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state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.

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a clause exempting certain classes of people or things from the requirements of a piece of legislation affecting their previous rights, privileges, or practices.

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a practice intended to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating district boundaries.

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required a separate box for ballots for each office; a voter had to insert the ballot into the corresponding box or it would not count.

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a political coalition in the Southern United States during the Reconstruction Era that followed the Civil War.

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a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court issued in 1896. It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities.

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an Act of the United States Congress which empowered the President to suspend the writ of habeas corpus to combat the Ku Klux Klan .

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a key event in South Carolina during July 1876, leading up to the last election season of the Reconstruction Era.

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a Confederate States of America military officer during the American Civil War and politician from South Carolina.

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white supremacist paramilitary groups that were active in the late 19th century in the last years and after the end of the Reconstruction era of the United States.

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a political candidate who seeks election in an area where they have no local connections.

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a person who behaves badly but in an amusingly mischievous rather than harmful way; a rascal.

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a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land.

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commonly called the KKK or simply the Klan, is three distinct movements in the United States.

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laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.

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prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude".

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All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.

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Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

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a faction of American politicians within the Republican Party of the United States from around 1854 until the end of Reconstruction in 1877.

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an agency of the United States Department of War to "direct such issues of provisions".

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has two senses: the first covers the complete history of the entire country from 1865 to 1877 following the American Civil War the second sense focuses on the attempted transformation of the Southern United States.