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What else Affects Tides: Graci, Brittain 

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What else Affects Tides: Graci, Brittain 

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Key Terms:
1. Tidal bulges- created on opposite sides of earth from gravitational force
2. Onshore winds- wind that blows over water to landmass.
3. Offshore winds- wind that blows over water.

Summary:
The distance and position between of sun, moon, and earth affect earths tidal bulges. The magnitudes of tides are influenced by the shape of the shoreline. The intensity of tides are influenced by the shape of estuaries and bays. Also tides are effected by winds. Offshore winds can exaggerate low tides and onshore winds eliminate low tided exposures.

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Key Terms:
1. Solar tides - tides created by the sun's effect on Earth
2. Lunar month - a month measured between two new moons
3. Apogee - when the moon is farthest from the Earth
4. Perigee - when the moon is closest to the Earth

Summary:
The moon is a major influence on Earth's tides, but the sun also affects them. When the moon, sun and Earth align, the tide effect combines to make the tides larger. When the moon is closest to the Earth, larger than normal tides form. When the Earth is closest to the sun, the tidal ranges grow. Together, the gravitational effects of the sun and moon affect Earth's tides monthly.

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Key Terms:
Strong Tidal Currents - these currents attract larger fish for fisherman to catch
Coastal Zone Engineering Projects - these projects occur near the water so people have to monitor the tides to make sure they don't interfere.

Summary:
Being able to predict tides is important for people who work along the coast. They monitor the waves to make sure they don't interfere with their projects. Fishermen and sailors also depend on them to catch the most fish and travel safely. Scientists are monitoring tides to make sure that the organisms are safe. It is important for us to keep our waters safe.

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Types and Causes of Tidal Levels: Michelle & Aramis 

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Types and Causes of Tidal Levels: Michelle & Aramis 

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Key Terms:
1. Diurnal tide- one high tide and low tide each day
2. Semidiurnal tide- 2 high tides and 2 low tides each day
3.  Mixed Semidiurnal tides- high tides and low tides differ in height

Summary:
There are three tidal patterns that occur along the major shorelines of Earth. They're known as semidiurnal, mixed semidiurnal, and diurnal. Large continents cause tides to be different heights. If the Earth was perfectly smooth, the tides would be even. The U.S. West coast usually has mixed semidiurnal tides and the East coast usually has more of semidiurnal tides.

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Key terms:
. Ecologist - scientist whom study the mixing of waves
.Vessels- ships
This passage was about the importance of monitoring tidal waves

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Changing Angles and Changing Tides: Graci, Brittain 

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Changing Angles and Changing Tides: Graci, Brittain 

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Key Words:
1. Declination- the change of the angle created between the equator and moon revolving around earth
2. Equinoxes- the date when day and night are of equal length.
3. Solstice- happens when the sun reaches its highest or lowest point throughout the year.

Summary:

Angles are created between the moon and earths equator. These angles have effects on the tidal changes. As the angle increases or decreases due to the moon or sun revolving around earth, it is known as declination. The suns declination effects tides and seasons. Equinoxes and solstices depend on the angle.

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Key terms
1. Gravity-Force that attracts two objects together
2. Inertia- An object tendency to stay still or in motion
3.Tidal bulges- The moon gravity and the water inertia causes water to collect on the sides of the earth forming a bulge

Summary
This passage was about the effects of gravity on the planet earth.Gravitation attraction on the moon is less because its further away.If something is close to the gravitation attraction is greater if something is close to it.

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The Frequency of Tides: Aramis & Michelle

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The Frequency of Tides: Aramis & Michelle

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Key Terms:
Solar Day - the time it takes for a point on Earth under the sun to rotate back to that same point under the sun
Lunar Day - the time it take for a point on Earth udner the moon to roate back to the same point under the moon

Summary:
Most coastal areas experience two high tides and two lo tides. A solar day lasts 24 hours, while a lunar day lasts 24 hours and 50 minutes. The lunar day is longer due to the moon revolving around the Earth in the same direction that the Earth rotates around its axis. This means that the Earth experiences two tidal bulges every lunar day. It takes 6 hours and 12.5 minutes for high tide to go to low tide.

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Changing Angles and Changing Tides - Jaden & Aaron Nichols

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Changing Angles and Changing Tides - Jaden & Aaron Nichols

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1. Equator - the horizontal center of the earth
2. Equinox - time at which the sun is at Maximum declination
3. Celestial - positioned in or relating to the sky

Summary:
The angles of the moon and sun have a great impact on the ocean's tides. the moons positioning in relation to the earth is what determines the height position of the tides.

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Key Terms:
1. Tidal Bulge-  Two bulges in the ocean that are created on opposite sides of the Earth due to the moon's gravitational force and inertia
Summary:
As the moon revolves around the Earth, its angle increases and decreases in relation to the equator. The two tidal bulges track the changes in lunar declination, also increasing or decreasing their angles to the equator.

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Lunar: resembling the moon

Revolve: move in a circle on a central axis

Perigee: the point in the orbit the moon or a satellite at which it is nearest to the earth

Ebb: the movement of the tide out to sea

Summary:

Tidal currents also moves floating animals & plants to & from their breeding areas to deep waters. Local wind & weather patterns also can effect tides. Most areas have two high tides and two low tides everyday.

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Monitoring the Tides:: Precious and Bryan

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Monitoring the Tides:: Precious and Bryan

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Key Terms:
1.  Ecologists-  an expert in or student of ecology.
2.  Marine commerce- is an area in which tide and current predictions are critical.
3.  Oceanographers- is the circulation of the ocean and its relationship to world climatic changes.

Summarize:
Predicting tides has always been important to people look to the sea for their livelihood. n some areas, strong tidal currents concentrate bait and smaller fish, attracting larger fish.  Real-time water level, water current, and weather measurement systems now are being used in many major ports to provide mariners and port operators with the latest conditions.

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Monitoring tides Scott Brueshaber and Alaina Boyd

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Monitoring tides Scott Brueshaber and Alaina Boyd

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ebb -  when tidal currents move toward the sea and away from the shore
Flood - when tidal currents move away from the ocean towards the shore
ecologists - scientists who study the interactions between organisms and their enviroment

Summary
Knowing the patterns of the tides is important for many jobs. Fishermen need to know tidal patterns to predict when the fish will be in a certain area. It requires a very deep knowledge of tides to navigate ships through channels and ports without running aground or colliding with something. A prime example of this is when 4 marine cranes were sent under the Oakland bridge. These cranes cost around 5 million dollars and if the water had been too high and the cranes had hit the bridge both the cranes and the bridge would have been damaged.

