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Clayton Anti-trust Act
This law had several important effects. The law made it more difficult for monopolies to form, said that the people who ran a company could be held personally responsible if the company violated a law, and ruled that labor unions and farm organizations were not themselves to be considered trusts. This made strikes, peaceful picketing, and boycotts legal.
Federal Trade Act
The second antitrust measure was the Federal Trade Act of 1914, which set up the Federal Trade Commission.
Underwood Tariff
He supported the Underwood Tariff of 1913, which lowered tariffs for the first time since the Civil War.
16th Amendment
The tax on people's earnings was created by the Sixteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which was ratified by the states in 1913.
Federal Reserve System
Wilson turned his attention to the banking system. It was difficult for people far from banking centers to obtain credit, the new Federal Reserve System solved this problem by dividing the country into 12 districts, each with a federal bank.
19th Amendment
At last, in 1919 Congress passed the Nineteenth Amendment, this amendment giving women the vote was ratified by the states the next year.
Wilson and Civil Rights
Wilson backed away from civil rights, at first he claimed he supported African Americans and promised to speak out against lynching. However, once he was president he opposed federal laws against lynching. He even chose cabinet members who extended segregation.

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Payne-Aldrich Tariff
The revised bill did not lower tariffs much at all. The progressives in Taft's own Republican Party were annoyed.
Firing of Gifford Pinchot
Ballinger wanted to free up land for forestry and mining, he wanted to sell some land for private uses. When he did that, Pinchot complained. Pinchot accused him of misusing the natural resources for commercial interests, as a result of Pinchot's criticism Taft felt he had to fire him from the U.S. Forest Service.
Support for Joe Cannon
Taft supported political boss Joseph Cannon, Cannon was Speaker of the House of Representatives, and he ran the House his own way. Under Cannon, the House often did not even vote on progressive bills.
Republican Party Split
The Republican party split over how to handle Cannon. This gave the Democrats a chance to take over the House in the 1910 midterm elections. Democrats had control of the House for the first time in almost 20 years.
Loss in the Election of 1912 against Wilson and Roosevelt
In all, about 75 percent of the vote went to candidates who favored economic reform-Wilson, Roosevelt, and Debs.

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Square Deal
The square deal was President Theodore Roosevelt's program of progressive reforms designed to protect the common people against big business and monopolistic trusts. It also protected businesses from unfair practices by labor unions.
Trust Busting
Roosevelt supported big businesses but he also wanted to stop trusts that harmed people.
!902 Coal Miners Strike
In 1902 about 140,000 coal miners in Pennsylvania went on strike. The mine owners refused to negotiate with them so President Roosevelt called both sides to talk. He threatened to have the government take over mines, the two sides agreed to have an arbitration commission help settle their difference.
Meat Inspection Act/Pure Food and Drug Act
After reading "The Jungle" by Upton Sinclair, Roosevelt pushed for passage of the meat Inspection Act. This law called for strict cleanliness requirements for meatpackers. it created a program of federal meat inspection./Also in  1906 Congress passed the Pure Food and Drug Act which halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling.
Conservation of Natural resources and Land
John Muir persuaded Roosevelt to set aside 148 acres of forest reserves and other land for waterpower sites and mineral and water resources. Roosevelt and Pinchot believed in the conservation of land which meant that some land should be preserved as wilderness while other areas would be developed for the common good.
Civil Rights
He supported African Americans like Booker T. Washington but he did not help African Americans in general. In 1909 black leaders including W.E.B. Du Bois, founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People