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A mechanical wave is a wave that is an oscillation of matter, and therefore transfers energy through a medium.

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a wave vibrating in the direction of propagation.

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A transverse wave is a moving wave that consists of oscillations occurring perpendicular (right angled) to the direction of energy transfer (or the propagation of the wave).

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The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. In dry air at 0 °C, the speed of sound is 331.2 metres per second.

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The speed of light in vacuum, commonly denoted c, is a universal physical constant important in many areas of physics. Its exact value is 299,792,458 metres per second.

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In physics, electromagnetic radiation refers to the waves of the electromagnetic field, propagating through space time, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy.

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The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light.

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Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time. It is also referred to as temporal frequency, which emphasizes the contrast to spatial frequency and angular frequency.

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the maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from the position of equilibrium.

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In physics, the wavelength of a sinusoidal wave is the spatial period of the wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats, and thus the inverse of the spatial frequency.