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What Else Affects Tides?:: Precious and Bryan

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What Else Affects Tides?:: Precious and Bryan

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Key Terms::
1. High-pressure systems-- depress sea levels, leading to clear sunny days with low tides
2. Low-pressure systems-- contribute to cloudy, rainy conditions associated with tides that are much higher than predicted

Summary::
Distances and positions of the sun, moon, and Earth affects the size and magnitude of the two tidal bulges on Earth. Local wind and weather patterns also have the ability to affect the tides.

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Types and Causes of Tidal Cycles:: Precious and Bryan

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Types and Causes of Tidal Cycles:: Precious and Bryan

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Key Terms::
1. Semidiurnal Tide-- when the two high tide and the two low tides are about the same height
2. Mixed Semidiurnal Tide-- when the high tides and low tides differ in height
3. Diurnal Tide-- when there is only one high tide and low tide each day

Summary::
All the areas on the planet would experience two equally proportioned high and low tide every lunar day if the Earth were a perfect sphere. The basic tidal patterns occurs along the Earth's major shorelines. The basic tidal pattern includes semidiurnal, mixed semidiurnal, and diurnal tides.

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Key Terms:
1. Gravitational attraction - The attraction between any two bodies
2. Tidal forces - A force that stretches a body towards the center mass of another body
3. Tidal generating forces - a force produced by attraction between the Earth, Moon, Sun and their rotation.

Summary:
Gravity is one major force that creates tides. Sir Isaac Newton explained that gravitational attraction of the sun and moon on Earth's oceans result in ocean tides.The masses of the Earth, moon and sun and their distances  to each other can affect tides greatly. Tidal forces are based on the gravitational attractive force. The effect of distance on tidal forces can be seen by the sun, moon, and Earth.

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Gravity, Inertia, and the Bulges: Michelle & Aramis

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Gravity, Inertia, and the Bulges: Michelle & Aramis

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Key Terms:
1. Gravity- force that attracts two objects together
2. Inertia- An object's tendency to stay still or in motion
3. Tidal bulges- The moon's gravity and the water's inertia causes water to collect on the sides of the earth forming a bulge

Summary:
Gravitation attraction between the Earth and the Moon have a jurassic effect on water. The moon's gravity causes water near it to form a bulge. The gravity is stronger than the water's inertia. On the opposite side of the Earth, the water's inertia is greater than the moon's gravity, causing another bulge to form. The sun affects the size and positions of the tidal bulges.

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Gravity, Inertia, and the Two Bulges- Jaden Anthony & Aaron Nichols 

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Gravity, Inertia, and the Two Bulges- Jaden Anthony & Aaron Nichols 

# data[].attributes.body
Bulge-  is a rounded swelling or protuberance that distorts a flat surface.

Gravitational force-  is a force that attracts any objects with mass.

Inertia-  a tendency to do nothing or to remain unchanged.

Gravity-  the force that which attracts a body toward the center of the earth.

Summary:
Gravity, Inertia and the Two Bulges have an effect on  Tides and Water Levels.  The two tidal bulges that are created on the opposite sides of the universe due to the moon's gravitational force and inertia counterbalance. The combination of the gravitation and inertia both can create two bulges of water.

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1. Gravity- The force caused by the Earth and the moon that cause tides and force us unto the surface.

2. tidal force-is an apparent force that stretches a body towards the center of mass of another body

Gravity is an important role in tides and waves on earth. The gravitational pull of the moon causes for waves to form. The closer and the larger the objects are the stronger their gravitational pull are. The sun has a strong pull because it is 27 million times larger than the moon but is much farther away. The moon's pull is 59 million times more than the sun because of the distance between them.

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Key Terms:
1. Solar day- 24 hour days
2. Lunar day- 24 hour 50 minute day
Summary:
Unlike a solar day, however, a lunar day is 24 hours and 50 minutes. The lunar day is 50 minutes longer than a solar day because the moon revolves around the Earth in the same direction that the Earth rotates around its axis. So, it takes the Earth an extra 50 minutes to “catch up” to the moon

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What Else Effect Tides-Destiny W and De'Mya P

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What Else Effect Tides-Destiny W and De'Mya P

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Key terms:
1.Local Winds- Are winds that are local.

Summary: The earth has tidal bulges when relative distances and positions of the sun, moon and Earth all affect the size and magnitude of the earth. Estuaries and the shape of bays can measure the intensity of tides. Weather patterns can also affect tides. The highest tides ever has been 15 meters wide/long. Much more tides are being predicted in the near future.

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What Else Effects Tide ? Nyanna, Iyanna & LaDarian

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What Else Effects Tide ? Nyanna, Iyanna & LaDarian

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Relative distances and positions of the sun, moon and Earth all affect the size and magnitude of the Earth’s two tidal bulges. The shape of bays & estuaries also can magnify the intensity if tides. Local wind & weather patterns also can effect tides.

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Causes of Tidal Cycles - Alaina Boyd and Scott Brueshaber

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Causes of Tidal Cycles - Alaina Boyd and Scott Brueshaber

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Semi-daily or semidiurnal tide - pattern when the two highs and the two lows are about the same height
Mixed semidiurnal tide - pattern when the high and low tides differ in height
Diurnal tide - areas that only have one high and and one low tide a day

The large continents on the planet block the westward passage of the tidal bulges as the Earth rotates.Three basic tidal patterns occur along the Earth’s major shorelines: semi-daily or semidiurnal tides, mixed semidiurnal tides, and diurnal tides.

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Monitoring the Tides Nyanna, Iyanna & LaDarian 

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Monitoring the Tides Nyanna, Iyanna & LaDarian 

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In some areas strong tidal currents concentrate bait & smaller fish that attracts larger fish. Tidal currents also moves floating animals & plants to & from their breeding areas to deep waters. Knowledge of tides & currents is still critical because today's vessels are much larger than ships.

