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Their Involvement / Accomplishments / Failures 

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Their Involvement / Accomplishments / Failures 

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1. Napoleon Bonaparte
-organized most of France's invasions and became the figurehead of the French Revolution
(ex: invasion of Italy 1796-1797, leads a strong army in this conquest
-Failed to invade Russia: soldiers unprepared to face harsh natural conditions and lost the Battle of Waterloo against the British and Prussians.
2. Jacobins
-major group leading the revolution (instrumental in the reign of terror)
-disbanded once after Louis XVI's removal and permanently in 1794 after it became a symbol of dictatorship and terror
3. Louis XIV
-executed after found guilty of conspiring against the revolution
-was a weak leader that did not command the same authority as Louis XIV
-establish strong military and was France's longest reigning monarch
4. First Coalition
-banded against France
-uncoordinated and had no succesful cooperation
-failed to defeat France in the end
5. Second, Third, Fourth Coalitions
-each more organized than the last
-common goal against France
-also failed to defeat France

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April 1793: The Committee of Public Safety

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April 1793: The Committee of Public Safety

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The Convention formed the Committee of Public Safety to deal with the threats being directed to France, whether they were from within or outside of France. Maximilien Robespierre held dictatorial power within the committee, so he had the power to use whatever force necessary to defend the Revolution. Some of the French disliked the power held by the committee and revolted, and the republic's armies were driven back. Three months later, in July 1793, only the places near Paris and on the eastern frontier were held by the central government.

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September 1793 - July 1794: The Reign of Terror

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September 1793 - July 1794: The Reign of Terror

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The Committee of Public Safety aimed to achieve republican unity across the nation. They economically reformed France by telling craftsmen what to produce, nationalizing small workshops, and requisitioning raw materials and grain, which created a form of socialism. It created a scare among people who owned property and developed socialist ideology. By July 1794, the central government reasserted control over the provinces. The French also kept the Austrian Netherlands and the Rhineland. In addition, the French republic's victory over the First Coalition led to nationalism. The French developed an emotional commitment to the nation, and they viewed the war against foreign nations as a struggle between good and evil.

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February 1793: Increase in International Tensions

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February 1793: Increase in International Tensions

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The National Convention declared war on Britain, the Dutch Republic, and Spain. Seeing that they were also at war with Austria and Prussia already, republican France was at that point at war with almost all of Europe. Sadly, even the people within France were fighting against each other. In western France, peasants revolted against being drafted into the army. Catholics, royalists, and foreign agents encouraged the peasants to revolt, and the counter-revolutionaries recruited armies.

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He joins the army in March 1796 with 37,000 men to command. During April, he leads the men into a series of many victories in Austria which brought the spirit of the soldiers up. After a month of his rule he made a proclamation ,"Soldiers! In fifteen days you have gained six victories, taken twenty-one colors and fifty-five pieces of artillery, seized several fortresses and conquered the richest parts of Piedmont." Also, Napoleon gains the land of Sardinia as they want to make peace with France. He thought that if France attacked Egypt it would disrupt Britain's communications with India. Napoleon's worst military strategy is his Syrian campaign. This failure made it seem as if it was his last bid of power.

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April 1792: France declares war on the Habsburg monarch

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April 1792: France declares war on the Habsburg monarch

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Prussia joined Austria against France, who broke and fled at their first military encounter with the First Coalition united against the Revolution. France's fight against tyranny didn't go so well at first. So, the Legislative Assembly decided that France was in danger, and during that time, rumors of treason by the king and queen spread. After Louis was imprisoned, angry crowds broke into prisons because they feared invasion by the Prussians and thought that counter-revolutionaries would help invaders and fight against supporters of the French Revolution.

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August 1791: The Declaration of Pillnitz

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August 1791: The Declaration of Pillnitz

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The monarchy and nobility of Europe welcomed the French Revolution in the beginning, but they started to fear its impact when the royal family was arrested in June 1791 when they tried to flee France. Supporters of the Revolution believed that it was proof that the king was trying to receive foreign support for an invasion of France. The monarchs of Austria and Prussia thought that their arrest was unacceptable, so they issued the Declaration of Pillnitz, which claimed that they were willing to intervene in France to restore the rule of Louis XVI. However, they misjudged the situation because of the newly formed Legislative Assembly that consisted of the members of the Jacobin Club. The Jacobins opposed the Declaration of Pillnitz, and they countered the kings of Europe by threatening to go to war against kings.

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The picture shows France and Austria at war in 1792. The Legislative Assembly declared war on Austria on April 20, 1792.

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This picture shows the Reign of Terror, a 1 year period from 1793-1794 in which the Committee of Public Safety executed thousands of people. The Reign of Terror occurred under Robespierre and every person suspected of opposing the revolutionary government was tried and executed.

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This picture shows British ships. In 1794 the British seized French islands and later on in 1795 they seized Spanish and Dutch islands.

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This picture shows one of the peasant revolts in 1793. The revolts began after France's declaration of war against Britain, the Dutch Republic, and Spain. They were the result of drafts within France that angered the peasants.

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This picture shows France and Britain at war. France declared war on Britain in 1793 after the execution of Louis XVI.

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France was known to be at war from 1793 to 1796 with Britain. In 1794, Howe commanded the Channel Fleet and disrupted the French fleet at the beginning of the Wars of the French Revolution in the Battle of the First of June. While he destroyed a French squadron in the Atlantic, he failed in his primary purpose of destroying a rich convoy. This convoy was on its way from America to France and a convoy is a group of ships travelling together accompanied by armed troops and warships. This effected overall France in the revolution because complete destruction of the fleet could have lead to the lack of fight force of France.