# data[].attributes.body
England's reformation began with Henry VIII quest to having a boy. He passed laws in which he became the head ruler of the Church, all so that he could divorce his wife and have more kids.

# data[].attributes.body
Martin Luther was a German theologian and religious reformer who was the catalyst of the 16th-century Protestant Reformation.

# data[].attributes.body
Ultimately the pros tent Reformation led to the modern democracy, skepticism, capitalism, individualism, civil rights and many of the modern values we cherish today.

# data[].attributes.body
Luther had a problem with the fact the catholic church of his day was essentially selling indulgences.

# data[].attributes.body
In the 16th century , many events led to the protestant reformation.

# data[].attributes.body
England's reformation began with Henry VIII quest to having a boy. He passed laws in which he became the head ruler of the Church, all so that he could divorce his wife and have more kids.

# data[].attributes.body
Martin Luther was a German monk and a professor of theology. It was thanks to his 95 theses that a big chain of events occurred that would change the Church forever.

# data[].attributes.body
the reformation began with Henry Vll's l quest. the England church broke apart after pope refused to annul Henry's marriage.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Dating the Reformation Historians usually date the start of the Protestant Reformation to the 1517 publication of Martin Luther’s “95 Theses.” Its ending can be placed anywhere from the 1555 Peace of Augsburg, which allowed for the coexistence of Catholicism and Lutheranism in Germany, to the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years’ […]

# data[].attributes.body
Martin luther was a monk and theologian. he was the most significant persons in the christian history.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Martin Luther, the Reformation and the nation | DW Documentary

# data[].attributes.body
Indulgences: release from punishment due for a sin

Reformation- 16th century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of new Christian churches.

Lutheran-Member of the protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther

Protestant- Member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the reformation.

# data[].attributes.body
The reformation in England began when the church as a whole broke away from the pope.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Protestant Reformation In England Part 1 (6 in reformation series)

# data[].attributes.body
the protestants led to modern democracy, capitalism, individualism, civil rights, and many of the modern values we have today.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Reformation and Consequences: Crash Course European History #7

# data[].attributes.body
The reformation in England began when the church as a whole broke away from the pope. Henry married many throughout his life and had a big impact. Even his daughter became a ruler.

# data[].attributes.body
Martin luther was protesting because the church was selling indulgence. He then put up posters and the word was spread around germany.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Martin Luther | Biography, Reformation, Accomplishments, Quotes, & Facts

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Martin Luther, German theologian and religious reformer who initiated the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century. Through his words and actions, Luther precipitated a movement that reformulated certain basic tenets of Christian belief. Learn about his life, education, writings, excommunication, and legacy.

# data[].attributes.body
Martin Luther was a German professor of theology he was also an Augustinian monk.

# data[].attributes.body
Martin Luther was a German monk who triggered the revolt. Luther began teaching on these topics that focused around the beliefs of christianity. He used the printing press to spread his ideas out quickly.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
History 101: The Protestant Reformation | National Geographic

# data[].attributes.body
so many people were disagreeing with the choices that were gonna be made. people criticized the church for the practices

# data[].attributes.body
Luther's reformation caused religious turmoil for a long time to come. After King Henry VIII daughter became queen, she burned thousands of Protestants who were Protestants due to her half brother, the king before her, accepting Protestants as the main religion.

# data[].attributes.body
The reformation began when Martin started protesting.  The Protestant Reformation increased literacy throughout Europe and ignited a renewed passion for education.

# data[].attributes.body
The church of England broke away from the authority of the pope and the Catholic church. Henry VIII was a big part of the reformation in England. He married 6 woman and his daughter because ruler

# data[].attributes.body
The reformation began when Martin started protesting for change soon after many people followed along. Peasants began protesting even against some of Martins ideas. Tens of thousands were killed.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Blood on the streets: the 1572 St Bartholomew's Day massacre. Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre by Francois Dubois via Wikimedia Commons

It has been 500 years since what is seen as the "start" of the Reformation, when the German monk Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses to the door of a church in Wittenberg, challenging practices in the late medieval Catholic Church and ushering in a schism that led to the rise of Protestantism across Europe.

For the Lutheran and Catholic churches, the anniversary has been an occasion for attempts to bridge some of the divides of the Reformation, including a joint service between Pope Francis and the Lutheran Church in Sweden, and Pope Francis's acknowledgement of the positive elements of Luther's teachings. On January 17, the Archbishops of Canterbury and York released a statement expressing regret for the divisions of the Reformation.

