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What is THEOCRACY? What does THEOCRACY mean? THEOCRACY meaning, definition & explanation

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What is a Dictatorship - More Grades 6-12 Social Studies on Harmony Square

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Dictators may come to power in free elections and gradually take over the entire government. Or they may use force to throw out the current ruler. This is called a coup. When an army commander or a group of army officers takes power, it is called a military dictatorship.

Once in power, dictators use the police or the army to keep control. They often take away people's freedoms. In addition, many dictators cancel or control elections so that the people cannot vote them out of office.

A special form of dictatorship is totalitarianism. Totalitarian dictators control all parts of society. Schools, businesses, newspapers, and even the arts must follow the government's wishes. Anyone who displeases the dictator may be killed. The worst totalitarian governments of the 1900s were those of Adolf Hitler in Germany and Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union.

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A dictatorship is a form of government in which a person or a small group rules with almost unlimited power. The ruler of a dictatorship is called a dictator. Absolute...

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What is a dicatorship?

Who are the important people in a dictatorship and what do they do?

What are the two ways a dictator can come into power?

What are some interesting facts about dictatorship? At least 3.

What is totalitarianism?

What are some countries who have a dictatorship?

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A democracy is a government that is run by the people.

There are other forms of government, including monarchies, oligarchies, and dictatorships, in which the people do not have a say in government.

In a democracy, people voice their opinions by voting on important issues and/or by voting on who they think should lead the government.

A political scientist named Larry Diamond says that a government must meet four requirements to be a democracy:

Using a system of elections to vote for and replace government leaders

Protecting the human rights of all people (such as freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and the right to a fair trial)

All citizens actively participating in politics and civics

All laws applying equally to all citizens

A Brief History of Democracy

The first democracy was developed in the Ancient Greek city of Athens many years ago. A group of people called The Council suggested laws.

The Assembly, which was made up of all citizens (women and slaves were not included) voted on whether the laws should or should not pass.

In addition, The Assembly elected some government leaders by writing the name of their favorite candidate on a stone or piece of wood. The candidate with the most votes won.

Other governments held elections throughout history. Often, however, strict rules limited who could vote.

Today, according to the Democracy Index, there are 20 countries that are full democracies. Many additional countries are classified as "flawed democracies" by the Index.

The two main types of democracies are a direct democracy and a representative democracy.

In a direct democracy, every citizen votes on every important decision. The government of Athens, described above, was a direct democracy.

People had the chance to express their opinions on all laws and major choices. With a larger population, of course, this process becomes more challenging.

This brings us to the representative democracy. In a representative democracy, people elect representatives to run the government. They choose people who they think will make decisions that they agree with.

The United States is a representative democracy. People vote on federal, state and local government officials, including the President, Senators, governors, mayors, and more.

More Characteristics of Democracies

One very important characteristic of a democracy is that they have free, fair elections. All citizens are allowed to vote however they want.

And in most democracies today, all citizens can vote, regardless of gender, race, or other factors.

In addition, limits are placed on the people in positions of power.

For example, the president of the United States can only serve two four-year terms, and he can't pass laws without the approval of Congress.

Problems with Democracy

In a perfect world, democracy might be the perfect form of government. In reality, there are still some issues that democracies regularly experience.

For instance, running for office is extremely expensive, typically limiting positions of power to the wealthy.

In addition, two-party systems (like the Democrats and Republicans in the United States) can leave voters with few choices.

And when people vote and make decisions only along party lines, compromise on important issues becomes very challenging.

Sometimes, corruption results in unfair elections that limit the power of the people. Also, democracies are large and complex, which sometimes makes government processes slow and inefficient.

Despite these issues, democracy is considered one of the fairest forms of government.

People living in democracies tend to be healthier and wealthier, live longer, and have more rights and freedoms than people under other forms of government rule.

Fun Facts About Democracy

In the United States Constitution, the word "democracy" is never used. The government is called a "republic."

The term comes from "demos," the Greek word for "people."

Cleisthenes, a statesman from Athens, is considered the Father of Democracy.

According to the Democracy Index, the United States is a "flawed democracy."

