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This website (BrainPOP) has many different parts, with many different branches of science. The Diversity of Life section of this website is related to Biology because it has living things, and the six kingdoms. After clicking one of the headings you get some videos, activites, other readings, vocabulary, etc. related to that heading. This resource could be used in the classroom for teachers and students. The videos are also offered in Spanish for the students who speak Spanish as their first language or for students learning Spanish.

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Live Science is a website that breaks down the most interesting science topics, news, and photos on the internet. They also dig up interesting stories and facts. They also provide a subscription that will send you a magazine. This website can be a starter for science classes to find interesting facts. Or it could be used as a free choice for students during science class.

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Daily discoveries, groundbreaking research and fascinating science breakthroughs that impact you and the wider world, reported by our expert journalists.

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This website is for high school students, it brings real science stories to the classroom. This website provides activities, videos, and case studies to promote science practices and make students want to learn more about life science. This website is also for teachers to plan activities and lessons around life science. This website can also be converted into Spanish. This source is connected to Biology because it is videos and activities surrounding living life.

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In this activity, students further explore the short film Popped Secret: The Mysterious Origin of Corn, by working through the mathematical concepts behind George Beadle's claim that teosinte is the wild ancestor of maize.

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Empowering Educators. Inspiring Students. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world.

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This is an online resource for teaching and learning about Chemistry. ChemCollective has a variety of virtual labs, scenario-based learning activities, tutorials, and concept tests. Some of these resources have also been placed online for use during online learning. The activities can be modified based on your classroom or home needs. The people who run the website can help you modify any or most of the activities for your needs.

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ChemCollective Resources

The ChemCollective is a collection of virtual labs, scenario-based learning activities, tutorials, and concept tests. Teachers can use our content for pre-labs, for alternatives to textbook homework, and for in-class activities for individuals or teams. Students can review and learn chemistry concepts using our virtual labs, simulations, and tutorials. The ChemCollective is organized by a group of faculty and staff at Carnegie Mellon who are interested in using, assessing, and creating engaging online activities for chemistry education.

Chemistry resources for high schools impacted by COVID-19

The following free resources may be especially useful for online teaching of high school chemistry courses.

Open Learning Initative (OLI) General Chemistry I and II are complete online courseware for AP and college level chemistry. Each module includes short amounts of text, interactive worked examples, scaffolded practice problems, and assessments. The integration of these components provides a seamless and interactive learning experience for your students. The courseware also provides instructors with data on student performance, which they can use to adapt their instruction to student needs.

NGSS Chemistry Modules These online materials for a first course in chemistry aim to teach and reinforce chemistry concepts in the context of real-world scenarios, while incorporating virtual lab activities and strengthening student application of NGSS practices.

ChemCollective virtual labs The virtual labs hosted here allow students to design and carry out their own experiments. You can provide experimental procedures to your students or allow them to invent their own. The autograded labs create unknowns and provide feedback on students answers. Please contact for information on how to best use these with your students.

You can get immediate access to the open-and-free versions of General Chemistry I and General Chemistry II. To access the NGSS materials, please follow the instructions on chemvlab.orb. (At present, you need to sign up for an account and wait for approval, but we are working on ways to allow immediate access for evaluation. A single free account gets you free access to the NGSS materials along with General Chemistry I and II.)
A recording from our webinar on March 16 is available here. A discussion of the virtual lab starts at about 29:00. The earlier portions give an overview of the OLI General Chemistry I and II courseware. We also created an editable google doc to provide additional information on virtual labs, and help instructors collaborate on use of these labs.

Featured Resource

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The ChemCollective is a collection of virtual labs, scenario-based learning activities, tutorials, and concept tests. Teachers can use our content for pre-labs, for alternatives to textbook homework, and for in-class activities for individuals or teams. Students can review and learn chemistry concepts using our virtual labs, simulations, and tutorials.

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Middle School Chemistry offers inquiry based lesson plans, multimedia, workshops, and a fully downloadable PDF version of their book which includes lesson plans, and much more. The lessons are available in Spanish for ELL students. They have also recently added a remote learning section on their page which is lessons and activities that can be done online at home or at school.

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Middle School Chemistry - American Chemical Society

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American Chemical Society: Chemistry for Life.

