# data[].attributes.body
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/harlem-renaissance

HISTORY.com

The website provided by history.com provides a general overview of The Harlem Renaissance era.  It helped me learn the reasons why this era came at the time it did through explaining the situation of the United States at the time.  Sharecropping, natural disasters destroying farmland and a population boom are mentioned on the site as reasons why African Americans were moving out of rural farm life and into urban cities.  The website is organized effectively with its use of videos, font sizing, and additional information topics.  I liked how this site focused mainly on famous African American musicians and the Jazz era.

# data[].attributes.body
The Library of Congress Virtual Tour
https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/harlem/harlem.html

I found the interactive web guide to the Harlem Renaissance a helpful tool to gain interesting information for this time period.  A lot of information is included on this website such as photography collections, primary sources and biographies on influential African American figures such as Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, etc.  This website also includes a collection of 2,900 documents representing work of more than 300 writers during this era.  I liked how this website focuses on a variety of different art forms that emerged at this time.  It is easy to navigate and includes lots of visual elements, making it easier to understand the culture and changes that took place during the 1920’s.

# data[].attributes.body
The Jazz Age - https://www.allaboutjazz.com/the-harlem-renaissance-and-american-music-by-mike-oppenheim.php

I found this website to be very informative on the Jazz Age that took place during the Harlem Renaissance.  The website itself is very simple to read and divides each topic up in a logical way.  I like how the website talks about the country's shift at this time towards more racial pride and self confident identity which evolves in the black community.  The website also discusses specific works created at the time such as, George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess and Duke Ellington’s Black, Brown, and Beige. This helps the reader understand the type of work created and the attempt to show the history of African Americans through songs, books, etc.

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/02/03/black-history-harlem-renaissance/22825245/

This website shows a personal and cultural effect the Harlem Renaissance artists had on individuals and how the same motivations for music can be shown in today’s society and music business. Ancestors passing dying from the result of an unfair violent treatment motivated many artists at the time in their work.  The pain, suffering and other emotions people felt, drives them to create.  This motivation deriving from emotions and experiences felt by individuals and groups was prevalent in the 1920’s and can be seen in almost any industry today, such as fashion, music, art, etc.

# data[].attributes.body
A video on The Harlem Renaissance and the cultural changes that arose during this time period-  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJniSeLewR0

# data[].attributes.body
Harlem Wine, by Countée Cullen, is about Harlem and its unstoppable talent and artistic expression. The Harlem Renaissance was the for blacks to grow and expand into musicians and singers and artists. Cullen is describing the new and unknown Harlem as "wine" being "thick rebellious streams", in contrast to the rest of New York, old and known, as plain and simply "water". Overall, this poem is a homage to the Harlem Renaissance and how it spread no matter the roadblocks in the way. Cullen uses symbolism throughout the poem to describe the positive things happening in Harlem as "wine" and everything else that wasn't as "water".

# data[].attributes.body
A Great Day in Harlem or Harlem 1958 is a 1958 black and white group portrait of 57 notable jazz musicians photographed in front of a brownstone building in Harlem, New York City. The photo has remained an important part in the study of the Jazz Era and Harlem Renaissance. I really like the photograph because it shows the community and how they were like family.  It demonstrates the strong bond musicians and artists felt between each other.   The photograph appeared in the January 1959 edition of Esquire.  Some even consider it to be the most celebrated ensemble jazz portrait of all time

# data[].attributes.body
The Crisis, which was the official monthly publication of the NAACP, began in 1910 with the editor and founder, W. E. B. DuBois. It became known for its radical position against lynching, racial prejudice and reflected the ideas by Dr. Bois. It became a popular series among African Americans.  Until 1919, the magazine sold a copy for 10 cents and produced 80,000 copies monthly. During the Harlem Renaissance, many writers contributed their work to the magazine which highlighted the cultural movement that was taking place at the time.

# data[].attributes.body
Renaissance- a rebirth or revival of intellectual or artistic achievement

Advent- an arrival that has been awaited

Optimistic- hopeful that the best will happen in the future

Jim Crow- often used to describe the segregation laws, rules, and customs, Laws written to separate blacks and whites in public areas/meant African Americans had unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government

NAACP- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to work towards racial equality

Cotton Curtain- the divide between North and South

Scapegoat- someone punished for the errors of others

The American Dream- An ideal state of success that involves owning a house, being able to provide for your family and attain certain material objects.

Minority- a group in a society distinguished from, and less dominant than, the more numerous majority.

Great Migration- the movement of 6 million African-Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that occurred between 1916 and 1970.

# data[].attributes.body
African Americans had endured centuries of slavery and the struggle for freedom. The end of their bondage did not bring the future they envisioned for a promised land. Instead, white supremacy was quickly, legally, and violently restored to the New South, where ninety percent of African Americans lived. Following World War I, many African Americans moved north from the south seeking new opportunities. The Great Migration was a time when While moving to these cities, African Americans found opportunity both economically and artistically.   Unfortunately, some northerners did not welcome African Americans with open arms. While the legal systems of the northern states which were not pro African American rights, they faced prejudice and racial discrimination. This led to the rise of hate groups such as the KKK. White laborers complained that African Americans were flooding the employment market and lowering wages. Most new migrants found themselves segregated by practice in run-down urban slums, the largest of these was Harlem. Writers, actors, artists, and musicians glorified African American traditions, and at the same time creating new ones.  African Americans were encouraged to embrace being black and celebrate their heritage to become "The New Negro." African American poets started incorporating their culture into their poems and how to rise above the oppression of racism, poverty, and fate.

# data[].attributes.body
After World War 1, black soldiers returned from Europe and searched for their unique place in the nation they fought so hard to protect. For the first time, both whites and blacks in America were acknowledging a new national identity. The Harlem Renaissance was a time that African-American cultural movement that flourished throughout the 1920s and into the 1930s. Called the 'New Negro Movement' during its time, Harlem Renaissance artists, writers, and musicians developed new ways to express African-American pride.  The Harlem Renaissance helped to redefine how Americans and the world understood African American culture. It integrated black and white cultures and marked the beginning of a black urban society. The Harlem Renaissance set the stage for the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 60s.   Nightclubs such as the Cotton Club and Connie’s Inn, which became especially popular in the late 1920s. In conclusion, the Harlem Renaissance where African Americans showed their unique racial identity by expressing it through various art forms and writing.