association. The prisons were renamed to Correctional Institution. Juvenile crime increased in the 1950s. Many people blamed the rise of juvenile delinquency on the influence of mass media. Many experts thought it would be smart to create an organization called " Youth Correction Authority" to stop juvenile crime. The Supreme court ruled that separate schools for colored children and white children was unfair. The ruling paved for integration, one of the key goals of the modern civil rights movement. At the end of the chapter, they talked about colored neighborhoods and wanting to form a separate colored nation. A man named Malcolm X, inspired many people to fight for their civil rights. I found this chapter quite boring and very sad because of all the people who were injured in wars and lost family members.

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Makena Albright

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Sam Conway
This Chapter was about the excessive amount of taxpayer dollars spent on keeping people in prison and how justice experts want to change that. I read about how people want to spend the money on associations that help to rehabilitate inmates and prevent future crime from occurring. They feel that by doing this they can keep more people out of prison, thereby reducing the cost it takes to maintain prisoners. They could then put that newly available money into more productive things such as healthcare and higher education. Some judges have resorted to using new punishments, such as shaming. These types of punishments were used in the past and judges thought, why not give them a try. Now instead of jail sentences some judges submit convicts to public shame. One man charged with accidental murder had to pace back and forth in front of a local bar holding a sign that said, “I killed two people while drunk driving”. This has proven to be very effective. I found it interesting to learn that many people are trying to get inmates out of prisons and into rehabilitation facilities.

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Darragh Martin
Chapter 3- Today I read Locked Up by Laura B. Edge, chapter 3. This chapter gives information on how prison life was after freeing slaves and how different places organized their prison systems and how prisons changed from different years. The text also explained the privileges and how each prisoner was treated. For example, people went to prisons and studied them. When they studied them they found that the prisons had dreadful conditions. I think that the chapter I read today was kind of interesting because I learned how the prisons were back then and learned some facts on how prisoners were treated.
Chapter 4- Today I also read chapter 4 of Locked Up. The chapter is about the different laws that were made due to crimes that were being made. Another thing that the chapter talked about was the life in prison. For example, a retired businessman, Thomas Mott Osborne, volunteered to spend a week in a prison to see what life would be like. The text stated that, “he found that the prison was brutal and barbaric.” When he spent time there he didn’t think that it was a place for prisoners to be tortured, but he thought that it should be a place of punishment. I thought the chapter I read was kind of boring because I already knew all the things that happen to people in prisons from watching shows and reading.

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Takoda Wells

Today I read chapter 1 Locked Up  in the 1700’s crime was taken very seriously and often had harsh penalties. Whether made to embarrass or harm the felon, in Britain they had some unique ways of doing it. Hanging and whipping were the most common punishments. This surprised me that something so small like not going to church for one day could give the government the right to abuse you. It was also interesting to see that people of higher status did not receive near as harsh punishment.  Slaves were often beat for not doing their work or acting out. Fortunately slavery has ended and we see people as all equal. Now today, stealing would not get you the death penalty. Although it is not that our government is any less strict, it’s just that it is unreasonable to kill someone (without trial) on such a small offense.

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Liliana Goodrich
Chapter 3

Summary: Today I read Locked Up by Laura Edge. In Chapter 3, the author gave a view on prison life after the freeing of slaves. They talked about how when the slaves were released from slavery they were very poor and jobless. This created a lot of opportunity for crime in the places they lived (slums, ghettos), so many of the African Americans ended up imprisoned. Once many people (of all races and genders) began to be incarcerated, a prison reformer named Zebulon Brockway noticed that the prison system was not very effective on making the prisoners better people when they finished their sentence, and that the prisoners should be helped rather than be punished. Zebulon later got a chance in 1876 to put his ideas of prison reform into action and he became the first superintendent of the first reformatory prison in Elmira, NY. In his prison, inmates were separated into 3 grades, 1,2, and 3. 1 was the best and 3 was the worst. If prisoners continuously followed rules or worked hard they got bumped up a grade. In his prisons, he and the staff focused on giving his inmates education and teaching them work habits. This was thought to help prisoners really become better people when they went to prison. Although as more and more people were incarcerated, the system became less and less effective. The jails became crowded and many inmates found ways to fake becoming better (as a person) and working hard, so they were released and shortly after they would be back in the penitentiary. Later, it was found out by the public that the people who wouldn’t cooperate and were mentally challenged were often whipped. As the US became larger and spread into the West, regions without laws became widespread. Many jails in the west were overcrowded so escapes were common. On the other hand, children who committed any crimes were thrown into jail with adults and were influenced by them. A woman named Julia Lathrop spent her career in working to create a juvenile reformatory that could help correct young children’s behaviors.

Opinion: I think that it is interesting that people actually cared about how prisons were ran, and the best ways to make criminals better as a person.

Support: I think this because generally people don’t care about others who have made mistakes, and label them as a bad person.