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This website is a great place for teachers to share lessons related to Physics and other science subjects. It has lessons for all age and grade ranges. This website also has other subjects related to science. I liked this resource because it seemed to have lessons that would be good for ELL students.

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Elementary (Grades 3-5) Lesson Plan Templates

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From fractions to informational texts to civics, find the lesson plans you need to help your students succeed.

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Space.com is a place to go for science exploration, innovations, and astronomy news. On this  you can travel through the solar system and beyond. On the website it says, "from skywatching guides and stunning photos of the night sky to rocket launches and breaking news of robotic probes visiting other planets, at Space.com you'll find something amazing every day" (science.com). This website provides students and teachers with a learning tool to support their science minds.

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Get the latest space exploration, innovation and astronomy news. Space.com celebrates humanity's ongoing expansion across the final frontier.

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This website is a place for Scientists and people working in the Physics field to publish what is happening around the world of Physics and answer questions. Students would be able to go to this website everyday and get updates on what is new or what is happening with Physics in the world. Or at anytime if students had a question about Physics they could go to this website and find the information or ask someone that would know,

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Spectra Comic Book

Spectra 11: Super Special

Lucy and her Tesla Junior High classmates take a trip from Indiana to LIGO in Hanford, WA. Due to an unforeseen event, the laser goes offline right before the birth of a supernova. Follow spectra as she doubles up to undergo her biggest mission yet to collect gravitational waves from a rare exploding star. View Book

PhysicsQuest

PhysicsQuest 2019: Dr. Wu's Secret Project

This year's PhysicsQuest features the "First Lady of Physics," Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu. Each free kit includes four experiments that introduce students to the basics of physics in a fun and approachable way. Learn More
PhysicsQuest 2018: Spectra's Energetic Escape
Did you miss your chance to get last year's kit, but still want to follow Spectra's adventures? Download past activity guides from our archive.

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Spectra 11: Super Special Lucy and her Tesla Junior High classmates take a trip from Indiana to LIGO in Hanford, WA. Due to an unforeseen event, the laser goes offline right before the birth of a supernova. Follow spectra as she doubles up to undergo her biggest mission yet to collect gravitational waves from a rare exploding star.

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This website was created by a man named J.D. Knight. He is a astronomer and a marine aquamarine hobist. He wanted to create this website to share his love for the sea and the stars. This website has information, sources, games, news, and pictures related to the sea and the sky. If you are looking to research or play games related to the sea go on that side of the website by clicking, 'Travel To The Sea'!

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I must go down to the sea again, to the lonely sea and the sky; and all I ask is a tall ship and a star to steer her by.

- John Masefield, Poet

We have added dozens of new games to the Sea Games and Space Games sections of the site. New action games and new strategy games have been added. You'll find something for everyone so check them out and try your luck.

Our Meet the Ocean Explorers pages are now complete in the Ocean Exploration section of the site. These new pages feature fascinating facts and biographical information about the twelve most famous ocean explorers in history.
Click here to see more

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Sea and Sky - Explore the Oceans Below and the Universe Above

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I must go down to the sea again, to the lonely sea and the sky; and all I ask is a tall ship and a star to steer her by. - John Masefield, Poet We have added dozens of new games to the Sea Games and Space Games sections of the site.

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This website was created by a man named J.D. Knight. He is a astronomer and a marine aquamarine hobist. He wanted to create this website to share his love for the sea and the stars. This website has information, sources, games, news, and pictures related to the sea and the sky. If you are looking to research or play games related to the sky/space go on that side of the website by clicking, 'Travel To The Sky'!

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I must go down to the sea again, to the lonely sea and the sky; and all I ask is a tall ship and a star to steer her by.

- John Masefield, Poet

We have added dozens of new games to the Sea Games and Space Games sections of the site. New action games and new strategy games have been added. You'll find something for everyone so check them out and try your luck.

Our Meet the Ocean Explorers pages are now complete in the Ocean Exploration section of the site. These new pages feature fascinating facts and biographical information about the twelve most famous ocean explorers in history.
Click here to see more

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Sea and Sky - Explore the Oceans Below and the Universe Above

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I must go down to the sea again, to the lonely sea and the sky; and all I ask is a tall ship and a star to steer her by. - John Masefield, Poet We have added dozens of new games to the Sea Games and Space Games sections of the site.