It does have free and fair elections and extends rights to the people, but the Index gave it lower scores for functioning of government, political participation, and political culture.

Still, the United States is the longest-running recognized democracy in modern society.

Each of the 25 wealthiest countries in the world is a democracy.
US Government

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Democracy Facts For Kids [year] [History, Types & More]

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Democracy For Kids A democracy is a government that is run by the people. There are other forms of government, including monarchies, oligarchies, and dictatorships, in which the people do not have a say in government.

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From Academic Kids

Theocracy is a form of government in which a religion and the government are intertwined.

The word "theocracy" comes from the Greek theos which means "god," and kratein which means "to rule." Hence, theocracy literally means "rule by god."

In the most common usage of the term theocracy, in which some civil rulers are identical with some leaders of the dominant religion (e.g., the Byzantine emperor as head of the Church), governmental policies are either identical with or strongly influenced by the principles of a religion (often the majority religion), and typically, the government claims to rule on behalf of God or a higher power, as specified by the local religion. However, unlike other forms of government, a theocracy can be unique in that the administrative hierarchy of government is often identical with the administrative hierarchy of a religion. This distinguishes a theocracy from forms of governments which have a state religion or from traditional monarchies in which the head of state claims that his or her authority comes from God.

A more literal term for what is commonly meant by "theocracy" is "ecclesiocracy," which denotes the rule of a religious leader or body in the name of God, as opposed to the literal rule of God.

Forms

There are different forms of theocracy. One is caesaro-papism, in which power is shared between a secular ruler (an emperor) and a religious leader (a pope or archbishop). Theocracy can also be exercised directly by the clergy (as in Iran) or indirectly (such as via the divine right of kings).

This form of government was advocated by reformer John Calvin.

Between World War I and World War II there were several European countries that were ruled by Fascist movements tied to specific religions that have been called forms of Clerical fascism and by some, theocracies.

Current theocratic nations today include:

Historically, many theocracies have existed on a national level, and many more have existed in communes, cloisters and cities. Some examples of these include:

Many Western democracies today have active political movements that advocate constitutional theocracy.

History

The concept of theocracy was first coined by Josephus Flavius in the 1st century. He defined theocracy as the characteristic government for Jews. Josephus' definition was widely accepted until the enlightenment era, when the term started to collect more universalistic and undeniably negative connotations, especially in Hegel's hands. After that 'theocracy' has been mostly used to label certain politically unpopular societies as somehow less 'rational' or 'developed'. The concept is often used in sociology also, but rarely or never properly defined for objective scientific usage.

It could be argued that the British monarch is technically a theocratic ruler because of her title as Supreme Governor of the Church of England. However, as the monarch retains only ceremonial authority, most people do not consider the United Kingdom, or any other nations with the British monarch serving as Head of State, as a theocracy.

Theocratic parties and movements

Literary works critical of theocracy

See also

constitutional monarchy, democracy, ethnocentrism, hierocracy, Islamic republic, monarchy, oligarchy, statolatry, Theonomy, Dominion Theology, Calvinism, Separation of church and state, United States.bg:Теокрация

da:Teokrati de:Theokratie fr:Théocratie he:תאוקרטיה it:Teocrazia ja:神政政治nl:Theocratie pt:Teocracia

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Theocracy is a form of government in which a religion and the government are intertwined.

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Monarchies have existed since people first started forming civilizations. In early times some peoples, like the ancient Egyptians, saw their monarchs as godlike or as actual gods. Beginning in the 1500s, many European monarchs claimed that their power came directly from God. This idea was called the divine right of kings.

By the 1700s, however, more and more citizens had come to see monarchs not as divine rulers but as brutal tyrants. In 1776 the people in the American colonies broke away from the British monarchy. They formed a republic -a country ruled by the people. As more colonies around the world gained independence, they almost always ended up as republics and not monarchies. World War I (1914-18) brought an end to many important European monarchies, including those of Russia, Germany, and Austria-Hungary.

Today monarchies survive in the United Kingdom, Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands, Morocco, Jordan, Japan, and several other countries. These are all constitutional monarchies. Stronger forms of monarchy exist in Saudi Arabia and Eswatini (formerly Swaziland).