Chapter 4
6 October 2017

Summary: Today I read Locked Up: A History of the US Prison System by Laura Edge, chapter 4 In the section “Progressive Era”, I read about how the population grew dramatically, which caused more opportunity for crime to grow in communities. With the large amount of people being put into jail, the prison system became less and less effective. Prison conditions were crammed and very unsanitary.  During the “Progressive Era”, crime was thought to be genetically inherited so people who committed any crimes were “sterilized”. This meant that they couldn’t have any children so they wouldn’t pass down the “crime” genes. Along with crime being thought to be genetically passed down, many reformers thought that crime could be cured with medicine just like any other sickness. Obviously, this wasn’t the case and crime was never cured. As time went on more reformers came up with ideas to end crime. They banned  things like alcohol, drugs, and created laws to “cure” crime. Every time a new law was made, there were always issues with them. The Prohibition, or banning of alcohol, proved to be ineffective when alcohol kept being sold illegally.  Additionally, in this era, parole and probation were used to treat inmates as individuals. It was used to guide prisoners after they were released from prison. As the number of people in parole and probation increased, parole officers had harder times monitoring the convicts.  When news came out about how ineffective the prison system was becoming, a man named Thomas Osborne came up with the ideal “prison”. In the penitentiary he was hired at he tried to put his ideas into action. He wanted the inmates to learn self-respect and responsibility before they came out of prison. Though, many people disagreed with Osborne’s system, so after only 2 years he was forced to resign and the system wasn’t used again.  Many of the ideals in the Progressive Era fell short of what they tried to be.

Opinion: I personally thought this section of reading wasn’t as interesting as Chapter 3.

Support: I think it is because there are more facts listed in this chapter, rather than it being almost like a story.

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Allie
Chapter one (pages 6 to 14) (Chapter one)  I am reading a booked called locked up, and this book is about prison systems in the early 1600s to 1700s starting off in England and ending up in America. Many crimes were punishable by death in England. Soon, there was too much crime, and it was a waste to put all these people away. So, they sent them off to the Americas to help the struggling people build homes, and plant crops, and feed the animals and so forth. So both sides won, England didn’t have too many people to be hung, and America was getting helped with getting started. Capital punishments were public and embarrassing. Some of the reasons they would even face these things were name-calling, swearing, lying, or skipping Sunday church. These things were faced with whipping, and all of their neighbors would watch, and because the towns were small, everyone knew everybody. Another punishment was something called the stocks. This is where there was a hole for a head and two feet. Then, while they couldn’t move, other people would throw rotten food, eggs, and even sometimes rocks. It was very embarrassing and could sometimes really hurt. As the 1700s came to an end, people soon realized that these things didn’t stop crime. Instead of public punishment, it went to imprisonment.  (Chapter two, pages 15 to 24)

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Dani Freer
Ch.1-  I read chapter 1 of Locked Up by Laura B. Edge pages 6 to 15. It is about the early ways of punishment from the 1700’s. There was one character introduced named Levi James. He confessed in September 1773, that he was part of a gang of robbers. He was later sentenced to be hung on October 21st. I think this chapter was really boring. The introduction just doesn’t suit my interests.

Ch. 2-  I also read chapter 2 of Locked Up pages 16 to 24. This chapter mainly talked about reforming. For example, missing church on Sunday was no longer a crime. There were different prisons who had different punishments. A prison in Auburn used the "Silent Treatment" meaning they could not talk at all. They working in silence and had very strong discipline. If they broke the rules they would be placed in solitary confinement. Later on, people realized that these solutions didn't stop crime. I thought this chapter was easier to comprehend and more intriguing than the last chapter. I thought learning about the different ways they used to punish criminals was interesting.

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Lea Moyer
5 October 2017

Today I read Locked up by Laura B. Edge, chapters 1 and 2. I learned, over the years what is considered to be a crime has changed. Serious crimes are called felonies and minor crimes are called misdemeanors. The fate of those criminals has changed as well, based on what they have done. Also, it could depend on who the person was, like the rich, or ministers; they wouldn’t receive a punishment as harsh. As we come closer to the present, the book states that William Penn was against harsh and cruel punishments. He thought it was better for hard labor or some work. And as more people came to these towns more crime occurred, for some it was the only way to get by. Many people felt bad for these prisoners and thought they should be given humane treatment. Many of these prisoners died of sickness or starvation; some were sent to prison because they couldn’t pay their bills. Then, the American Revolution U.S. leaders found ways to improve the laws. In result less people were killed and the cities grew more and more. As the cities grew people had less chance for jobs, which in result, the crime rate went up. Which then people looked at as if you were poor or had a bad up bringing. There were people who didn’t agree with the violence acts that was held upon a criminal. These people reduced the amount of killings and harsh punishments. Some were separated by silence and were isolated from others. They wanted these people to seek God and repent of their sins. I find the way of life, back then, to be horrible, how they murdered or used violence against every act. The only good outcome is when William Penn came and change the way of violence. Execution was barely ever used, but when he died that changed again. It wasn’t as bad as it was in the early years, but it still wasn’t great. I do believe that there should be solitary confinement, but they shouldn’t be tortured.