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During this period, Gregorian Chant, also known as Plainchant or Plainsong, was developed.

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This is the year that Organum was developed. Organum had a Plainchant Melody, but also added at least one other voice to enhance the harmony. This voice was not yet independent, so it was not quite considered Polyphony yet.

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These dramas, which were primarily performed in churches, began to unfold throughout Europe. They were often incorporated into sermons, and included speaking, acting, and music. These were primarily written in Latin.

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During this period, Monophonic/Secular songs began to be accompanied by instruments and other singers. Secular Songs were not religious. These songs were often song by Troubadours, who were traveling composer-singers.

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Guido de Arezzo was a Benedictine monk and choirmaster. During this time, he created a new method to teach singing, which is now known as Modern Music Notation. This notation replaced the neumatic notation that was being used up until this point. Modern Music Notation is still being used today!

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Hildegard von Bingen was a German Benedictine abbess, writer, composer, philosopher, visionary, and polymath. She made countless contributions to many different areas of learning, but in terms of music, she is one of the most well-known composers of not only this era, but of all time.

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The Goliards were a group of clergy who wrote satirical Latin Poetry, Songs, and Performances to mock the church.

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Notre Dame School of Polyphony (1160-1250)

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Notre Dame School of Polyphony (1160-1250)

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The Notre Dame School of Polyphony refers to the group of composers that were working at or near the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris from around 1160-1250, along with the music that they produced. The two composers who we know of that were part of this group were Leonin and Perotin.

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Defined as "Old Art", this was the term to define all of the music that was written from 1170-1310. This included all of the music written from the Notre Dame School of Polyphony, as well as the beginning stages of the Motet. It was Ars Antiqua music that first began to introduce rhythmic notation.

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Defined as "New Art". During this period, secular music started to take on the polyphonic sophistication that only sacred music used to possess. Pieces also started to have greater rhythmic independence, and did not follow rhythmic modes. The most popular composer at this time was Guillaume de Machaut

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Dunstable and Triadic Harmony (1375-1475)

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Dunstable and Triadic Harmony (1375-1475)

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The most popular composers during this time were John Dunstable, Guillaume Dufay, and Leonel Power. Dunstable was known for adding full triadic harmony to his pieces, which was a distinctive style of polyphony that would be present in music from this point on.