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the "getting ready to write stage" when authors determine topic, purpose, audience, and organize ideas.

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In college, I spent a lot of time prewriting for research papers. I brainstormed ideas, organized my ideas into an outline, determined headings and subheadings, and gathered information to bulk up my outline.

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A third grade class brainstormed things they knew how to do in preparation for selecting a topic for a "How To" essay

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"writers focus on getting their ideas down on paper"

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I took a creative writing class in college on writing short stories. When writing a draft, I did not focus on details but, instead, let my story "pour out" onto the paper.

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My younger brother used to write stories when he was in first grade called "Bob Stories." These were drafts of what could later be polished.

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"writers clarify and refine their ideas;" this is not the same as editing for grammar and mechanics.

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I took a creative writing class in college about poetry. We had weekly "Writer's Workshops" where two people read their work to the class and the class provided feedback to the authors.

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In my experience, this is the hardest for students to understand. Many confuse this with editing.

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"putting the pieces of writing into their final form;" this stage is more focused on conventions like spelling and grammar.

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Every week, I make edits to my reading responses for 572 before I submit them to make sure I have not made any grammatical errors.

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Students at Hill use the mnemonic CHOPS (capitals, handwriting, organization, punctuation, spelling) to edit their work.

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students "publish their writing and share it with an appropriate audience."

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In middle school, one of my poems was published in a book of young writers.

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students hang finished work in the hallway to be read by their peers, parents, and other teachers.