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Mystery Doug is a website that helps with students curiosity and keeps it alive. This website explores the science questions that students may have. This website/Doug takes students questions and creates videos to help answer the questions. Their mission is to help the next generation of children realize that the world they are living in is full of possibility and wonder.

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This is another part of the BrainPOP website, but this section, Earth System, is about Geology. Some of the headings in this section are rainforests, wildfires, water, earth, ice age, huminity, etc. This section will also give you videos, activities, other readings, vocabulary, etc. This resource would be good from students or teachers to use in the classroom. The videos are also offered in Spanish for the students who speak Spanish as their first language or for students learning Spanish.

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This website (BrainPOP) has many different parts, with many different branches of science. On this website there is a Weather section which has climate change, weather, temperature, seasons, and many other things related to weather, After clicking one of the headings you get some videos, activites, other readings, vocabulary, etc. related to that heading. This resource could be used in the classroom for teachers and students. The videos are also offered in Spanish for the students who speak Spanish as their first language or for students learning Spanish.

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Contemplate the ever-changing weather systems of earth!

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This website (BrainPOP) has many different parts, with many different branches of science. On this website there is a forces of nature section which has earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, wildfires, and many other topics related to weather. After clicking one of the headings you get some videos, activites, other readings, vocabulary, etc. related to that heading. This resource could be used in the classroom for teachers and students. The videos are also offered in Spanish for the students who speak Spanish as their first language or for students learning Spanish.

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Science Unit: Forces of Nature - BrainPOP

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This website is a blog by a guy named Daniel who is a bona fide plant nerd. This blog is up to date and gets new posts every wednesday. He posts things related to plants and botany in general. Teachers and students could use this website as a support for their plant learning.

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Cooler weather has me thinking about hot tea again. This time around I decided to go with something I've already tried and know that I like. Despite the fact that lemon balm can be quite abundant and readily available, I don't really drink it that often. Yet, considering claims made regarding its calming nature, this is definitely the year to have it.

Melissa officinalis is an herbaceous perennial native to the Mediterranean Basin and beyond. It has been widely planted outside of its native range and has become naturalized - some might say weedy - in many parts of the world. It self-sows easily and also spreads readily via stolons and/or rhizomes. It isn't picky about soil type and grows well in both sun and part shade. Lemon balm is in the mint family and acts in a similarly aggresive way to some of its relatives, but luckily isn't nearly as tenacious as mint in its tendency to dominate a garden bed.

The leaves of lemon balm have a wrinkled appearance, are triangular or wedge-shaped with toothed margins, and are arranged oppositely on square stems up to three feet tall. Small, white or pale yellow (sometimes pale pink) flowers are inconspicuous and produced in the axils of leaves. They are often sparse enough to be hardly noticeable. This plant's aesthetic appeal is all about its pleasant and prolific green foliage. Yet, despite the simplicity of its flowers, lemon balm is known for being attractive to bees and is often propagated specifically to feed honeybees. In fact, the genus name Melissa apparently means honeybee in Ancient Greek.

The leaves of lemon balm can be consumed fresh or dried and have a number of other uses besides tea. They have a sweet, lemon-like scent and, like so many other herbs with a long history of human use, have a wide array of medicinal claims associated with them. Many sources agree on lemon balm's ability to calm the nerves, reduce stress and anxiety, and fight off insomnia. According to The Herb Society of America's Essential Guide to Growing and Cooking with Herbs, lemon balm "has been used as a relaxing agent and as an aid to restful, nightmare-free sleep." Sounds like I could use more lemon balm in my life.

Lemon balm tea can be made with either fresh or dried leaves, but fresh leaves seem to make a more flavorful tea. I had only tried tea made from dried leaves until recently and have decided that I prefer fresh leaves. Simply harvest a few leaves, cut or tear them apart to release the lemony flavor, place them in a cup, and cover them in hot water. Some recipes (like this one) suggest adding honey, while others mix lemon balm with additional herbs known for their lemon-like flavor or relaxing nature (lemon thyme and lemon verbena, for example). Sierra was immediately taken by lemon balm tea when she tried it - in contrast to her experience with violet leaf tea - and even said it was right up there with her preferred black teas. I'm not surprised, as it is one of my favorite teas as well.

