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Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and society. It examines the impact of language in society and society on language. Linguists investigate how language is acquired and processed in the brain, and they also investigate how language is structured and used in society. There are many specific topics linguists focus on pertaining to sociolinguistics, because it requires further attention and they wish to conduct research on it. Linguists, such as William Labov, conduct research to determine how certain factors in society may affect language, and how speakers of a language or languages impose those factors in society.

William Labov is an American linguist who was concerned about the study of sociolinguistic variation. He contributed to variation research when he decided to investigate the English language of New York City. He held interviews with native speakers of English in the Lower East Side of Manhattan, and he used the data from his research to examine sociolinguistic variables.

One of those sociolinguistic variables included the alternation between velar [η] and alveolar [n] in the suffix "-ing." The velar [η] was the standard pronunciation and alveolar [n] was the non-standard pronunciation. Labov used styles of speech to illustrate the use of both pronunciations between social classes. His analysis of this variation targets other factors that influence language variation.

Class, ethnicity, and gender are three social factors that play a role in language variation. Class is the structure of relationships between groups where people are classified based on their education, occupation, and income. Ethnicity refers to a group of people that share cultural characteristics and gender deals with the traits associated with men and women. This division among groups in each factor contributes to the differences of their use of the English language. The data collected by the researchers, which were displayed in graphs, tables, and charts, shows how each researcher has a different approach constructing their project, but continues to focus on the same subjects about the variation in language.

Labov's study addresses and depicts how class, ethnicity, and gender influences language variation. One example of how class affects language variation is evident in the New York City study by Labov. He displays the social classes in four classes: the lower working class, the upper working class, the lower middle class, and the upper middle class. He also displays the styles of speech in three styles, which are casual, careful conversation, and reading. According to the data, the upper middle class speakers almost always use the standard ing variant and the lower working class speakers almost always use the non-standard in variant. Each class prefers the use of one pronunciation over the other regardless, of the style of speech. However, the lower working class shifted from using in in casual speech to using ing in the reading style.

Ethnic groups affect language variation, because they usually have to learn the language that is prominent in an area. Although they view language as a part of their identity, they have to compromise their languages and substitute it with another, or combine both languages. Ethnic groups learn the dominant language in an area when the majority of the people speak that language. Their variety of the dominant language is called the "substrate," because it shows the differences between it and their language. Immigrants that arrive in a new location quickly learn the dominant language. Their language is called the "adstrate," and it affects the way they speak the dominant language. The adstrate and substrate could create a variety of the dominant language, and would differ from the normal version of the language.

Gender affects language variation by influencing the language choice between men and women. A man and a woman's speech differ from one another in matters of degree. Men's language can be direct, non-standard, and aggressive. Women's language can be less harsh, emotional, and standard. Many languages have alternative forms that are used only by men or by women. In some cases, the men and women speak different dialects, or they don't speak the same language to each other. But I don't agree with this, because it hinders the communication process between men and women. It also makes it difficult for each gender to fully understand the opposite sex.

Variation in language is an important topic in sociolinguistics, because it refers to social factors in society and how each factor plays a role in language varieties. Languages vary between ethnic groups, social situations, and specific locations. From Labov's study, people can determine that variation is a characteristic of language that can be influenced by class, ethnicity, and gender. People notice these variations by interacting with people from different ethnic backgrounds and people with different social standings. According to his research, Labov realized that there are many ways of speaking, and each way of speaking is influenced by social factors in a society.

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How Language Changes Due To Social Factors In Society

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Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and society. It examines the impact of language in society and society on language. Linguists investigate how language is acquired and processed in the brain, and they also investigate how language is structured and used in society.

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Spanish Ask a Teacher with Rosa - Which Spanish Should I Learn?

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How to Learn Spanish FAST on your own time: http://www.SpanishPod101.com/video Sign up for your FREE Lifetime Account right now. In this lesson, you'll learn the answer to the question 'What Are the Differences Among Spanish Dialects?' Also, please LIKE, SHARE and COMMENT on our videos! We really appreciate it. Thanks!

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If you study Spanish long enough, sooner or later you'll hear a tale about Spanish King Ferdinand, who supposedly spoke with a lisp, causing Spaniards to imitate him in pronouncing the to be pronounced with the "th" sound of "thin."

In fact, some readers of this site have reported hearing the tale from their Spanish instructors.

It's a great story, but it's just that: a story. More precisely, it's an urban legend, one of those stories that is repeated so often that people come to believe it. Like many other legends, it has enough truth-some Spaniards indeed do speak with something that the uninformed might call a lisp-to be believed, provided one doesn't examine the story too closely. In this case, looking at the story more closely would make one wonder why Spaniards don't also pronounce the letter s with a so-called lisp.

One of the basic differences in pronunciation between most of Spain and most of Latin America is that the z is pronounced something like the English "s" in the West but like the unvoiced "th" of "thin" in Europe. The same is true of the c when it comes before an e or i. But the reason for difference has nothing to do with a long-ago king; the basic reason is the same as why U.S. residents pronounce many words differently than do their British counterparts.

The fact is that all living languages evolve. And when one group of speakers is separated from another group, over time the two groups will part ways and develop their own peculiarities in pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. Just as English speakers talk differently in the U.S., Canada, Great Britain, Australia, and South Africa, among others, so do Spanish speakers vary among Spain and the Latin American countries. Even within one country, including Spain, you'll hear regional variations in pronunciation. And that's all we're talking about with the "lisp." So what we have is not a lisp or an imitated lisp, just a difference in pronunciation. The pronunciation in Latin America is no more correct, nor less, than that in Spain.

