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The particle theory of matter says that matter consists of very small particles which are constantly moving. Particle model of: Solid, Liquid and Gas. All matter is made up of particles and they move differently depending on their type :(Solid, Liquid or Gas). Particle theory helps to explain properties and behaviors of certain particles and models. Particle theory also helps to explain the difference between heterogenous mixtures and homogenous mixtures.Particle Model theory explains the difference between Solid, liquids and gases. Particle model theory differentiates all matter and explains there motion and flow.
5 key components of particle theory:

1. All matter is made up of tiny particles

2. All particles of one substance are the same

3. Different substances are made up of different particles

4. Particles are always moving(more energy the faster they move) gases move the fastest they are in constant movement.

5. There are attractive forces between particles.(forces are stronger when particles are close together.

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What is the difference between a solid, liquid and gas particle?

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What is the difference between a solid, liquid and gas particle?

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Solid: Solid particles have a fixed shape and cannot flow because they are held tightly together by a strong attraction present in the object. They are held in fixed positions but they do vibrate. Solids have an definite shape and volume and can’t flow.
Liquid: Liquid particles have indefinite shape but definite volume. The particles in a liquid are close together but are able to move/slide and flow past each other. Unlike gases a liquid will not spread out and fill a container.

Gas: The particles of gas move quickly and are able to spread apart from one another. Gas vibrate and move at high speeds and are able to flow efficiently. Gas particles have an random arrangement which also allows them to move faster in all directions.

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Matter either absorbs loses its energy when it changes states. For example when matter changes from liquid to solid it loses its energy. The opposite happens when solid changes to liquid. For a solid to change to a liquid it must use all of its energy from its surroundings. Matter can change in:size, shape or form depending on appearance.
Solids: Particles of solids are capable of melting into liquids. There is a special melting point which is above 0 degrees, which will allow the solid to melt into a liquid. Adding heat to a solid substance can cause it to melt and adding cold air can cause to freeze. Melting occurs when the internal energy of the solid increases by heat or pressure. This increases the substances temperature to the melting point.
Liquid: Evaporation happens when a liquid turns into a gas. When water is heated it evaporates. The molecules move and vibrate so quickly that they escape into the air as molecules of water vapor. Not all of the molecules in liquid have the same energy to do so. When water is boiled water particles release into the air due to high temperatures, this soon creates gas. Liquids are also capable of transferring into a solid, this state is called the freezing state. When a greater amount of heat is removed from a liquid the molecules start to attract which will allow the liquid to change states.
Gas: The process were gas molecules leaving the liquid to go into air particles is called evaporation. The opposite process is called condensation. This occurs when the temperature of the liquid cools down.

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Ways heat is produced in particle theory

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Ways heat is produced in particle theory

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All heat is made by fire. But heat can be generated in many ways such as: burning/mixing a substance with another. When heat is added to a substance the molecules and atoms vibrate and move faster. As atoms move faster the space between particles separates. The motion of molecules and atoms creates thermal energy which is present in all matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas. As air is heated, the particles gain heat energy allowing them to move faster and further apart, carrying the heat energy with them. Heat energy is also capable of transferring from one object to another by conduction.Particles in a solid vibrate more when heated and take up more space. All particles in gas tend to move faster and take up more space when heated just as if solids would.
Ways heat energy is produced:

Mechanical energy

Thermal energy created by motion of atoms and molecules

Electrical energy created through large machines and turbines

Chemical energy is created when molecules in our food are broken down into smaller pieces, the atoms break loose which will cause a chemical reaction.

Light energy created by the sun

Radiation energy

All these modes of energy can cause a substance to heat up increasing the speed of its molecules.
Solids when heated: vibrate more and tend to take up more room.
Liquid when heated: move around eachother more and take up more space
Gas when heated: the particles in gas move quickly in all directions and take up more room. During the change of state the average energy of the particles remains the same, but the particles are re-organizing them selves.

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Does matter change in volume when heated?

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Does matter change in volume when heated?

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Most matter increases in volume when heat energy is applied. This happens because the mass of the rod stays the same, but its volume increases. The increase in the volume of matter with increasing temperature is called expansion. When matter is cooled down most matter decreases in volume and increases in density. This decrease in volume is called contraction. Not all matter has the ability to increase in volume.
Liquid: Liquid has a fixed volume but its shape changes to fill the shape of a container that is added into. When a liquid is heated it transfers into gas, gas specifically does not have a definite volume or shape! When there is an increase in temperature of the molecules, water may expand or move farther apart. When the volume of water increases it becomes less dense.
Solid: The molecules in a solid are in a fixed position and the volume does not happen to change. Although the molecules vibrate when heated they do not move from one part of the solid to another in motion.
A solid does not change its shape or volume.
Gas: Gas has a volume that is capable of changing to the volume of its container. The molecules in gas are very far apart unlike solids or liquids. The amount of space between gas molecules change very quickly

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States Of Matter - Solids, Liquids & Gases | Properties of Matter | Chemistry | FuseSchool