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Key Terms
Solar tides- Solar  tides  are about half as large as lunar tides and are expressed as a variation of lunar tidal patterns, not separate tide

Spring Tides-  When the Sun, Moon, Earth are in alignment solar tide that has an addictive effect on  the lunar tide, creating extra-high  high tides, and very low, low tides

Neap Tides- When the sun and moon are at right angles, the solar tide cancel out the lunar tide and produces moderate tides
Summary

This passage was about how the moon and sun have a major influence on the earth.Also when the sun and moon are on the right side it cancels the lunar.Tidal ranges get reduce when the earth is furthest from the sun.

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1.  Gravity - The force of the Earth pulling on everything in it's atmosphere
2.  Newton’s law of universal gravitation - "the gravitational attraction between two bodies is directly proportional to their masses, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the bodies "
3.  Tidal forces - Force of the Tides on the ocean, based on gravitational forces
4.  Comparative masses - Masses of two objects that are comparable

Summary:
Tides are caused by the Gravitational force of the moon acting om the water. The moon's mass is directly compared with the Earth's mass and depending on where the moon is as a result, the water is always at a predetermined level.

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Key Terms:
-1. Flood Currents-  Incoming tide along the coast and into the bays and estuaries
-2. EBB Currents- Period when tide level is falling
Summary:
Tides are very long-period waves that move through the oceans due to the forces exerted by the moon and sun. The difference in height between the high tide and the low tide is called the tidal range.

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1.Maritime Activities- Boating, Dock building, fishing, and other marine activities.
2. tide-  the alternate rising and falling of the sea, usually twice in each lunar day at a particular place, due to the attraction of the moon and sun.

The Introductory to the Tides and water levels passage. The rise and fall of tides play a very crucial role in maritime activities. For maritime activities they must first calculate the rise and fall of tide so that they know how high to build or how to build it.

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Key Terms:
1. Tides - very long-period waves that move through the ocean.
2. Tidal Range - difference in height between high tide and low tide
3. Crest - highest part of a wave
4. Tidal current - horizontal movement of water that accompanies the movement of tides

Summary:
Tides are a phenomenon that occur all over and originate from the ocean. Tides move in response to the gravitational pull of the sun and moon. Tides can be high or low depending on how large the waves are. These tides create tidal currents that run horizontally to the shore. Incoming tides are called flood current and the outgoing tides are called ebb currents.

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Key Terms::
1. Solar Tides-- half as large as lunar tides and are expressed as a variation of lunar tidal patterns, not separate tides
2. Spring Tides-- hen the sun, moon, and Earth are in alignment solar tide that has an addictive effect on the lunar tide, creating extra-high high tides, and very low, low tides
2. Neap Tides-- when the sun and moon are at right angles, the solar tide cancel out the lunar tide and produces moderate tides

Summary::
The sun generates tidal forces on the Earth's tides with the help on the major influence, the moon. The distance of the sun, moon, and Earth also affect the tidal heights just as much as the angles.

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Tidal Variations- Destiny W and De'Mya P

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Tidal Variations- Destiny W and De'Mya P

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Key Terms:
1. Spring tides- . When the sun, moon, and Earth are in alignment (at the time of the new or full moon), the solar tide has an additive effect on the lunar tide, creating extra-high high tides, and very low, low tides.
2. Neap tides-The solar tide partially cancels out the lunar tide and produces moderate tides.

Summary: The moon has a major effect on earth's tides. Spring tides are when the sun, moon, and Earth are in alignment (at the time of the new or full moon), the solar tide has an additive effect on the lunar tide, creating extra-high high tides, and very low, low tides. When the lunar moth occurs the tide distance each other. The distance of the tides are approximate 31,000 miles long. When earth is the furthest from sun tidal ranges are reduced.

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Frequency of Tides- De'Mya P. and Destiny W.

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Frequency of Tides- De'Mya P. and Destiny W.

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Key Terms:

1.  Lunar Day- period of time for the moon to complete one rotation on its axis with respect to the Sun (lasts 24 hours and 50 minutes)

2. Solar Day-  the Earth to rotate about its axis so that the Sun appears in the same position in the sky (lasts 24 hours)

Summary:  Coastal areas experience two high tides and two low tides every lunar. Lunar day is the time it takes for the Earth to rotate from an exact point under the moon to the same point under the moon. A solar day lasts 24-hours, while a lunar day lasts 24 hours and 50 minutes. Lunar day is 50 minutes longer than solar day since the moon revolves around the Earth in the same direction that the Earth rotates around its axis. This causes the Earth to take an extra 50 minutes to "catch up."

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Welcome-Tides and Water Levels: Graci, Brittain

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Welcome-Tides and Water Levels: Graci, Brittain

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Key Terms:
1. Maritime- Connected with sea
2. Sandbar- a long, narrow sandbank

Summary:
Maritime activities depend on accurate tidal and current information. The rise and fall of tides are important to maritime activities. They can effect maritime-related activities. NOAA collects and studies observations and predictions of water levels and coastal currents. This information can help prevent things such as boats becoming stranded.

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Types & Causes of Tidal Cycles  Nyanna, Iyanna & LaDarian

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Types & Causes of Tidal Cycles  Nyanna, Iyanna & LaDarian

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Their are three types of tidal patters on earths major shorelines. Most areas have two high tides and two low tides everyday. If the high and low tides differ in height the pattern is called a mixed semi-diurnal tide.

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Changing angles and changing tides                                      --Scott Brueshaber & Alaina Boyd

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Changing angles and changing tides                                      --Scott Brueshaber & Alaina Boyd

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- declination -  As the moon revolves around the Earth, its angle increases and decreases in relation to the equator.
- Vernal equinox - March 21
- autumnal equinox - September 23
- summer solstice - June 21
- winter solstice - December 22

summary
The angles of the moon and sun on the earth cause lunar and solar tides. Since the moon is much closer to earth than the sun the moon's pull on earth causes much stronger tides. While the moon causes stronger tides the sun's angle also causes seasons. At the Vernal and Autumnal equinoxes the sun is at its minimum declination because it is closest to the equator. During the solstices the sun is at its maximum declination because it is farthest from the equator.

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The Frequency of Tides:: Precious and Bryan

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The Frequency of Tides:: Precious and Bryan

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Key Terms::
1. Lunar Day-- the time it takes for a  specific site on Earth to rotate from an exact point under the moon to the same point under the moon
2. Solar Day-- the time that it takes for a specific site on the Earth to rotate from an exact point under the sun to the same point under the sun
Summary::
Coastal areas experience two high tides and two low tides every lunar day. Lunar Day lasts 24 hours and 50 minutes while Solar Day lasts for 24 minutes

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Gravity, Inertia, and Bulges: Aaron and Armani 

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Gravity, Inertia, and Bulges: Aaron and Armani 

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KEY TERMS:
Inertia - object at rest stay at rest objects in motion stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.
bulges - where water rises due to inertia or gravity

SUMMARY:
when gravity and inertia combine it creates two bulges of water. one of the bulges is where the Earth and moon are closes and the other one is where they are farthest apart.

