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1. The impact of movies and books on imagination.
- visual aids: movies > books
movies => need less imaginary aspect
books => require more imaginary aspect
- Sound effects: movies > books
e.g. horrors movies contain unexpected sounds to scare the audience while books focus on words.

2. The benefits of team sports and individual sports on participants:
- team sports: team building, collaboration, communication, time management...
- individual sports: make the most use of individual skills and talent, avoid conflicts, strengthen focus,...
3. The factors contribute to the decision of students to choose to study at domestic schools or abroad.
- environment
- quality
- cost

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1N8B0QpGgzOQpk_DtGWxY8oa0B-2LoPYDogLKLQ1RN9Q/edit

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/12-sni0UdwRHFd_5FK1bf4n322y0nBEGomzS27gnoEK0/edit?usp=sharing

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1stGL7s9x8-yjGAk1f6A5yRaWrXFr1SBfvDcPZrrsL5Q/edit?usp=sharing

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Benefits to humans of biodiversity
- Health:

+ Natural products are an important source of therapeutically effective medicines

+ More than 60% of the world’s human population relies on plant medicine for primary healthcare (Harvey 2000)

+ 39% of the 520 new drugs approved between 1983 and 1994 were natural products

+ Plants and microbes help to degrade chemical pollutants and organic waste, recycle nutrients.
- Agriculture:

+ Approximately 60% of the world’s food supply comes from rice, wheat, and corn (Wilson 1988)

+ 20,000 plant species have been used by humans as food
- Leisure, culture and aesthetics:

Ecotourism: “In 1988 an estimated 157-236 million people took part in international ecotourism” (i.e. in countries of which they were not national)
- Business and industry:

+ Providing raw materials and natural assets for businesses

+ Many businesses depends on biodiversity as a resource

+ Ecotourism:
> Contributing between US$93 and US$233 billion to national incomes (Filion et al. 1994)
> 1998, US$1 billion expenditures on just whale-watching (Hoyt 2000)

The most important current threats to biodiversity (only includes only the examples and statistics that can be used to back arguments
- Depletion of resources:
+ More than 75% of the food supply of the human population is obtained, directly or indirectly, from just 12 kinds of plants

- Tourism harms biodiversity:

+ Tourism is one of the fastest-growing industries in the world.

+ In 1988, an estimated 157 to 236 million people took part in international ecotourism.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1tt_zQ6WwiNn56B06wyBmOXbQ8fm8OuFKsbVEafyme40/edit

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Benefits:
- Provide humans with medicines and useful products.
+) 20000 plant species supply food for humans
+) Plants and animals provide humans with medicines and useful products.
+)Plants and microbes degrade chemical pollutants and organic wastes and recycle nutrients
- Provide the raw materials and natural assets for businesses (eg: farming, food processing, retail, brewing and distilling, pharmaceuticals and petrochemicals )
- Can be used as humans' food
+) About 12500 flowering plants are edible to humans.
+) Around 200 plant species have been domesticated.
+) More than 75% of the food supply of the human population is obtained from 12 kinds of plants.
- Ecotourism is founded on biodiversity
- Maintain the health of human population:
+) More than 60% of the world's human population relies almost entirely on plant medicine.
+) Of 520 new drugs approved between 1983 and 1994, 39% were natural products or were derived from them.
Threats:
- Tourism
- Natural depletion if overuse resources
- Pollution

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Discuss the benefits to humans of biodiversity & outline most important current threats to biodiversity.

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Discuss the benefits to humans of biodiversity & outline most important current threats to biodiversity.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/11tfanqVvFZSJrvXuF8HEU2ybGnNIo8bAg0L5rzMPVdg/edit?usp=sharing

Notes of "Discuss the benefits to humans of biodiversity & outline most important current threats to biodiversity" is included here

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a) institutional level

b) People who are born in, or grew up in, the same country tend to share similar characteristics.

c) Mapping and comparing the shared characteristics  to create simplified national stereotypes / Examine the effects of key differences.

d) One of the earliest and best well known cultural studies in management.

e) autocratic leadership

f) less employee participation in decision making

g) risks and uncertainties

h) flexibility and informality

j) emotionally independent from others

k) value attributed to achievement

L) achievement, assertiveness and material success

m) the quality of life

n) the survey covered employees from one firm

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a) Institutional level (looks at culture embodied in institutions)
b) People from the same country would share similar cultural identities
c) create stereotypes by mapping and comparing the shared characteristics of employers and employees from different countries
d) on IBM's operations in 70 countries -> use it to map key cultural characteristics according to 4 value dimensions
e) autocratic leadership, participation in decision
f) more employee participation
g) risk and uncertainty
h) emphasize on flexibility, informality
j) take care of themselves
k) value attribute to achievements
l) achivements, assertiveness, material success
l) be emotional independent of others
m)
n) The methodology used - because IBM's culture biased cross-cultural comparison

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Approaches to looking at culture:

1. 2 different approaches:

Psychic / psychological level (looks at individuals from particular culture)

Institutional level (national culture embodied in institutions)

1. Psychic / psychological level:

Assumption of this approach: people who grew up in the same country tend to share the same cultural characteristics.

