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"He Kept Us Out of War"/Election of 1916

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"He Kept Us Out of War"/Election of 1916

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Slogan used in Wilson's campaign for reelection; used to make it seem like Wilson kept America out of WW1.

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Amendment that outlawed discrimination based on gender.

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Proposal made by FDR to "reform" the Supreme Court by adding a new justice for each justice over the age of 70.

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Catholic priest that used radio to communicate to large audiences.

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Called for restrictions on the wealthy through his "Share the Wealth" program.

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Revolved old age pensions within the depression and influenced the creation of social security.

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Created by the Social Security Act of 1935; benefited retirees and the unemployed by giving them money.

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FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; created by the Glass-Steagall Act (recovery/reform).
AAA: Agricultural Adjustment Act (relief/recovery).
CCC: Civilian Conservation Corps (relief/recovery).
TVA: Tennessee Valley Authority (relief/recovery).
NLRB: National Labor Relations Board (reform).
WPA: Works Progress Administration (recovery).
NRA: National Recovery Administration (recovery/reform).

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British economist that came up with Keynesian economics - government spending should increase during times of economic hardship and slump during business booms.

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The three components of the New Deal.
Relief: Help those that were hardest hit by depression; included social security and unemployment insurance.
Recovery: Get the economy back to normal.
Reform: Balance the interest of farmers, business, and labor.

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During his first 100 days of office, FDR called a special session to launch his New Deal, a movement that included programs to combat the depression; used government spending to increase the economy and increase the power of federal intervention in social and economic life.

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Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR)/Fireside Chats

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Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR)/Fireside Chats

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Democratic President that served 4 terms; got rid of laissez-faire government in regards to big businesses in efforts to bring the country back from the Great Depression; well-known for his "fireside chats" (informal addresses over the radio) that gained a lot of popularity and increased the confidence of Americans.

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Supreme Court upheld the Espionage Act and limited the First Amendment right to free speech.

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Candidate for the Socialist Party that was imprisoned for his anti-war speech.

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Policy created to make it a crime to speak against war bonds.

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Policy created to forbid actions going against military recruitment/order; Postmasters authorized to remove Leftist materials from mail.

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Anti-German sentiment directed towards German-Americans during the war; included "Amercanization" of their names and persecution, among others.

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Government office committed to winning American support for the war; created pro-war propaganda and groups to garner more patriotism.

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Independent Congressional agency that can make rules concerning certain activities and bring violators to court.

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Progressive governor that opposed big businesses and political machines; pressured state legislatures to require each party to hold a direct primary.

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Voters directly select the candidates that will run for office; proposed by Progressives.

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Initiative: People have the right to propose a new law.
Referendum: The people can approve/veto a law passed by the legislature.
Recall: People can petition and vote for elected officials to be removed from office.

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Led the movement to legalize birth control; created the American Birth Control League, which later became Planned Parenthood.

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Organization created to keep voters informed about candidates and issues.

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Gave (white) women the right to vote.

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Militant suffragists who protested several different ways to convince government to give them the right to vote.

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Leader of the National Women's Party; campaigned for an Equal Rights Amendment.

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Former principal and school reporter that became the head of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA).

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Labor movement during WW2 that allowed Mexican workers to temporarily work in the US on agricultural work and to makeup for wartime shortages.

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Migration of African-Americans from the South to other parts of the US during and after WW2.

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Homefront movement during the war when Americans were encouraged to conserve materials to help the soldiers.

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Following the Pearl Harbor attack, Japanese-Americans and Japanese immigrants were forced to live in camps out of fear of more attacks on the US.

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Important Black figure that encouraged African-Americans to move to Africa; met with the KKK to develop plans to move blacks to Africa.

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Langston Hughes (poet), Duke Ellington (composer), Louis Armstrong (trumpeter), Bessie Smith (singer)

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Sub-era of the Harlem Renaissance and the Roaring 20s in which jazz music and dance became popular.

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African-American artistic movement in New York City; writers, poets, painters, and musicians collaborated to voice their experiences with racism.

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Formed to help African-Americans migrate to the North; "Not Alms But Opportunity."

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Important Black figure that opposed Washington's plan; felt that "ceaseless agitation" would lead to equality, and his Niagara Movement led to the creation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

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Former slave and popular African-American figure; believed that Blacks needed to accept segregation in order to overcome inequality.

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Faced heavily by African-Americans, alongside other people of color. Led to struggles with housing, jobs, economy, education, and others.

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Philosopher and educator that pushed for education that was creative and flexible and allowed for students to learn practical knowledge.

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Philosopher who developed the concept of pragmatism (everything has a purpose).

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Mainly consisted of professionals, businessmen, and traders; focused on family and homes, and lived in large houses (big targets of consumerism).

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Xenophobic attitudes directed towards Asian immigrants and Asian-Americans. Highlighted through increases in policies to limit the amount of Asian immigrants and the creation of internment camps following Pearl Harbor.

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Causes of World War 2:
Depression
Expansionism
Appeasement
Dictatorships

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Causes of World War 1:
Militarism
Alliances
Nationalism
Imperialism
Assassination

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Movement of African Americans from the South to North for better job opportunities. Left the South due to threats by the KKK and struggles with sharecropping.

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Causes of the Great Depression:
Credit
Overproduction
Speculation
Tariffs
Stock Market Crash

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Group of 20,000 WWI veterans that marched to Washington to protest the lack of service/money that the government paid them after fighting in the war (these veterans were hard-hit by the Depression).

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Economic crisis and period of low business activity worldwide.

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Raised tariffs on many imported goods and had high opposition from American trading partners. Some believe that this might have worsened the Great Depression.

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Policy that created 12 district banks that would lend money at discount rates and loosen/tighten credit with the nation's needs.

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Buying stock by only paying for a portion up-front and promising to pay off the rest eventually.

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Black Tuesday/Stock Market Crash (Oct. 29, 1929)

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Black Tuesday/Stock Market Crash (Oct. 29, 1929)

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NY Stock Exchange crashed; marked the beginning of the Great Depression (1929-1939).

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Era of high economic prosperity, leading up to the Stock Market Crash. Defined by flappers and increase in automobiles.

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The concentration on producing and distributing goods for a market that must constantly grow; producers told consumers that buying radios, cars, and movies would "up one's status."

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System that increased worker productivity and product output.

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Founded the Ford Motor Company; known as the "Father of Assembly Lines."

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Created the management theory in which efficiency experts are used to examine work operations and found out ways to minimize the time needed to complete each task.

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Economic system that is free from state intervention and control, like through tariffs and government monopolies.

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Period between the war recession and the Great Depression; included flourishing and thriving social status.