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Key Terms:
Newton’s law of universal gravitation- gravitational attraction between two bodies is directly proportional to their masses, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the bodies
Tidal forces- based on gravitational attractive force
Summary:
Gravity is one of the major forces that creates tides. The greater the mass of and object and the closer they are the greater gravitational force. Tidal forces are based on gravitational attraction forces

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Tidal Variations Nyanna, Iyanna & LaDarian

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Tidal Variations Nyanna, Iyanna & LaDarian

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The moon is the main influence of the earth tide. Solar tides are about half as  large as lunar tides. Angles of the sun, the moon and the earth effect tidal heights.

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The Global Conveyor Belt: Graci, Aramis, Brittain

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The Global Conveyor Belt: Graci, Aramis, Brittain

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Key Terms:
1. Thermohaline circulation - the circulation of heat in the ocean
2. Global Conveyor Belt - a large current that shows the movement of water across the Earth

Summary:
Thermohaline circulation moves water due to its different densities.
This circulation drive the Global Conveyor Belt. Water sinks near the poles and rises near the equator. Climate change can affect the movement of this belt. Any change can cause ice to melt and move water to other locations.

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What are Tides? - Jaden Anthony & Aaron Nichols.

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What are Tides? - Jaden Anthony & Aaron Nichols.

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Flood Current-  is the rising of the water level from low tide to high tide.

Tidal Currents-   is the occurrence in conjunction with the rise and fall of the a tide.

High Tide-  is the state of when the tide is at its highest level.

Low Tide-  is the state of the tide when its is at its lowest level.

Summary:

Tide are  the rise and the fall of sea levels. The sea levels are caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces. Sea levels can be exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation of Earth.

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Changing angels of tides-- Aaron and Armani

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Changing angels of tides-- Aaron and Armani

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Key Terms:
Declination- As the moon revolves around the Earth, its angle increases and decreases in relation to the equator
Summary:
Over time the position of the sun and moon change in in relation to the equator this is know as declination, this effects tidal heights. Lunar declination affect the tides the most actively. The sun changes its position throughout the year and leads to the different seasons based on the earths tilt.

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Gravity, Inertia, and the Two Bulges- De'Mya P. and Destiny W.

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Gravity, Inertia, and the Two Bulges- De'Mya P. and Destiny W.

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Key Terms:

1. Bulge- the gravitational force exceeds the water and is pulled toward the moon

2. "Far Side"- the opposite side of the Earth

Summary:  The gravitational attraction between the Earth and the moon is strongest on the side of the Earth that is facing the moon. Two tidal bulges are created on opposite sides of the Earth due to the moon's gravitational force.  One bulge can form where the Earth and moon are closest. Also the other bulge forms where they are furthest apart. On the “far side,” the gravitational attraction of the moon is less because it is farther away.

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What Causes Tides-  Alaina Boyd and Scott Brueshaber

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What Causes Tides-  Alaina Boyd and Scott Brueshaber

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Gravity - major force that creates tides
Tidal forces are based on the gravitational attractive force. Sir Isaac Newton said ocean tides are caused by the gravitational attraction of the sun and moon on the oceans of the earth in 1687. The greater the mass of the objects and the closer they are to each other, the greater the gravitational attraction between them.

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Coastal currents have different currents such as longshore currents and rip currents. Rip currents can be very dangerous and can lead out several hundred yards in the ocean. Longshore currents is when a wave hits the shore and causes a burst of energy that causes a current. Longshore currents can cause massive amounts of damage to buildings nearby the ocean causing them to fall apart or to collapse into the ocean. Upwelling is caused nearby the coastal shore because of the opposing warm and cold currents.

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KEY TERMS:
Tides -  very long-period waves that move through the oceans in response to the forces exerted by the moon and sun
Tidal Range -  The difference in height between the high tide and the low tide
Tidal Current -  A horizontal movement of water often accompanies the rising and falling of the tide
Flood Current -  incoming tide along the coast and into the bays and estuaries
Ebb Current- outgoing tide
Slack tides -   weakest currents occur between the flood and ebb currents
SUMMARY:
Tides are long-period waves that move through the oceans in response to the forces exerted by the moon and sun. There is many types of tides like ebb current, slack tides, and flood current.

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What Are Times- Destiny Winstead and De'mya Pridgen

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What Are Times- Destiny Winstead and De'mya Pridgen

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Key terms:
1.Tidal current- horizontal movement of water often accompanies the rising and falling of the tide.
2.Tidal range-Difference in height between the high tide and the low tide.

Informational facts-
1.Tides are one of the most reliable phenomena in the world.
2.Tides are very long-period waves that move through the oceans in response to the forces exerted by the moon and sun.
3.The strongest flood and ebb currents usually occur before or near the time of the high and low tides.

Summary:
Tidal current is an horizontal movement of water often accompanies the rising and falling of the tide. Tides are very long period waves. Tidal range and tidal current is almost similar towards each other. But tidal range is the Difference in height between the high tide and the low tide. Flood current is also effected by both of these.

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There are many different tidal currents, the main two being Flood and EBB currents. Flood currents flow towards the shore while ebb currents go out towards the ocean. Flood currents and EBB currents are higher during high tide and lower during low tide Spring currents are the different currents that occur during the full moon. Spring tide changes how the tide and waves work for that short time.

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1. Maritime - Connected with or referring to the sea
2. Vessel - a ship or a large boat
3. Observations - the acts of observing and gathering information related to a certain topic

Summary:
Within the ocean, everything we do, from fishing to even diving, depends on the tides. Water levels and conditions that the tides bring can alter outcomes of activities in the ocean, like fishing, swimming, and boating.