Studies: mapping and comparing the shared characteristics of managers and employees in different countries

Hofstede’s study was conducted to map key cultural characteristics of 70 countries around the world in management and IBM’s operation

e - more autocratic leadership and less employee participation.

f - less autocratic leadership and more employee participation.

g - is the degree to which members of society feel uncomfortable with risk and uncertainty.

h - emphasize flexibility and informality rather than bureaucracy.

i - emotionally independent

j - take care of themselves

k - value of a society are success, money and material things

l - opposed to the stereotypical feminine values

m - the quality of life

n - the survey covered employees from just one firm, IBM.

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Two different approaches:
1) Psychological level ( looks at individuals from particular culture )
2) Institutional level ( looks at national cultures in institutions )

Psychological level:
Assumptions: People who were born in or grew up in the same nation have a lot in common culturally.

Studies: Comparing and mapping the shared traits of managers and employees in many nations to construct stereotypes.

Hofstede's study was conducted: 70 countries' major cultural features are categorized under four value dimensions.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IJw7GRkEpvsajaJEIu4VfFHA36kykCSk5V6OLauK2QI/edit?usp=sharing

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DMv4kOSZk9gzJO-LtIiUyg4l1sOH41bEtMaVKhQ0KtE/edit?usp=sharing

# data[].attributes.body
- Two different approaches:
1)Psychic level (looks at individuals from particular culture)
2)institutional level (looks at national culture)
Psychic level:
- Assumptions: people born in or grew up in the same country tend to share the similar cultural characteristics
- Studies:
+ have attempted to create stereotypes by mapping and comparing the shared characteristics.
+ examine the effect of key differences.
- Hofstede's study:
+ Was one of the ealiest and well-known cultural studies in management.
1. Power distance
- High: autocratic leadership
- Low: employee participation in decision making
2. Uncertainty avoidance:
- High: uncomfortable with risks & uncertainty
- Low: emphasize flexibility and informality
3. individualism: take care of oneself
- High: emotionally independent from others
4.Masculinity
- High: Achievement, assertiveness, material success
- Low: values of relationships, modesty, caring, quality of life
- Problems:
+ Covered employees from just IBM

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A. Institutional (looks at national culture embodied in institution)

B. People who are born or grew up in the same country tend to share similar cultural characteristics

C. Stereotypes are formed by mapping and comparing common characteristics of managers and employees in various regions.

D. in management, on IBM’s operations in 70 countries around the world. Getting answers to 32 statements from over 116,000 questionnaires.

E. Panama, Mexico, Thailand, France

F. Indonesia, Denmark, Australia, UK, US

G. Members of society feel uncomfortable with risk and uncertainty.

H. Emphasize flexibility and informality rather than bureaucracy

I. People are supposed to take care of themselves and be emotionally independent from others.

J. Take care of themselves

K. Value attributed to achievement, assertiveness and material success.

L. Achievement, assertiveness and material success

M. Stereotypical feminine values of relationships, modesty, caring, quality of life

N. The survey covered employees from just one firm, IBM.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1CMhu36eCK4n2PRrPuVh1AavcIpY56GlVs_2HDHIJKLU/edit?usp=sharing

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a. institutional level, which looks at national (or group) culture embodied in institutions.
b. people who are born in, grew up in the same country tend to share similar cultural characteristics
c. studies of cultural stereotypes in management field
d. with IBM's operations in 70 countries around the world (getting answers over to 32 statements from over 116,000 questionnaires)
e. autocratic leadership, less employee participation in decisions
f. more employee participation
g. risk and uncertainly
h. flexibility, informality
i. care of themselves and be emotionally independent of others
j. look after self only
k. how success is measured
l. achievement, assertiveness, material success
m. relationship, modest, caring, quality of life
n. numerous problems with the methodology used by Hofstede it is the most famous study not list because the survey covered employees from just one firm, IBM. IBM Is also a strong corporate culture arguably be asked to cross-cultural comparisons

# data[].attributes.body
- 2 different approaches
+ Psychic/ Psychological level
a) institutional level ( looks at national embodied in institutions or group)
b) Assumptions of this approach: People who were born or grew up in a country share cultural characteristics
c) Studies:
+Mapping and comparing the shared characteristics to create simplified national stereotypes.
+ examine the effects of key differences
d) One of the earliest and best well-known cultural studies in management
e) power distance, steep organizational hierarchies, autocratic leaderships.
f) Less employee participation in decision making
g) 2 members of society feel
h) emphasize flexibility and
j) emotionally independent from others
k) value attributed to achievement,
i) opposed to stereotypical feminine value
m) the quality of life
n) The survey covered employees from just one firm IBM

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Religious beliefs

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Language barrier, different cultural values ( for example shaking hands )
Influence the way you communicate

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Local communities

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The reason why we have to aware

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improves relationship skills through its ability to inform us of correct procedures for business etiquette

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taboos

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cultural barriers

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how will culture affect international business

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The importance of cultural awareness in international business.

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The importance of cultural awareness in international business.