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Monarchies have existed since people first started forming civilizations. In early times some peoples, like the ancient Egyptians, saw their monarchs as godlike or as actual gods. Beginning in the 1500s, many European monarchs claimed that their power came directly from God. This idea was called the divine right of kings.

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What is democracy?

How do they make decisions?

What are some facts about democracy? At least 3.

How do people in a democracy come into power?

What are some countries who have a democratic government?

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What is theocracy?

Who are the important people in a theocracy and what do they do?

What influences the decisions in a theocratic government?

What are some interesting facts about theocracy? At least 3.

What are some countries who have theocratic government?

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What is a monarchy?

What are he two types of monarchy?

What are some interesting facts about monarchy? At least 3.

Who are the important people in a monarchy and what do they do?

What are some counties who have a monarchy?

What is a constitution?

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Democracy is defined as a "form of government in which the common people hold political power." This means common people can either become country leaders through the electoral process or elect leaders who represent their core values and beliefs. In terms of the number of democratic countries in the world, as of 2018, there were 99 democracies globally.

Woman taking exit poll interview on election day

Elements of a Democracy

Since there are different types of democracies, there are different criteria for each type. Democracy is essentially the opposite of a dictatorship. A democracy of any kind generally includes four elements:

Elections system for choosing government type and officials

Human rights protection for all

Citizens actively participating in civics and politics

Laws apply equally to all citizens

Lists of Democratic Countries in the World

The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) has been keeping a database of countries with different types of regimes since 2006. This Democracy Index, rated on a 10-point scale based on 60 indicators, is updated each year. It covered 165 independent states and two territories in 2019.

According to the index, there are two types of democracies: a full democracy and a flawed democracy. This is one place you can find a full list of democratic countries.

Best Democratic Countries in the World

While worldwide organizations like the United Nations (UN) don't endorse any one type of government as the best, they do promote democracy because it provides greater participation, equality, security, and human development for people.

According to the scores given by the Democracy Index in 2019, these countries represent the best democratic governments in the world. All of them have a full democracy.

1. Norway - 9.87

2. Iceland - 9.58

3. Sweden - 9.39

4. New Zealand - 9.26

5. Finland - 9.25

Countries With Democracies in North America

Many countries found in North America have democratic governments.

Canada - Full democracy

Costa Rica - Full democracy

Dominican Republic - Flawed democracy

El Salvador - Flawed democracy

Jamaica - Flawed democracy

Mexico - Flawed democracy

Panama - Flawed democracy

Trinidad and Tobago - Flawed democracy

United States of America - Flawed democracy

Countries With Democracies in South America

Because of economic failure and political corruption, South American governments change frequently and almost none are full democracies.

Argentina - Flawed democracy

Brazil - Flawed democracy

Columbia - Flawed democracy

Ecuador - Flawed democracy

Guyana - Flawed democracy

Paraguay - Flawed democracy

Peru - Flawed democracy

Suriname - Flawed democracy

Uruguay - Full democracy

Countries With Democracies in Europe

Most countries in Europe operate under some form of democratic government.

Austria - Full democracy

Belgium - Flawed democracy

Bulgaria - Flawed democracy

Croatia - Flawed democracy

Cyprus - Flawed democracy

Czech Republic - Flawed democracy

Denmark - Full democracy

Estonia - Flawed democracy

France - Full democracy

Germany - Full democracy

Greece - Flawed democracy

Hungary - Flawed democracy

Ireland - Full democracy

Italy - Flawed democracy

Latvia - Flawed democracy

Lithuania - Flawed democracy

Luxembourg - Full democracy

Malta - Flawed democracy

Netherlands - Full democracy

Poland - Full democracy

Portugal - Full democracy

Romania - Flawed democracy

Serbia - Flawed democracy

Slovakia - Flawed democracy

Slovenia - Flawed democracy

Spain - Full democracy

Switzerland - Full democracy

United Kingdom - Full democracy

Countries With Democracies in Asia

Democratic governments are more common in the Western world, but you can still find democratic countries in Asia.