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Tides and water levels welcome--Aaron and Armani

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Tides and water levels welcome--Aaron and Armani

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Key terms:
NOAA:  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Summary: NOAA collect studies on the ocean and atmosphere and makes predictions for them

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Surface Ocean Currents: Graci, Aramis, Brittain

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Surface Ocean Currents: Graci, Aramis, Brittain

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Key Terms:
1. Coriolis Effect - Earth's tilt causes straight-moving objects to curve in an direction
2. Inter-tropical Convergence Zone - area near the equator where iwnds winds are calm
3. Gyres - ocean currents that move in a circular pattern
4. The Ekman Sprial - consequence of Coriolis effect, it is where surface water slows down and changes the direction of water below it

Summary:
The Coriolis effect makes object appear like they are curving even though they are moving straight. due to the Earth's tilt. There is no Coriolis force at the equator. Trade winds meet at the doldrums where the wind is calm. The Coriolis effect causes currents to move clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, and counter-clockwise in the Southern hemisphere. The Ekman Spiral is a theory in which water below a surface current is changed in direction and slowed down due to friction.

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Welcome- Destiny Winstead And De'Mya Pridgen 

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Welcome- Destiny Winstead And De'Mya Pridgen 

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Key Terms:
1.NOAA's National Ocean Service-studies and provides access to thousands of historical and real-time observations as well as predictions of water levels, coastal currents and other data.

Informational Facts:
1. Maritime activities throughout the world depend on accurate tidal and current information for safe operation.
2. The rise and fall of the tides play an important role in the natural world and can have a marked effect on maritime-related activities.
3. The Tides and Waters Levels is an overview of the complex systems that govern the movement of tides and water levels.

Summary:

NOAA's National Ocean Service-studies and provides access to thousands of historical and real-time observations. Also the tides and water levels are highly affected by marine time activities. The rise and fall of the tides play an important role in the natural world and can have a marked effect on maritime-related activities. The water and tides level differs from each other by complex systems. That is why tides and water level are very complex towards each other.

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Global Conveyor Belt- De'Mya P. and Destiny W.

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Global Conveyor Belt- De'Mya P. and Destiny W.

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Key Terms:

1. Global Conveyor Belt- thermohaline circulation drives a global system of currents

2. Thermohaline Circulation-  differences in the water’s density, controlled by temperature and salinity

Summary: Global climate change could disrupt the global conveyor belt. Causing drastic temperature changes in Europe and even worldwide. Cold, salty, dense water sinks at the Earth's northern polar region and heads south along the western Atlantic basin. The current is "recharged" as it travels along the coast of Antarctica and picks up more cold, salty, dense water. The main current splits into two sections, one traveling northward into the Indian Ocean, while the other heads up into the western Pacific.

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Currents are the directions in which water moves, this moves water all around the ocean of different temperatures, saltinesses, and densities. The currents are driven by the wind in the atmosphere and the rise and fall of the tides. Their direction is also altered by the Coriolis Effect.  In addition,  currents are the directions in which water moves, this moves water all around the ocean of different temperatures, saltinesses, and densities. Finally, The currents are driven by the wind in the atmosphere and the rise and fall of the tides. Their direction is also altered by the Coriolis Effect.

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The Frequency of Tides Nyanna, Iyanna & LaDarian

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The Frequency of Tides Nyanna, Iyanna & LaDarian

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Lunar day is the time it takes for a specific on the Earth to rotate from an exact point under the moon. Lunar day is 50 minutes longer than solar day. This is because  the moon revolves around the earth in the same direction that the earth rotates around is axis.

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The Global Conveyor belt is chilled water that that gets salter when seas ice is formed. Effects of Climate Change depending on how the weather conditions are could slow down or stop the conveyor belt.

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key Terms:
Crest- The highest surface part of a wave
Breaking Waves- Waves that become too steep and unstable
Coastal Currents- intricately tied to winds, waves, and land formations.
Longshore winds- Winds that blow along the shoreline.
Fetch- is the regardless of wind that the wind blows in a single direction.
Angle of wave approach- Rather, they arrive at a slight angle.
Longshore current- when a wave reaches a beach or coastline, it releases a burst of energy that generates a current, which runs parallel to the shoreline.
Longshore drift- As this sheet of water moves on and off the beach, it can "capture" and transport beach sediment back out to sea.
Rip currents-  is a localized current that flows away from the shoreline toward the ocean, perpendicular or at an acute angle to the shoreline.
Upwalling-  Winds blowing across the ocean surface often push water away from an area. When this occurs, water rises up from beneath the surface to replace the diverging surface water.

Summarize:
Coastal currents are intricately tied to winds, waves, and land formations. Wave high is affected by wind speed, wind duration, and fetch.  When a wave reaches a beach or coastline, it releases a burst of energy that generates a current, which runs parallel to the shoreline. Longshore currents are affected by the velocity and angle of a wave.  As this sheet of water moves on and off the beach, it can "capture" and transport beach sediment back out to sea know as

longshore drifts. A localized current that flows away from the shoreline toward the ocean, perpendicular or at an acute angle to the shoreline. know as rip currents.  Rip currents typically reach speeds of 1 to 2 feet per second.   Winds blowing across the ocean surface often push water away from an area know as upwelling. Upwelling occurs when winds blowing across the ocean surface push water away from an area and subsurface water rises up to replace the diverging surface water.

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Coastal Current: Graci, Aramis, Brittain

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Coastal Current: Graci, Aramis, Brittain

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Key Terms:
1. waves- created from winds that blow along the shoreline.
2. longshore currents- a current that runs parallel to the shoreline.
3. Rip currents- a current that flows away from the shoreline.
4. Upwelling- areas where water rises up from beneath the surface to replace the diverging surface water.
5. downwelling- wind causes water to build up along the coastline, causing the water to sink to the bottom.

Summary:
Coastal currents depend on wind, waves, and land formations. The size of a wave depends on the amount and intensity of the wind. Longshore currents are affected by the velocity and angle of a wave. A rip current forms when a narrow, faster action moving section of water travels away from the shore. The reverse process of upwelling is called downwelling.

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The Global Conveyor Belt: Aaron and Armani

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The Global Conveyor Belt: Aaron and Armani

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KEY TERMS:
Thermohaline Circulation - deep ocean currents are driven by differences in the water’s density that is controlled by temperature and salinity.
Global Conveyor Belt - the circulation of dense and less dense waters
SUMMARY:
The Global Conveyor Belt is the circulation of dense and less dense waters. The Global Conveyor Belt is a vital component of the global ocean nutrient and carbon dioxide cycles. Climate Change can disturb the Global Conveyor Belt. The saltier the water the denser it is. When  cold water is now more dense, due to the added salts it sinks toward the ocean bottom and surface water moves in to replace the sinking water, thus creating a current.

