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An organic compound, means the compound that generally contains carbon-hydrogen bonds. It was first derived from lemon juice by a Swedish researcher in 1784. It usually appeared as white powder form. It occurs naturally in the citrus fruits, such as lemon, orange, and limes, and it’s a weak organic acid. In the citric acid cycle, the citric acid plays a role of intermediate which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms. It is used widely as an acidifier, flavoring, and detergent. Every year, more than 2 million tons of citric acid are produced.

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The common functions of Citric Acid have 2 types - flavoring and cleaning agent.

Flavoring: It is usually used in soft drinks and candies. In soft drinks, the function of citric acid is to make it bubbly. In candies, the function of citric acid is to add tartness to fruit-flavored candies.
Cleaning agent: Citric acid kills bacteria, mold, mildew, and other organic contaminants, it’s effective at removing soap scum, hard water stains, calcium deposits, lime, and rust.

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The function of citric acid in the soft drinks is to make it bubbly. Citric acid reacts with the baking soda to make the drinks bubbly. The baking soda contains carbon dioxide, when citric acid is added into the baking soda, carbon dioxide will be free as a gas form, becoming the bubble in the drinks.

Balanced Equation:
3NaHCO3 + C6H8O7 = Na3C6H5O7 + 3H2O + 3CO2

*3NaHCO3 = Baking soda
By-product = Na3C6H5O7(sodium citrate)

According to the equation, the products of citric acid and baking soda are sodium citrate, water, and carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide of the product is the bubble in soft drinks, and the water is a part of the soft drinks.

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Citric acid can be used to clean the limescale, rust, etc. It can effectively tackle the limescale, so most of the cleaning agents for different uses have contained citric acid, such as bathroom cleaners, tub and tile cleaner, and window cleaner. The form of citric acid commonly is white powder, it must add some water or other solutions to clean. Furthermore, a warm solution will speed up the process of cleaning. Therefore, by adding citric acid into warm water to clean, the process of dissolving will be obvious.

Limescale balanced equation:
2C6H8O7 + 3CaCO3 = Ca3(C6H5O7)2 + 3CO2 + 3H2O
*CaCO3 = Limescale
By-product = Ca3(C6H5O7)2(Calcium citrate)

Rust balanced equation:
Fe2O3 + 2C6H8O7 = 2C6H5FeO7 + 3H2O
*Fe2O3 = Rust
By product = C6H5FeO7(Ferric citrate)

These 2 balanced equations both have a product of water(H2O) and a by-product. In the equation of limescale and citric acid, CaCO3 has been decomposed, which means the limescale is dissolved. From the equation of rust and citric acid, Fe2O3 has been decomposed, which means the rust has dissolved. Therefore, citric acid can effectively clear the limescale and rust.

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In the world, water pollution is a serious and big problem. Water pollution is mostly caused by people, for example, the factories release wastewater into rivers. Sometimes, the cleaning agents we usually use will also release into the rivers, to make the water pollute. In general, the common cleaning agents are not organic, so it will cause pollution. Water pollution can impact the plants and animals that live in the polluted water, and damage individuals species. Also, the water pollution can cause water-borne diseases if the polluted water is for people to drink, bathe, wash, and irrigate.

Therefore, citric acid is a great solution for this case. Because citric acid is a weak organic acid, it’s edible and used widely such as cleaning and flavoring. Using the cleaning agent that is mainly made of citric acid can both effectively clean and not pollute the water. In other cleaning agents, the contents might have a lot of spices and unnecessary materials. However, the citric acid cleaning agents are mostly used in green cleaning agents, which won’t damage the environment. So citric acid can greatly solve the problem of water pollution.

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The citric acid is related to two of the global factors - Environment and Health. The cleaning agents that are mainly made of citric acid can solve the water pollution problem, and it’s involved in a lot of aspects: Plants, Animals, Irrigate, Drink, etc. For the environment, the animals and plants which live in the area of polluted water will be hard to survive. That might cause damage to the ecology in that area. So if citric acid is widely used in cleaning agents, the ecology beside the water won’t be broken. For health, the polluted water may be used for people to irrigate the plants, drink, and bathe. Those will cause the same problem in the human body - water-borne diseases. It can impact human health while eating the vegetables that are irrigated with the polluted water, or drink the polluted water. Therefore, citric acid is connected with these 2 global factors.

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“Why Is Citric Acid Added to Soft Drinks?: Socratic.” Socratic.org, 4 Mar. 2017, https://socratic.org/questions/58b6bfcf11ef6b017e60727a.

Peltier, Karen. “Learn How to Clean with Citric Acid Safely and Efficiently.” The Spruce, The Spruce, 9 Sept. 2021, https://www.thespruce.com/citric-acid-safety-cleaning-uses-1707021.

Admin, Posted By: “Citric Acid: One of the Most Important Preservatives in the World.” Fbcindustries, 7 Mar. 2019, https://fbcindustries.com/citric-acid-one-of-the-most-important-preservatives-in-the-world/.

Sandra Gutierrez G.              |          Published Nov 5, et al. “The One Ingredient You Need to Clean the Dishwasher and Four Other Gross Household Items.” Popular Science, 26 Apr. 2021, https://www.popsci.com/story/diy/citric-acid-cleaning-guide/.

“Water Pollution.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 20 Oct. 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pollution.

“Citric Acid.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Sept. 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citric_acid.

Walle, Gavin Van De. “What Is Citric Acid, and Is It Bad for You?” Healthline, Healthline Media, 30 Sept. 2021, https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/citric-acid#artificial-sources.