During the seismic religious changes of the 16th and 17th centuries, atrocities were committed and martyrs were made. Episodes of violence had a profound impact on those who lived through them, and those who discussed, read about or have remembered them since. Here are five episodes of violence that shaped how Europeans saw themselves for centuries after.

1. The German Peasant's War (1525)

Martin Luther's search for a purer form of Christianity could appeal to different groups for different reasons. His doctrine of the priesthood of all believers, stressing the spiritual equality of all men in the eyes of God, was particularly powerful for those at the bottom of the hierarchy.

The attempts by peasants in the Holy Roman Empire to realise the Gospel message - a message which to them promised social as well as spiritual equality - led to one of the largest popular rebellions in early modern Europe, with rebel armies made up of as many as 40,000 in some areas. The violent actions of the peasants were met with violent condemnation by Luther in print, while harsh suppression by the authorities meant that tens of thousands lost their lives in the rebellion's aftermath.

2. The end of the Kingdom of Münster (1536)

ptwo/flickr, CC BY

Just a decade after the Peasants War, the spectre of Reformation-inspired anarchy returned to the Holy Roman Empire. In Münster, a group of radical Anabaptists took control of the city and established a spiritual government. Its challenge to the religious and political status quo was considered immediate and grave: the practice of polygamy within the community was viewed as just one manifestation of all that was at threat.

When the new government began to collapse, the Catholic authorities moved in: the leading Anabaptists were put to the sword, their body parts placed in cages on the outside of the cathedral. For contemporaries, Münster and its bloody end was an argument for obedience to the secular and religious authorities. It also resulted in an enduring suspicion towards religious radicals: while not all Anabaptists embraced violent revolution, they became the target of hostility across Europe.

3. The Massacre of Saint Bartholomew's Day (1572)

This massacre was perhaps the most notorious episode of religious violence of the Reformation era. On August 24, 1572, in the midst of celebrations of a marriage between a Catholic princess and a Protestant king, at least 2,000 French Protestants were murdered on the streets of Paris.

The news of events in Paris also sparked massacres in other French cities. While the direct role of the French monarchy in the massacre, and the exact numbers killed, remain sources of debate, the "popular" element of the violence was striking: victims were often known to perpetrators. Catholic powers praised the killings, and the French Protestant cause saw a wave of exile and conversions.

4. The Thirty Years War (1618-1648)

This war, or series of wars, is sometimes remembered as the last of the wars of religion. Some of its origins lay with tensions over the religious settlement offered in the Peace of Augsburg (1555), which allowed for Lutheran and Catholic territories within the Holy Roman Empire. A Protestant revolt against Catholic Habsburg rule in Bohemia spiralled into a conflict in which all the major powers of Europe became involved.

The Hanging by Jacques Callot

Parts of the German-speaking lands were utterly decimated - some areas lost between a quarter and a half of their population. The episodes of violence associated with both Protestant and Catholic troops in the war were legendary, and stories spread across Europe.

5. Christian violence against non-Christians

As the historian Nicholas Terpstra recently argued, the Reformation-era drive for purity was turned not only against rival Christian denominations, but also against non-Christian populations.

In this light, the victory claimed in 1492 by Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand, rulers of Castille and Aragon, over the Muslim populations of the Iberian peninsula with the fall of the Kingdom of Granada, is a more appropriate starting point to the Reformation than Luther's actions in Wittenberg.

The "reconversion" of Spain to Christianity, and the expulsion of the Jewish and Muslim populations of the peninsula were hugely significant acts of symbolic and practical violence. And, beyond both 1492 and 1517, as Spain and other European nations acquired overseas empires, they also began to convert and subdue non-European peoples, sometimes with great violence.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Five of the most violent moments of the Reformation

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
It has been 500 years since what is seen as the "start" of the Reformation, when the German monk Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses to the door of a church in Wittenberg, challenging practices in the late medieval Catholic Church and ushering in a schism that led to the rise of Protestantism across Europe.

# data[].attributes.body
Luther as a young man wanted to live a holy life, however he started to see the worldliness and corruption of the Church. He began to protest by writing the 95 Theses (95 Arguments) and putting them up on a Church door after seeing a priest selling indulgences.

# data[].attributes.body
Luther started protesting because the church was selling indulgence.He posted a protest on the door of a castle church.

# data[].attributes.body
Martin Luther was a German professor of theology he was also an Augustinian monk. He composed the ¨95 Theses¨

# data[].attributes.body
Martin was upset when he heard the church was selling indulgences, especially when one man named Johann Tetzel claimed this would get you and your ancestors in heaven.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Johann Tetzel: Johann Tetzel, German Dominican friar whose preaching on indulgences, considered by many of his contemporaries to be an abuse of the sacrament of penance, sparked Martin Luther's reaction. After entering the Dominican order, probably at Leipzig, Tetzel was appointed inquisitor for Poland (1509) and

# data[].attributes.body
In the start of the 16th century

# data[].attributes.body
Some people didn’t want to pay taxes to support the Church in Rome. Others sharply criticized the Church for some of its practices.