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Key Terms:
1. Thermohaline circulation- large scale ocean circulation driven by global density gradients created by surface heat and freshwater flux
2. Density- the degree of compactness of a substance

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1.  Perigee - the point of the moon's orbit in which it is closest to Earth
2.  Apogee - the point of the moon's orbit in which it is farthest from Earth
3.  Intensity of tides - The amount of force present in the tides
4.  Magnitude - The size/extent of something

Summary:
The ocean tides are at a certain height at different times of the day, this is called tides, and they are controlled by the gravitational pull of the moon.

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Key Terms:
. Trade winds - winds that meet at a convergent zone
.longitude - a form of measurement for the bounds of earth
. Westerlies- western trade winds

This passage was mainly about how surface currents are created and moved. Stated within the passage it tells how trade winds are responsible for the movement and creation of the currents. Evidence to support this is all documented by measurements of wind force along the ocean. The strongest of these winds are located at converging points. In conclusion the passage was very informative.

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Fetch: distance over water that wind blows in a single direction

Thermohaline Circulation : a process driven by density differences in water due to temperature

Down-welling: the downward movement of fluid

Immense: extremely large or great

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Key Terms
1. Perigean Currents - When  the currents are stronger than average
2. Apogean Currents- When the currents are weaker than average because the Earth and Moon are Farthest apart

Summary
This passage was about how the Moon and Sun can make different type of currents. For example when the moon and earth are far away from each other it makes apogean currents.When the moon and sun are close to each other they make perigean currents. The shape of some sea's and  large rivers can also make the currents intensify. Some daily tidal currents can have dramatic effects on some estuarine  ecosystems.

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Tidal Currents 2: Graci, Aramis, Brittain

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Tidal Currents 2: Graci, Aramis, Brittain

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Key Terms:
1. Perigean Currents - when the currents are stronger than average because the Earth and Moon are closest
2. Apogean Currents - when the currents are weaker than average because the Earth and Moon are farthest apart

Summary:
Tidal currents are affected by the relative position of the moon and Earth. When the moon and Earth are positioned next to each other the tides are strongest. When they are far apart, the currents are weaker. The shape can of bays can can change the intensity of a tide. Tidal currents along the coast have a large impact on estuaries.

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Surface Current-De'Mya Pridgen and Destiny Winstead

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Surface Current-De'Mya Pridgen and Destiny Winstead

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Key Terms:
1. Northern Hemisphere, warm air around the equator rises and flows north toward the pole.
2. Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (also called the doldrums) between 5 degrees North and 5 degrees South latitude, where the winds are calm.
3.Gyros-major spirals of ocean-circling currents
4.The Ekman spiral-is a consequence of the Coriolis effect.
5.  Coriolis effect-Circulating in a straight pattern, the air deflects toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere, resulting in curved paths.

Informational Facts-
1. Coastal currents are affected by local winds.
2. Surface ocean currents, which occur on the open ocean, are driven by a complex global wind system.
3.  As the air moves away from the equator, the Coriolis effect deflects it toward the right
4. Global winds drag on the water’s surface, causing it to move and build up in the direction that the wind is blowing.
5. Surface water molecules move by the force of the wind, they, in turn, drag deeper layers of water molecules below them.

Summary:
Coastal currents are highly affected by winds. Surface winds are driven by a global wind power system that is affected by the Coriolis affect. The Coriolis affected is effects deflects towards the right of the earth. Also global winds are dragged to the waters surface. But surface molecules are dragged by the wind toward the water surface.

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The Global Conveyor Belt Nyanna, Iyanna & LaDarian  

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The Global Conveyor Belt Nyanna, Iyanna & LaDarian  

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Thermohaline Circulation: These deep ocean currents are driven by difference in the waves density which is controlled by temperature & salinity.
Global Conveyor Belt: On the conveyor belt water is chilled by Arctic temperature,the water also gets salter when seas ice is formed.
Effects of Climate Change: The global conveyor belt is a strong process but it can be effected by climate change, This sequence of events could slow or stop the conveyor belt.

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Key Terms:
1. Reversing Currents-- tidal currents that ebb and flood in opposite directions
2. Neap Currents-- tidal currents with weak velocities at first and third phases of the moon
3. Spring Currents-- tidal currents with strong velocities at full or new phases of the moon
4. Flood Current-- when tide rises, water moves toward the shore
5. Ebb Current-- when tide recedes, the water moves away from the shore

Summary:
The motion of the tides near a shore cause water to move horizontally, creating currents. There are several types of currents that occur which includes flood current, ebb current, reversing current, spring current, and neap current. Flood and ebb currents occur depending on if they move toward or away from land. Reversing currents occur when flood and ebb currents flow in opposite directions. Spring and neap currents occur depending on how strong or weak the velocities are which depends on the moon phases.

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Coastal Currents- De'Mya P. and Destiny W.

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Coastal Currents- De'Mya P. and Destiny W.

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Key Terms:

1. Longshore winds- winds that blow along the shoreline

2. Breakers/Breaking Waves- waves that become too steep or unstable

3. Longshore Current- a current that runs parallel to the shoreline

4. Rip Currents- longshore currents that moves on and off the beach

5. Upwelling-  When water rises up from beneath the surface to replace the diverging surface water.

Summary: Coastal currents are connected to winds, waves, and land formations. Longshore currents are affected by the velocity and angle of a wave. Longshore currents move on and off the beach. They can cause rip currents to form around low spots or breaks in sandbars. Upwelling occurs when winds blow across the ocean surface pushing water away from an area and surface water rises up.

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Currents-Tidal Currents 1- Jaden Anthony & Aaron Nichols  

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Currents-Tidal Currents 1- Jaden Anthony & Aaron Nichols  

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Key Terms:
1. Tidal currents-  occurs in conjunction with the rise and fall of the tide.
2.   Rectilinear tidal currents-  is typically founded in the coastal rivers and estuaries.
3. Spring Currents- tidal current velocities that are strong are Spring Currents.

Summary:
The Tidal currents that only occur in the conjunction with the fall and the rise of a tide. Also, Tidal Currents are the only current that can be affected by any of interactions of the Sun, Moon, and the Earth. Finally, when tides fall and rise, they create flood and ebb currents.

