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Mary Shelley  was born on 30 August 1797 and she died  on February1851. She was an English novelist, short story writer, dramatist, essayist, biographer, and travel writer,  known for her Gothic novel Frankenstein: or, The Modern Prometheus (1818).
Mary Shelley's novels were successful because of the amount of questions and doubts they could raise, such as the origins of life, the role of science, the loneliness, and science fiction. The writer, in fact, also wrote "The Assassins" and "The Last Man" where Mary emphasizes the survivor of mankind, also called The Last Man, who becomes the only hope after a devastating epidemic that eradicated humanity .

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It is also the architectural style of the medieval age. In pre-romanticism there is a return to the images and scenery of  the dark and disturbing Middle Ages. This symbols, such as the castle and the church, enter the novel and assume a negative connotation.
With the sunset of the Enlightenment the themes of romantic literature become more obscure, irrational, monstrous and fantastic.

MAIN CHARACTERS:
- castles with hidden passages, secret rooms and obscure underground;
- persecuted girls;
- darkness and night scenery;
- atmosphere of mystery and fear;
- the disturbing supernatural;
- monsters and ghosts.

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Mary Shelley

Horace Walpole

Ann Radcliffe

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Horace Walpole;
Horace Walpole is considered the initiator of modern Gothic literature with the Castle of Otranto of 1764 and in the second edition of his work, he applied the word 'Gothic' to the novel in the subtitle – "A Gothic Story

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The Black Noir or novel is a variant of the literary police genre, and more specifically the hard-boiled subgenre, born in the United States.
Noir= mysterious, dark) or black novel.
Hard-boiled= English expression refers to a literary genre that finds its roots in the novels of Dashiell Hammett (authors of yellow novels).

Her most important novels: Sicilian novel (1790), The Forest novel (1791), The mysteries of Udolpho (1794) and L'Italiano (1797).

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Frankenstein:or the modern Prometheus (1818) written by Mary Shelley,  it is  defined one of the best Gothic novel in the romantic period.

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Robert Louis Stevenson
with the Gothic Novel  "The Strange Case by Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde", a story with a human with two personalities.