More Tea Time Posts on Awkward Botany:

In spite of a global pandemic, the third annual Boise Goathead Fest took place last Saturday in Boise, Idaho. In order to make it happen, organizers had to think creatively, completely reenvisioning the event in order to keep the community safe and healthy. This, of course, meant no giant bike parade and no large gathering in the park. Instead, members of individual households embarked on their own socially-distanced bike rides, meeting up in small groups for a wide variety of mini-events across town. An online radio show made possible by Radio Boise provided the day's soundtrack and kept us all up to date with regular live announcements.

On Saturday morning, Sierra and I decorated our bikes and ourselves and headed out on our two-person bike parade. Our first stop was the Goathead Monster's Lair located in the alley behind Boise Bicycle Project. There we picked up food, beverages, and a map. The list of places to go and things to see was extensive. At our relaxed pace, there was no way we were going to see it all, which wasn't really our goal anyway. Times are strange, and we were just happy to be out in the world taking part in another Goathead Fest.

Not only is the Goathead Fest a celebration of bicycles and community and an opportunity to raise money for pedal-powered non-profits in the Treasure Valley, it's also a way to bring awareness to a noxious weed responsible for countless flat tires year in and year out. Tribulus terrestris is the bane of bicyclists. Its round, spiky fruits lie in wait to royally ruin our rides. Thanks to collection efforts that take place in the months leading up to the Goathead Fest, thousands of pounds of puncture vine are removed from our streets each year.

This year, another round, spiky ball threatened to ruin our ride. This threat is much smaller and considerably more damaging. Invisible to the naked eye, it has infected hundreds of members of our community, killing many of them, much like it has done in communities across the world. With the threat of COVID-19 looming over our heads, the Boise Goathead Fest felt and looked much different. We masked up and tried to keep our distance from each other. We dispersed ourselves across the city and enjoyed the company of much smaller crowds. As someone who, apart from work and occassional trips to the store, has largely removed himself from social gatherings, I felt nervous to be out. Thanks to the thoughtfulness and awareness of Goathead Fest organizers, my fears were largely soothed. It was important for me to, once again, be together with Boise's bicylce community and feel a renewed sense of hope for the future.

We are all looking forward to the day when the only round, spiky ball that threatens to keep us off our bikes are those blasted goatheads, and even those - if we keep at it - might someday be a thing of the past.

More Party Time for Puncture Vine on Awkward Botany

Violas keep a secret hidden below their foliage. Sometimes they even bury it shallowly in the soil near their roots. I suppose it's not a secret really, just something out of sight. There isn't a reason to show it off, after all. Showy flowers are showy for the sole purpose of attracting pollinators. If pollinators are unnecessary, there is no reason for showy flowers, or to even show your flowers at all. That's the story behind the cleistogamous flowers of violas. They are a secret only because unless you know to look for them, you would have no idea they were there at all.

Cleistogamy means closed marriage, and it describes a self-pollinating flower whose petals remain sealed shut. The opposite of cleistogamy is chasmogamy (open marriage). Most of the flowers we are familiar with are chasmogamous. They open and expose their sex parts in order to allow for cross-pollination (self-pollination can also occur in such flowers). Violas have chasmogamous flowers too. They are the familiar five-petaled flowers raised up on slender stalks above the green foliage. Cross-pollination occurs in these flowers, and seed-bearing fruits are the result. Perhaps as a way to ensure reproduction, violas also produce cleistogamous flowers, buried below their leaves.

Flowers are expensive things to make, especially when the goal is to attract pollinators. Colorful petals, nectar, nutritious pollen, and other features that help advertise to potential pollinators all require significant resources. All this effort is worth it when it results in the ample production of viable seeds, but what if it doesn't? Having a method for self-pollination ensures that reproduction will proceed in the absence of pollinators or in the event that floral visitors don't get the job done. A downside, of course, is that a seed produced via self-pollination is essentially a clone of the parent plant. There will be no mixing of genes with other individuals. This isn't necessarily bad, at least in the short term, but it has its downsides. A good strategy is a mixture of both cross- and self-pollination - a strategy that violas employ.