Hong Kong - Flawed democracy

India - Flawed democracy

Indonesia - Flawed democracy

Israel - Flawed democracy

Japan - Flawed democracy

Malaysia - Flawed democracy

Mongolia - Flawed democracy

Philippines - Flawed democracy

Singapore - Flawed democracy

South Korea - Flawed democracy

Sri Lanka - Flawed democracy

Taiwan - Flawed democracy

Timor-Leste (East Timor) - Flawed democracy

Thailand - Flawed democracy

Countries With Democracies in Africa

Corruption and ongoing wars often change the government structures in Africa. However, there are still a few democracies on the continent.

Botswana - Flawed democracy

Cape Verde - Flawed democracy

Ghana - Flawed democracy

Lesotho - Flawed democracy

Mauritius - Full democracy

Namibia - Flawed democracy

South Africa - Flawed democracy

Tunisia - Flawed democracy

Countries With Democracies in Oceania

Oceania is not technically a continent. Rather, it is a region that describes several countries that may not be part of other continents.

Australia - Full democracy

Papua New Guinea - Flawed democracy

Historical Changes in Democracy Throughout the World

According to political research, democracy around the world has been trending upward since the 1970s. This trend continued into the early 2000s, but some experts now suggest democracy is on the decline again in the late 2000s. Some form of democracy has existed in the world since the 5th century.

Where Can You Find Democracy

Examples of democracy exist all around the world, but governments can change frequently, making it hard to keep a current list of world democracies. Check current events to stay on top of what changes are happening to create or destroy democratic governments in different countries. Just remember to apply your critical thinking skills in evaluating what may be fake news.

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Democracy is defined as a "form of government in which the common people hold political power." This means common people can either become country leaders through the electoral process or elect leaders who represent their core values and beliefs. In terms of the number of democratic countries in the world, as of 2018, there were 99 democracies globally.

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This is a list of countries categorized by system of government.

Presidential / Separated republics

Where a president is the active head of the executive branch of government and is independent from the legislature. The following list includes democratic and non-democratic states:

Full presidential systems

In full presidential systems, the president is both head of state and head of government. There is no prime minister.

Semi-presidential systems

In semi-presidential systems, there is a president and a prime minister. In such systems, the President has genuine executive authority, unlike in a parliamentary republic, but some of the role of a head of government is exercised by the prime minister.

Parliamentary republics

Where a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. However, there is also a president who serves as a symbolic head of state in some figurehead capacity. The following list includes democratic and non-democratic states:

Absolute monarchies

Monarchies in which the monarch is the active head of the executive branch and exercises all powers.

Constitutional monarchies

Where a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. The head of state is a constitutional monarch who only exercises his or her powers with the consent of the government and is largely a figurehead.

Semi-constitutional monarchies

The prime minister (or equivalent) is the nation's active executive, but the monarch still has considerable political powers that can be used at his/her own independent discretion.

Commonwealth realms

Constitutional monarchies, in which Queen Elizabeth II serves as head of state over an independent government. In each Realm, she acts as the monarch of that state, and is usually titled accordingly - for example, Queen of Australia. The Queen appoints a Governor-General to each country other than the United Kingdom to act as her representative. The prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature.

Theocracies

Non-democratic states based on a state religion where the head of state is selected by some form of religious hierarchy.

One-party states

Non-democratic states in which political power is concentrated within a single political party whose operations are largely fused with the government hierarchy.

People's Republic of China ( Communist Party) ( list)

Cuba ( Communist Party) ( list)

Eritrea ( People's Front) ( list)

Democratic People's Republic of Korea ( Workers' Party) ( list)

Laos ( Revolutionary (Communist) Party) ( list)

Syria ( Arab Socialist Ba'th Party) ( list)

Turkmenistan ( Democratic Party) ( list)

Vietnam ( Communist Party) ( list)

Military junta states

The nation's armed forces control the organs of government and all high-ranking political executives are also members of the military hierarchy.

Transitional

States which have a system of government which is in transition or turmoil and cannot be accurately classified.

Systems of Internal Governance

States in which the federal government shares power with semi-independent regional governments. In many cases, the central government is (in theory) a creation of the regional governments; a prime example is the United States.