# data[].attributes.body
Many people disagreed with what was going on with the church. The popes fought very hard to protect the church and the land it was on.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Luther and the Protestant Reformation: Crash Course World History #218

# data[].attributes.body
The Reformation effected modern day values such as civil rights and capitalism. After the reformation the universe was discovered

# data[].attributes.body
The Church had become to start corrupt. The pope lived a life of luxury. The Church raises prices on things such as marriages. The Church also made people pay for indulgences, exclaiming that if they payed, they and their family would get into heaven.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zrpcwmn/revision/1

# data[].attributes.body
Luther started protesting because the church was selling indulgences. He posted his protest on the door of a castle church then the reformation started

# data[].attributes.body
Reformation- A 16th-century movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Catholic Church ending in the establish of the Reformed and Protestant Churches.

# data[].attributes.body
Reformation - To turn one thing and shape it a little differently . Changing it around.
Indulgences - When you sin and are released or done being punished for it.

# data[].attributes.body
Indulgences: release from punishment due for a sin Reformation- 16th-century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of new Christian churches.

# data[].attributes.body
Indulgence- A way of apologizing for sins you have committed. Will lessen your time in purgatory.
Worldliness-concern with material values or ordinary life rather than a spiritual existence.
Protestant-A member or follower of any of the Western Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church and follow the principles of the Reformation, including the Baptist, Presbyterian, and Lutheran churches.

# data[].attributes.body
Peace of Augsburg:in 1555 declaring the religion of each German state would be decided by  its ruler

annul:Cancel or put an end

Anglican: Relating to the Church of England

# data[].attributes.body
In England, the Reformation began with Henry VIII's quest for a male heir. When Pope Clement VII refused to annul Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon so he could remarry, the English king declared in 1534 that he alone should be the final authority in matters relating to the English church.

# data[].attributes.body
some criticized the Church for some of its practices christian humanists such as Erasmus and Thomas More added calls for change In the early 1500s the calls grew louder.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
REFORMATION - What were the causes of the Reformation?

# data[].attributes.body
People didn't want to pay taxes to the church and some criticized the church for their practices. Luther protested against the catholic church

# data[].attributes.body
in 1517, a German monk named Martin Luther protested against a Church official who was selling indulgences.Luther challenged this practice to others that is when the beginning of the Reformation.

# data[].attributes.body
Luther's main ideal 1. Salvation by faith alone.

Luther's main ideal 2. The bible is the only authority.

Luther's main ideal 3. The priesthood of all believers.

Salvation by faith alone. Faith in god was the only way of salvation.

The bible is the only authority. ...

The priesthood of all believers.

# data[].attributes.body
the Reformation, a movement for reform that led to the founding of new Christian churches

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Protestant Reformation: Crash Course European History #6

# data[].attributes.body
Reformation: 16th-century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of new Christian churches

Lutheran: Member of a protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther

Protestant: Member of a Christian church founded on the principals of the Reformation

Peace of Augsburg: Agreement in 1555 declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler

# data[].attributes.body
The man who triggered the revolt was a german monk and professor of theology Martin luther

# data[].attributes.body
One of Henry’s daughters, Elizabeth, became queen in 1558. She finished creating a separate English church Henry had Parliament pass laws that created the Church of England these laws made the king or queen, not the pope

# data[].attributes.body
Ultimately the Protestant Reformation led to modern democracy, skepticism, capitalism, individualism, civil rights, and many of the modern values we cherish today. The Protestant Reformation increased literacy throughout Europe and ignited a renewed passion for education.

# data[].attributes.body
But in 1517 Luther penned a document attacking the Catholic Church's corrupt practice of selling “indulgences” to absolve sin. ... The Catholic Church was ever after divided, and the Protestantism that soon emerged was shaped by Luther's ideas. His writings changed the course of religious and cultural history in the West.

# data[].attributes.body
Causes of Reformation. The start of the 16th century, many events led to the Protestant reformation. Clergy abuse caused people to begin criticizing the Catholic Church. The greed and scandalous lives of the clergy had created a split between them and the peasants.

# data[].attributes.body
Nepotism. Appointment of relatives to jobs in the Church.

Pluralism. ...

Absenteeism. ...

Indulgences. ...