The cleistogamous flowers of violas generally appear in the summer or fall, after the chasmogamous flowers have done their thing. The fruits they form split open when mature and deposit their seeds directly below the parent plant. Some are also carried away by ants and dispersed to new locations. Seeds produced in these hidden flowers are generally superior and more abundant compared to those produced by their showy counterparts. People who find violas to be a troublesome lawn weed - expanding far and wide to the exclusion of turfgrass - have these hidden flowers to blame.

That being said, there is a defense for violas. In the book The Living Landscape by Rick Darke and Doug Tallamy, Tallamy writes: "Plants such as the common blue violet ( Viola sororia), long dismissed by gardeners as a weed, can be reconstituted as desirable components of the herbaceous layer when their ecosystem functionality is re-evaluated. Violets are the sole larval food source for fritillary butterflies. Eliminating violets eliminates fritillaries, but finding ways to incorporate violets in garden design supports fritillaries."

In my search for the cleistogamous flowers of viola, I dug up a sweet violet ( Viola odorata). I was too late to catch it in bloom, but the product of its flowers - round, purple, fuzzy fruits - were revealed as I uprooted the plant. Some of the fruits were already opening, exposing shiny, light brown seeds with prominent, white elaiosomes, there to tempt ants into aiding in their dispersal. I may have missed getting to see what John Eastman calls "violet's most important flowers," but the product of these flowers was certainly worth the effort.

See Also:

Gardening was my first introduction to plants. I enjoyed growing plants so much that I decided to study them. Or rather, I studied the growing of them, i.e. horticulture. During my studies, I became increasingly interested in botany, a vast scientific field that investigates all things plant related, from their evolutionary history to their cellular biology to their interactions with other organisms, etc. Now I am obsessed with pretty much anything to do with botany. However, the molecular side of plant science has never been much of a pursuit of mine. Until now.

What has piqued my interest in this isn't a university course or a dense textbook on the subject, but instead a podcast hosted by two molecular biologists - Tegan and Joram - who make learning about molecular plant science considerably more interesting than I had previously found it to be. Their podcast (and blog of the same name) is called Plants and Pipettes, and they have been consistently publishing both written and audio content on their site for well over a year now.

The bulk of the Plants and Pipettes podcast consists of Tegan and Joram summing up and discussing a recent plant science research article. While I occasionally get lost in the discussion (particularly when the research delves deep into molecular biology), they both do an exceptional job explaining the science and offering insights that I would not get if I attempted to read the papers on my own. When listening to this portion of the podcast, it helps to have a basic understanding of molecular biology, but it isn't entirely necessary as the hosts often review basic concepts while discussing the research.

Over the course of the podcast's history, additional segments have been added. These rarely have anything to do with molecular biology, so if you don't see yourself tuning in for the research discussion, definitely tune in for the rest. One segment is called My Favorite Plant in which one of the hosts talks about a plant they are interested in that week. Next is Diversity in Plant Science, in which they pick a person that is not a white male and talk about their life and contributions to science (George Washington Carver, for example). After that they define and discuss a cognitive bias, and then they share random things (sometimes science-y, sometimes not) that they find fun or interesting or important to share. Each episode typically ends with a cat fact, as they both have a profound love for cats (although everything is a cat to Joram, apparently).

A highlight among the early episodes was an interview they did with a researcher at the University of Minnesota who is working with pennycress ( Thlaspi arvense). This plant is a common weed, but it shows potential for being a productive and useful oilseed crop, similar to a few of its relatives in the mustard family. Speaking of weeds, a fun fact in episode 29 caught my interest, in which Tegan shares an example of Vavilovian mimicry involving rice and barnyard grass ( Echinochloa crus-galli). A great introduction to their ongoing series about cognitive biases is episode 37 in which they discuss the Texas sharpshooter fallacy. And of course, I have to recommend listening to episode 48, in which Tegan gives a shout out to Awkward Botany and my new zine Dispersal Stories. How cool is that!?

While I am not always able to keep up with the discussions about molecular plant biology, I still really love listening to this podcast. Apart from the interesting content, the hosts are the real appeal. Not only do I appreciate their social justice rants and their support for open science, but I also find their sense of humor and lack of pretension refreshing. They are excellent models of the way that science communication should be done.