States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to self-governing subsidiary governments, creating a de facto federation.

Regionalized unitary

States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to regional governments.

Chile (13 regions, each one divided into smaller provinces, which are sub-divided into several municipalities).

Italy (20 regions, five granted 'autonomous' status)

New Zealand (12 regions, 4 unitary authorities)

People's Republic of China (22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities, and 2 Special Administrative Regions: Hong Kong and Macau)

Philippines (79 provinces grouped into 17 regions, one granted 'administrative' status and one granted 'autonomous' status)

Serbia, significant autonomy granted to Kosovo.

A federacy is a country in which some substates function like states in a federation and others like states in a unitary state.

Denmark with 2 autonomous regions and 13 counties;

Finland with 1 autonomous province and 19 regions;

The Netherlands with 2 states and 12 provinces.

France with 1 sui generis collectivity and 26 régions, 4 collectivités d'outre-mer, 1 territoire d'outre-mer

see Unitary state

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list of countries by system of government

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List of countries by system of government

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This is a list of countries categorized by system of government. Where a president is the active head of the executive branch of government and is independent from the legislature. The following list includes democratic and non-democratic states: In full presidential systems, the president is both head of state and head of government.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
This is a list of countries categorized by system of government.

Presidential / Separated republics

Where a president is the active head of the executive branch of government and is independent from the legislature. The following list includes democratic and non-democratic states:

Full presidential systems

In full presidential systems, the president is both head of state and head of government. There is no prime minister.

Semi-presidential systems

In semi-presidential systems, there is a president and a prime minister. In such systems, the President has genuine executive authority, unlike in a parliamentary republic, but some of the role of a head of government is exercised by the prime minister.

Parliamentary republics

Where a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. However, there is also a president who serves as a symbolic head of state in some figurehead capacity. The following list includes democratic and non-democratic states:

Absolute monarchies

Monarchies in which the monarch is the active head of the executive branch and exercises all powers.

Constitutional monarchies

Where a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. The head of state is a constitutional monarch who only exercises his or her powers with the consent of the government and is largely a figurehead.

Semi-constitutional monarchies

The prime minister (or equivalent) is the nation's active executive, but the monarch still has considerable political powers that can be used at his/her own independent discretion.

Commonwealth realms

Constitutional monarchies, in which Queen Elizabeth II serves as head of state over an independent government. In each Realm, she acts as the monarch of that state, and is usually titled accordingly - for example, Queen of Australia. The Queen appoints a Governor-General to each country other than the United Kingdom to act as her representative. The prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature.

Theocracies

Non-democratic states based on a state religion where the head of state is selected by some form of religious hierarchy.

One-party states

Non-democratic states in which political power is concentrated within a single political party whose operations are largely fused with the government hierarchy.

People's Republic of China ( Communist Party) ( list)

Cuba ( Communist Party) ( list)

Eritrea ( People's Front) ( list)

Democratic People's Republic of Korea ( Workers' Party) ( list)

Laos ( Revolutionary (Communist) Party) ( list)

Syria ( Arab Socialist Ba'th Party) ( list)

Turkmenistan ( Democratic Party) ( list)

Vietnam ( Communist Party) ( list)

Military junta states

The nation's armed forces control the organs of government and all high-ranking political executives are also members of the military hierarchy.

Transitional

States which have a system of government which is in transition or turmoil and cannot be accurately classified.

Systems of Internal Governance

States in which the federal government shares power with semi-independent regional governments. In many cases, the central government is (in theory) a creation of the regional governments; a prime example is the United States.

States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to self-governing subsidiary governments, creating a de facto federation.

Regionalized unitary

States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to regional governments.

Chile (13 regions, each one divided into smaller provinces, which are sub-divided into several municipalities).

Italy (20 regions, five granted 'autonomous' status)

New Zealand (12 regions, 4 unitary authorities)

People's Republic of China (22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities, and 2 Special Administrative Regions: Hong Kong and Macau)

Philippines (79 provinces grouped into 17 regions, one granted 'administrative' status and one granted 'autonomous' status)

Serbia, significant autonomy granted to Kosovo.