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Tidal currents 2 - Alaina Boyd & Scooty Brueshaber

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Tidal currents 2 - Alaina Boyd & Scooty Brueshaber

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Perigean currents - currents that are stronger than average
Apogean currents - weaker than average currents
Bay of Fundy - highest tides in the world
Summary:
Tides are caused by the position of the sun and moon.  Tides cause currents called tidal currents that cause changes in sea level near the coast.  Perigean currents are stronger than average currents.  Apogean currents are weaker than average currents.   Tides are affected by the phases of the moon.

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Tidal Currents 1: Graci, Aramis, Brittain

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Tidal Currents 1: Graci, Aramis, Brittain

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Key Terms:
1. Rectilinear/Reversing Current - tidal currents that ebbs and floods in opposite directions
2. Slack Water Period - period of no velocity as the rectilinear currents move from the ebbing to flooding stage.
3. Spring Current - currents with strong velocities that are caused by the full or new moon
4. Neap Current - currents with weak velocities that are caused by the first or third quarter moon

Summary:
Tidal currents occur with the rise and fall of tides. Flood and ebb currents are created by the rise and fall of tides. Rectilinear currents experience slack periods in between flooding and ebbing. Tidal currents are affected by the interactions of the Earth, Sun, and Moon. The moon's force is greater than the sun's because the moon is closer to Earth.

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Tidal Currents 2- Destiny W and De'Mya Pridgen

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Tidal Currents 2- Destiny W and De'Mya Pridgen

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Key Terms:
1. Perigean current- the currents are stronger than average.
2. Apogean current -   the currents are weaker than perigean currents.
3.  Funnel-shaped bays in particular can dramatically alter tidal current magnitude.
4. Apogee-The moon and Earth are at their farthest distance from each other.
5. Perigee- The moon and Earth are positioned nearest to each other.

Informational Facts-
1.  Tidal currents are affected by the relative positions of the moon and Earth.
2. Daily tidal currents experienced by coastal areas can also have a dramatic effect on Earnestine Ecosystems.
3.  Elliptical orbits of the moon around the Earth.

Summary-
Tidal currents are affected by the moon and earth. It can be stronger than average ( perigean currents) .It can be weaker also (apogean currents). But "The Bay of Fundy in Nova Scotia" has the highest tides in the world, which is over 15 meters. Tidal currents can also have dramatic effect/change in them.

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Key terms:
1. Long shore currents-the current that is generated when a wave hits the sea shore
2. Rip currents- a localized current that flows away from the shoreline toward the ocean
3. Up-welling- when water rises up from beneath the surface to replace the diverging surface water

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Key terms:
1.)equator- The area that splits the world into the northern and southern hemisphere.
2.)Coriolis Effect: The effect cause by the rotation of the earth that makes objects appear to curve in the air.
3.) Trade winds- winds that blow to meet at the Intertropical Convergence Zone
4.)Intertropical Convergence Zone- the area between 5 north and 5 south that has very calm winds.
5.) Gyres-  the major spirals of ocean-circling currents that happen north and south of the equator
6.) Ekman spiral- when water molecules are pulled by one another due to the pushing and/or pulling of the wind, this results in a twist.
Summary-The Coriolis effect causes freely flowing objects to curve left or right due to the rotation of the earth. Trade winds are winds that blow to the

Intertropical convergence zone. Westerlies are winds that flow to the poles and to the west.  There are five major ocean gyres found around the world.The ekman spiral is a spiral of water that is cause by the friction of water pulling other water.

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Tidal Currents 1 - Alaina Boyd and Scott Brueshaber

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Tidal Currents 1 - Alaina Boyd and Scott Brueshaber

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Rectilinear tidal currents - currents that are found in coastal rivers and estuaries
floods - when tidal currents move away from the sea and toward the land
ebbs - when tidal currents move toward the sea and away from the shore
Tidal currents are the only currents affected by the earth, sun, and moon. These tides ebb and flood constantly.  Between periods of ebbing and flooding there is a calm period with no velocity.  Then the calm period ends and velocity increases. Spring currents are currents that flow during a full or new moon.

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national oceanic and atmospheric administration

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Tidal Currents - Currents: NOAA's National Ocean Service Education

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National Ocean Service's Education Online tutorial on Corals?

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Key Terms:
1. Spring currents- currents during a full or new moon
2.Flood currents- floods towards shore
3. EBB currents- currents back towards ocean

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Current-Welcome Zyaire &Savannah Collie 

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Current-Welcome Zyaire &Savannah Collie 

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Key Terms:
1. Current- The motion of water
2. Velocity- speed and direction
3. Thermohaline circulation -  process driven by density
4. Salinity- The amount of salt
This passage was about different types of currents and describes how they function. It also gives information on driving factor's and how they affect currents. For example wind is a key driving factor of currents at the surface of the ocean. However currents are measured in many different ways but the most common is that of knots.

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Tidal Currents 1- De'Mya P. and Destiny W.

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Tidal Currents 1- De'Mya P. and Destiny W.

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Key Terms:
1. Spring Currents- when there are currents during a full or new moon
2. Neap Currents- when there are currents during the first and third quarter moon
3. Rectilinear- reversing

Summary: Tidal currents are the only type of current affected by the Earth, sun and moon. As tides rise and fall, they create flood and ebb currents. Rectilinear tidal currents experience a "slack water" period when they alternate from ebbing and flooding stage. When tidal current velocities are strong they are spring currents. When tidal current velocities are  weak they are neap currents.

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Key Terms:
1.  Current - the motion of water
2.  Salinity - the amount of salt present in the water
3.  Velocity - speed in a given direction
4.  Haline - Relating to salt in the ocean
5.  Thermohaline Circulation - large scale global circulation that is driven by water temperatures
6.  Water Density - the density of the ocean water in a set area (usually 1 g/cm³)
7.  NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Summary:
Currents are the directions in which water moves, this moves water all around the ocean of different temperatures, saltinesses, and densities. The currents are driven by the wind in the atmosphere and the rise and fall of the tides. Their direction is also altered by the Coriolis Effect.

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Key Terms:
1. Current- the motion of water
2. Velocity- speed and direction
3. Tidal currents- a regularly changing current, driven by the gravitational attraction of the sun and moon.
4. Thermohaline circulation- process driven by density differences in water due to temperatures and salinity

Summary:
The word current describes the motion of water. Ocean currents are driven by several factors. The rise and fall of tides create tidal currents. Winds drive currents that are at the oceans surface. Thermohaline circulation occurs in at deep and shallow ocean levels because of the density differences in the water.

