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Peru started as an Incan civilization. The main language was Quechua. The Spanish took over Peru in the 1500s because of the riches they had.  Peru gained its independence from the Spanish in 1820.

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Peru started as an Incan civilization. The Incan capital, Qosqo, was the richest city in all of the Americas. In 1532 Peru was taken over by the Spanish. They gained back independence in 1800.

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Colombia's civilization started with a group called the Chibchas. Colombia was taken over by the Spanish in 1525. In 1810, the city of Cartagena declared Colombia's freedom from Spanish rule. War went on with the Spanish and Colombia until 1819, but the Spanish were defeated.

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Colombia's earliest inhabitants were Chibchan-speaking Indians. Spanish conquered Colombia in 1538. Simon Bolivar lead Colombia to their independence. They won back their independence in 1810.

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Colombia, officially Republic of Colombia, Country, northwestern South America. Area: 440,531 sq mi (1,140,970 sq km). Population: (2023 est.) 53,717,000. Capital: Bogotá. About half the population are mestizos; most of the rest are of European-African, European, or African ancestry. Language: Spanish (official). Religion: Christianity (predominantly Roman Catholic). Currency: peso. The topography is dominated by the Andes Mountains. To the south and east lie vast lowlands, drained by the Orinoco and Amazon rivers. Colombia's developing economy is based primarily on services, agriculture, and manufacturing, coffee being the principal cash crop. Coca (for the production of cocaine) and opium poppies (for the production of heroin) are grown and trafficked illicitly on a large scale. Rich in minerals, Colombia is the world's largest producer of emeralds and one of South America's largest producers of gold. It is a unitary multiparty republic with two legislative houses; its head of state and government is the president. Its earliest known inhabitants were Chibchan-speaking Indians. The Spanish arrived c. 1500 and by 1538 had conquered the area and made it subject to the Viceroyalty of Peru. After 1740 authority was transferred to the newly created Viceroyalty of New Granada. Parts of Colombia threw off Spanish jurisdiction in 1810, and full independence came after Spain's defeat by revolutionary leader Simón Bolívar in 1819. Civil war in 1840 slowed development. Conflict between the Liberal and Conservative parties led to the War of a Thousand Days (1899-1903). Years of relative peace followed, but hostility erupted again in 1948; the two parties agreed in 1958 to a plan for alternating governments. A new constitution was adopted in 1991, but democratic power remained threatened by civil unrest, which continued into the early 21st century and at the violent centre of which were powerful drug cartels, leftist guerrillas, and right-wing paramilitary groups.

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Colombia's independence from Spain and civil war

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Colombia, officially Republic of Colombia , Country, northwestern South America.

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The first human settlements existed in southern Patagonia around 1300. The Spanish dominated Argentina. The Argentine war of independence was fought between 1810 and 1818. They won back independence in 1818.

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History of Argentina | The Animated Argentine History in a Nutshell

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Incan Empire rises in 1438. The Spanish take over Argentina in 1811. Jose de San Martin leads Argentina to fight back for their independence. Argentina wins back independence in 1816.

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Kids learn about the history and timeline of the country of Argentina including early civilizations, European discovery, kings and rulers, May Revolution, Juan Peron, and the Falkland War.

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At first, Brazil was home to many natives. As time went on, the Europeans called Brazil home. In 1810, the Spanish took Brazil's independence. In 1817, Brazil had won it back.

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Web site - http://www.danrezler.com We're brining back the old "A Brief History of" series this time for the great state of Brazil and it's long history. Sorry this video is a bit late, but look how long and complicated it is, you all can spot me a few extra hours.

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Indigenous Indians first owned the land of Brazil. The Europeans then lived there many years after. The Spanish took over Brazil in 1808 and they gained back their independence in 1818.

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Brazil - Colonialism, Independence, Republic

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Brazil - Colonialism, Independence, Republic: The following discussion focuses on Brazilian history from the time of European settlement. For a treatment of the country in its regional context, see Latin America, history of. Archaeological sites near the Amazonian towns of Santarém and Monte Alegre…