A federacy is a country in which some substates function like states in a federation and others like states in a unitary state.

Denmark with 2 autonomous regions and 13 counties;

Finland with 1 autonomous province and 19 regions;

The Netherlands with 2 states and 12 provinces.

France with 1 sui generis collectivity and 26 régions, 4 collectivités d'outre-mer, 1 territoire d'outre-mer

see Unitary state

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list of countries by system of government

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
List of countries by system of government

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This is a list of countries categorized by system of government. Where a president is the active head of the executive branch of government and is independent from the legislature. The following list includes democratic and non-democratic states: In full presidential systems, the president is both head of state and head of government.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
This is a list of countries categorized by system of government.

Presidential / Separated republics

Where a president is the active head of the executive branch of government and is independent from the legislature. The following list includes democratic and non-democratic states:

Full presidential systems

In full presidential systems, the president is both head of state and head of government. There is no prime minister.

Semi-presidential systems

In semi-presidential systems, there is a president and a prime minister. In such systems, the President has genuine executive authority, unlike in a parliamentary republic, but some of the role of a head of government is exercised by the prime minister.

Parliamentary republics

Where a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. However, there is also a president who serves as a symbolic head of state in some figurehead capacity. The following list includes democratic and non-democratic states:

Absolute monarchies

Monarchies in which the monarch is the active head of the executive branch and exercises all powers.

Constitutional monarchies

Where a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. The head of state is a constitutional monarch who only exercises his or her powers with the consent of the government and is largely a figurehead.

Semi-constitutional monarchies

The prime minister (or equivalent) is the nation's active executive, but the monarch still has considerable political powers that can be used at his/her own independent discretion.

Commonwealth realms

Constitutional monarchies, in which Queen Elizabeth II serves as head of state over an independent government. In each Realm, she acts as the monarch of that state, and is usually titled accordingly - for example, Queen of Australia. The Queen appoints a Governor-General to each country other than the United Kingdom to act as her representative. The prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature.

Theocracies

Non-democratic states based on a state religion where the head of state is selected by some form of religious hierarchy.

One-party states

Non-democratic states in which political power is concentrated within a single political party whose operations are largely fused with the government hierarchy.

People's Republic of China ( Communist Party) ( list)

Cuba ( Communist Party) ( list)

Eritrea ( People's Front) ( list)

Democratic People's Republic of Korea ( Workers' Party) ( list)

Laos ( Revolutionary (Communist) Party) ( list)

Syria ( Arab Socialist Ba'th Party) ( list)

Turkmenistan ( Democratic Party) ( list)

Vietnam ( Communist Party) ( list)

Military junta states

The nation's armed forces control the organs of government and all high-ranking political executives are also members of the military hierarchy.

Transitional

States which have a system of government which is in transition or turmoil and cannot be accurately classified.

Systems of Internal Governance

States in which the federal government shares power with semi-independent regional governments. In many cases, the central government is (in theory) a creation of the regional governments; a prime example is the United States.

States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to self-governing subsidiary governments, creating a de facto federation.

Regionalized unitary

States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to regional governments.

Chile (13 regions, each one divided into smaller provinces, which are sub-divided into several municipalities).

Italy (20 regions, five granted 'autonomous' status)

New Zealand (12 regions, 4 unitary authorities)

People's Republic of China (22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities, and 2 Special Administrative Regions: Hong Kong and Macau)

Philippines (79 provinces grouped into 17 regions, one granted 'administrative' status and one granted 'autonomous' status)

Serbia, significant autonomy granted to Kosovo.

A federacy is a country in which some substates function like states in a federation and others like states in a unitary state.

Denmark with 2 autonomous regions and 13 counties;

Finland with 1 autonomous province and 19 regions;

The Netherlands with 2 states and 12 provinces.

France with 1 sui generis collectivity and 26 régions, 4 collectivités d'outre-mer, 1 territoire d'outre-mer

see Unitary state

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list of countries by system of government

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
List of countries by system of government

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This is a list of countries categorized by system of government. Where a president is the active head of the executive branch of government and is independent from the legislature. The following list includes democratic and non-democratic states: In full presidential systems, the president is both head of state and head of government.