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Currents - Tidal Currents 2 by Aaron and Armani 

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Currents - Tidal Currents 2 by Aaron and Armani 

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KEY TERMS:
Apogean Currents- when the moon and the Earth are at their farthest distance from each other the currents are weaker
Perigean Currents- when the Earth and moon are positioned nearest to each other and the currents are stronger than average
Elliptical orbit-  is the movement of one object around another in an oval-shaped path called an ellipse.
SUMMARY:
Current or tides can become larger based on the shape of bays or estuaries. Tidal currents are affected by the relative position of the Earth and moon, like Perigean Currents and Apogean Currents. The elliptical orbit of the moon and when it goes around Earth has a substantial effect on tides and currents that it produces.

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Currents Welcome!-- Destiny W and De'mya Pridgen  

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Currents Welcome!-- Destiny W and De'mya Pridgen  

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Key Terms:
1.Currents -the motion of water.
2. Tidal currents -are the only type of currents that change in a very regular pattern and can be predicted for future dates.
3.Velocity- Speed and direction
4. Thermohaline circulation-  a process driven by density differences in water due to temperature (therm) and salinity (halite) in different parts of the ocean.

Informational Facts:
1.Motion is  mostly caused by gravity.
2. Oceanic currents are driven by 3 factors.
3. First Oceanic current is the rise and fall of oceanic currents.
4. Second Oceanic current are drives ocean currents which wind.
5. Third Oceanic current that drives currents is thermohaline circulation.

Summary- Currents and there major factors. Each factor is affected the currents.Currents are measured toward each other. People are affected by the currents and its factors. All of this ties together with each of there categories.

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lesson plans activities curriculum education resources k-12 school students

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Observing the Ocean - Explore ocean physics - Teach Ocean Science

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Storm surge is the rise in sea height due to the "pushing" up of water onto land by winds from storms, such as hurricanes. Factors determining the height of the storm surge include the strength of the wind in the storm, speed of storm, slope of the sea floor leading to the shore, and stage of tide (high or low).

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Key Terms:
1. Current-- motion of water
2. Tidal Current-- type of current that changes in a very regular pattern and can be predicted
3. Thermohaline Circulation-- a process driven by density differences in water due to temperature and salinity in different parts of the ocean.
4. Velocity-- speed and direction
5. Salinity-- amount of salt in water
6. Gravity-- a force that attracts to any physical body having mass

Summary:
Ocean currents are the motion of the water and driven by several factors. The driven factors include the rise and fall of the tides, winds, and thermohaline currents. The rise and fall of the tides are driven by the gravitational attractions of the sun and moon on Earth's oceans. Winds drives currents near the ocean's surface, coastal areas, and the open ocean. Thermohaline circulation drives currents to occur at deep and shallow ocean levels and are slower than tidal currents.

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Currents-Coastal Currents: Nyanna, Iyanna & LaDarian

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Currents-Coastal Currents: Nyanna, Iyanna & LaDarian

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Waves: Wave height is affected by wind speed when duration and fetch which is the distance over water that a wind blows in a single direction.
Long-shore Currents: These are affected by the velocity and the angle of waves. The shore depends on seafloor, shoreline features and the depth of the water.
Rip Currents: As long shore currents move on and off  rip currents form around low spots or breaks in sandbars. It is localized current that flows away from the shoreline towards the ocean.
Up-welling: Occurs in open oceans and long coasts lines, this produces food for marine animals.

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This is your information for your posts for 2/21-22/18.  Your group should read, discuss and post from the Welcome, What are Tides?, What Causes Tides?, Gravity, Inertia, and Bulges, Changing Angles and Tides, The Frequency of Tides, Tidal Variations, Types and Causes of Tidal Cycles, What Else Affects Tides?, Monitoring the Tides
You should include key terms/definitions, diagrams, summary-Each post should be titled with The topic, your names under your group's column

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national oceanic and atmospheric administration

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Tides and Water Levels: NOAA's National Ocean Service Education

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National Ocean Service's Education Online tutorial on Tides and Water levels

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This is your information for your posts on 2/20-21/18.  Your group should read, discuss, and post from the Welcome, Tidal Currents 1, Tidal Currents 2, Coastal Currents--each part, Surface Currents--each part,  The Global Conveyor belt--each part.  You should include key terms/definitions, diagrams, summary--Each post should be titled with The topic, your names under your group's column

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national oceanic and atmospheric administration

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Currents: NOAA's National Ocean Service Education

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National Ocean Service's Education Online tutorial on Corals?

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Currents: Welcome - Alaina Boyd and Scott Brueshaber

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Currents: Welcome - Alaina Boyd and Scott Brueshaber

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Current - motion of water
Velocity - Speed and direction
Tidal current - a current created by a tide near the shore and in bays and estuaries
Summary: Three factors that drive currents are tides, thermohaline circulation, and wind.

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Latitude or distance from the equator

Temperatures drop the further an area is from the equator due to the curvature of the earth. In areas closer to the poles, sunlight has a larger area of atmosphere to pass through and the sun is at a lower angle in the sky. As a result, more energy is lost and temperatures are cooler.

In addition, the presence of ice and snow nearer the poles causes a higher albedo, meaning that more solar energy is reflected, also contributing to the cold.

Altitude or height above sea level

Locations at a higher altitude have colder temperatures. Temperature usually decreases by 1°C for every 100 metres in altitude.

Distance from the sea

Oceans heat up and cool down much more slowly than land. This means that coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland at the same latitude and altitude. Glasgow, for example, is at a similar latitude to Moscow, but is much milder in winter because it is nearer to the coast than Moscow..

Ocean currents

Britain has a maritime climate. A warm ocean current called the North Atlantic Drift keeps Britain warmer and wetter than places in continental Europe.

Prevailing wind

The prevailing wind is the most frequent wind direction a location experiences. In Britain the prevailing wind is from the south west, which brings warm, moist air from the Atlantic Ocean. This contributes to the frequent rainfall. When prevailing winds blow over land areas, it can contribute to creating desert climates.

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Temperatures drop the further an area is from the equator due to the curvature of the earth. In areas closer to the poles, sunlight has a larger area of atmosphere to pass through and the sun is at a lower angle in the sky. As a result, more energy is lost and temperatures are cooler.