If you check out Plants and Pipettes and decide you need more Tegan and Joram in your life, check out a new podcast they just started with Ellen from Plant Crimes podcast called Plant Book Club, in which they choose a plant-themed book to read and discuss. You can also watch/listen to Tegan and Joram talking about their podcast on Career Conversations.

More Podcast Reviews on Awkward Botany:

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Cooler weather has me thinking about hot tea again. This time around I decided to go with something I've already tried and know that I like. Despite the fact that lemon balm can be quite abundant and readily available, I don't really drink it that often.

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In Defense of Plants is another blog/podcast website by a guy named Matt who loves plants. This blog is about how beautiful and useful plants are to people and the world. He posts information about plants, pictures, and also has a podcast about the plants. Some of his recent blog posts are about a Hawaii plant, the relationship between plants and animals, and many more topics. This blog could also be used as a companion to plant learning.

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Whether we realize it or not, this planet and all life on it are influenced by grasses. Among the most important are grasses belonging to the tribe Andropogoneae. Members of this group include crops such as corn, sugarcane, and sorghum, as well as ecologically important species like big bluestem.

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On this website students and teachers can view the earth and the moon in different viewpoints and from each other. In addition to viewing the earth and the moon you can view parts of the solar system. This is related to earth science and geology because it shows parts of the earth and the moon.

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On this website students and teachers can view the earth and the moon in different viewpoints and from each other. In addition to viewing the earth and the moon you can view parts of the solar system. This is related to earth science and geology because it shows parts of the earth and the moon.

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Ocean World is a website that keeps students and teachers updated on the topics in the ocean world. This is what the first page says, "The following web pages will dive into the mysteries found above and below the waves including the worlds of: fisheries, weather, forams, icebergs, coral reefs, and ice ages - just to name a few. Each page involves a set of subsections that address the various phenomenons of these topics and the roles that they play in the world which we live in" (Ocean World). This website provides information on a variety of topics.

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Welcome to Ocean World! This program is designed to inform students and educators on the latest topics of the oceanic world. The following web pages will dive into the mysteries found above and below the waves including the worlds of: fisheries, weather, forams, icebergs, coral reefs, and ice ages - just to name a few. Each page involves a set of subsections that address the various phenomenons of these topics and the roles that they play in the world which we live in.

Did you know that mollusks feed between 30 and 40 million people per year? Or that during the peak of the last ice age, one-third of the Earth's land surface was covered in thick sheets of ice?? From these pages, viewers will gain a deeper understanding of how the oceanic world functions and the effects that humans have on these environments. As society continues to change and advance, it is our role to understand how we can protect these environments, and it all starts here with the knowledge of Ocean World.

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Welcome to Ocean World! This program is designed to inform students and educators on the latest topics of the oceanic world. The following web pages will dive into the mysteries found above and below the waves including the worlds of: fisheries, weather, forams, icebergs, coral reefs, and ice ages - just to name a few.

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This website is from the NOAA. "The National Ocean Service provides data, tools, and services that support coastal economies and their contribution to the national economy" (NOAA Just for Kids). The NOAA provides science based solutions that address economic, environmental, and social pressures on the oceans and coasts. The website provides ocean facts for students. It also provides, literacy, projects, and education for teachers.

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national oceanic and atmospheric administration

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Videos, group activities, origami, outdoor and tabletop challenges, and a bunch of other projects that are fun, entertaining, and educational.

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This website is designed specifically for kids to learn about plants in a fun and interesting way. This website provides experiments, free games, science fair projects, interesting quizzes, amazing facts, cool videos, and more. Students will learn about trees, flowers, seeds, fruit, and many other plant topics. Teachers can also get lesson plans, worksheets, ideas for parents, and many other teaching resources.

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This science and math website provides a variety of math and science topics. The science topics are intro to science, chemistry, applied science, ecology, biology of living things, physics, and earth and space science. This website is also available in English, Arabic, Dari, Tigrinya, Somali, German, Swedish, and Finnish.

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Our short, animated video lessons help make any subject interesting. Testing your knowledge is easy with our interactive quizzes. Sign up for your account today.