There isn't always a specific explanation of why language changes in the way it does. But there is a plausible explanation given for this change, according to a graduate student who wrote to this site after the publication of an earlier version of this article. Here's what he said:

"As a graduate student of the Spanish language and a Spaniard, being confronted with people who 'know' the origin of the 'lisp' found in most of Spain is one of my pet peeves. I have heard the 'lisping king' story many times, even from cultured people who are native Spanish speakers, though you will not hear it come from a Spaniard.

"Firstly, the ceceo is not a lisp. A lisp is the mispronunciation of the sibilant s sound. In Castilian Spanish, the sibilant s sound exists and is represented by the letter s. The ceceo comes in to represent the sounds made by the letters z and c followed by i or e.

"In medieval Castilian there were two sounds that eventually evolved into the ceceo, the ç (the cedilla) as in plaça and the z as in dezir. The cedilla made a /ts/ sound and the z a /dz/ sound. This gives more insight into why those similar sounds may have evolved into the ceceo."

In the above student comment, the term ceceo is used to refer to the pronunciation of the z (and of c before e or i). To be precise, however, the term ceceo refers to how the s is pronounced, namely the same as the z of most of Spain-so that, for example, sinc would be pronounced like roughly "think" instead of like "sink." In most regions, this pronunciation of the s is considered substandard. When used precisely, ceceo doesn't refer to the pronunciation of the z, ci or ce, although that error is often made.

Although differences in the pronunciation of the z (and sometimes c) are the most well-known of the geographical differences in Spanish pronunciation, they aren't the only ones.

Another well-known regional variation involves yeísmo, the tendency, common almost everywhere, for the ll and the y to share to share the same sound. Thus, in most areas, pollo (chicken) and poyo (a type of bench) are pronounced alike. But in parts of South America, the sound of the ll can be something like the "s" in "measure," also called a "zh" sound. And sometimes the sound can be something like the "j" or "sh" of English.

Other regional variations include the softening or disappearance of the s sound and a merging of the l and r sounds.

The cause of all these variations is much as the same as for the regional variations in the z-isolation of some speakers can lead to diverging pronunciations.

Languages such as English and Spanish that cover wide geographical areas tend to develop regional differences in pronunciation.

Such a natural change in regional pronunciation-and not a long-ago royal edict as is sometimes believed-is responsible for the z (and c before e or i) being pronounced differently in Latin America than in Spain.

Those used to the Latin American pronunciation should not think of the pronunciation of Spain ans being inferior, or vice versa-differences exist, but neither type of Spanish is inherently better.

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Did a Royal Edict Give Spaniards a Lisp?

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If you study Spanish long enough, sooner or later you'll hear a tale about Spanish King Ferdinand, who supposedly spoke with a lisp, causing Spaniards to imitate him in pronouncing the to be pronounced with the "th" sound of "thin." In fact, some readers of this site have reported hearing the tale from their Spanish instructors.

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Spanish Accent Battle: Celebrity Edition

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Celebrities try different Spanish accents in 60 seconds @ the Latin Billboard Awards con Telemundo! #BIllboards2017 Check out more awesome BuzzFeedViolet videos! http://bit.ly/YTbuzzfeedviolet Check out more awesome BuzzFeedYellow videos! http://bit.ly/YTbuzzfeedyellow Check out more awesome BuzzFeedBlue videos! http://bit.ly/YTbuzzfeedblue1 Check out more awesome videos at BuzzFeedVideo! http://bit.ly/YTbuzzfeedvideo MUSIC Strictly Latin Licensed via Warner Chappell Production Music Inc.

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Este artículo examina cómo los factores sociales afectan las variaciones del lenguaje en inglés. Aunque este elemento no se centra en la variación lingüística en español, los conceptos presentados todavía se pueden ver en español y en todos los demás idiomas. La sociolingüística -los aspectos sociales del sexo, la edad, el nivel socioeconómico y la etnia y cómo afectan el propio dialecto- es un concepto importante para aprender porque nos permite ver cómo los diferentes grupos de personas tienen características del lenguaje que son únicas y unificadoras. Los diferentes grupos tienen diferentes características para diferenciarse, pero también pueden comunicarse efectivamente con otros grupos y clases.

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Este video responde a la pregunta "¿qué tipo de español debería aprender un hablante no nativo?" En el video, un profesor de español revisa diferentes dialectos en español y cómo se varían lingüísticamente. Ella argumenta que aunque el español latinoamericano se enseña en la mayoría de las clases, ninguna de las variantes de español es incorrecta y el dialecto solo depende del hablante. Creo que este es un concepto importante para incluir en este capítulo porque, aunque hay muchas variaciones del español, ninguna pronunciación es incorrecta, es única para el dialecto del hablante y debe respetarse.

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Cuando se estudian diferentes acentos en español y variaciones lingüísticas, es claro que el español de España es muy diferente del español latino debido al "lisp" o ceceo. Quería saber de dónde viene esta diferente pronunciación de c y z, y este artículo discute la leyenda urbana detrás de ella, y también una teoría de cómo llegó a ser. No vino de un rey, sino del castellano medieval.

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Este video es una recreación en español del video original "21 accents" que se ha vuelto muy popular en el estudio de la variación lingüística en inglés. El hombre en el video intenta imitar 21 acentos españoles diferentes. Aunque hacia el final del video comienza a darse por vencido y bromea con los acentos, este video sigue siendo interesante y relevante para este capítulo porque muestra las muchas variaciones de los dialectos en español.

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Este es otro buen ejemplo de la variación lingüística en español a través de la presentación de diferentes dialectos. Pensé que este era un ejemplo entretenido de cuánto puede variar el vocabulario, la entonación y la pronunciación en español y cómo las diferentes culturas se perciben entre sí. En general, lo que las celebridades del video coinciden es que pueden apreciar su idioma y cómo cada país y región puede representarse y distinguirse de forma única por su dialecto.