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For Mens Eptm,Adidas,Essentials,Hudson Outerwear,Nike Sportswear,Save up to 80%

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Premier's Anzac Prize 2015 presentation winning entry

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What is Anzac Day? What does Anzac stand for? Why do we have Anzac Day? Why does it matter? This new book by Philippa Werry will answer all these questions and more. You will discover lots of things you didn't know about Anzac day including what the different parts of the service mean and what happens on Anzac Day, here and around the world.

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NZ History ANZAC day fatali

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New Zealand's Anzac dead, 25 April 1915

The New Zealanders began to land on the beaches at Anzac Cove, Gallipoli from about 9 a.m. on 25 April. At the end of the day, more than 100 had died.

This list of 147 fatalities of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) was collated from Commonwealth War Graves Commission records. The exact date of death cannot be verified for 23 of those listed, and this is shown as, for example, 'died 25 April-1 May'. This list does not include those who were mortally wounded on 25 April 1915 and died at a later date.

Most of those who died on 25 April have no known grave. They are commemorated on the Lone Pine Memorial on the Gallipoli Peninsula. The number before the memorial denotes the panel on which the name appears; for those with cemetery references, the letter and number denote the grave's row and plot location.

ADAMS, Lance Corporal, THOMAS FRANCIS, 12/10. 'A' Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 31. Son of the late William and Hannah Elizabeth Adams. Native of Ashburton, Canterbury. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

ALLEN, Second Lieutenant, HAROLD GORDON, 12/686. 16th (Waikato) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 21. Son of George Allen of 10 Warrington Rd, Remuera, Auckland, New Zealand and the late Lucy Allen of Liverpool, England. Passed examination 1st Lt. before outbreak of war and had been two years at R.M. College, Duntroon, New South Wales. D. 7. Baby 700 Cemetery

ANDERSON, Private, WILLIAM ERIC, 12/1542/B. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 24. Son of William David and Lavinia Martha Anderson of Aria, Te Kuiti, Hamilton. Native of York, England. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

BADDELEY, Lieutenant, HERMAN STUART, 12/688. 16th (Waikato) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Frederick Atkins Charles and Fanny Baddeley of 25 King St, Dannevirke, Napier. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

BAILEY, Private, HERBERT, 12/1532. 16th Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action at the landing, 25 April 1915. Age 27. Son of William and Mary Bailey of Whitley Wood, Three Mile Cross, Reading, England. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

BAKER, Private, RAYMOND JOHN, 12/311. 6th (Hauraki) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 24. Son of Richard and Maria Baker of 'Hill View', Otorohanga, Hamilton. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

BARCLAY, Lieutenant, CLIFFORD CLAPCOTT, 6/404. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 22. Son of Dr Herbert Clifford Barclay and Ruth Annie Barclay of 83 Highgate, Roslyn, Dunedin. Native of Waimate, South Canterbury. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

BARNETT, Private, LEWEN MAUGHAN, 12/699. 16th (Waikato) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 21. Son of John Maughan Barnett and Harriett Frances Barnett of 212 Remuera Rd, Auckland. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

BEGG, Serjeant, KENNETH HUMPHREYS, 12/510. 15th (North Auckland) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25th April 1915. Age 21. Son of Hannah Eliza Begg of Ellery St, Ngaruawahia, Waikato, Hamilton and the late James Kemp Begg. Native of Auckland. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

BELL, Private, ROLAND JAMES, 12/1148. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 19. Son of Joseph and Jeannie Bell of Waharoa, Hamilton. Native of Belfast, Christchurch. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

BLACK, Private, ALEXANDER, 8/326. Otago Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 23. Son of Alexander and Margaret E. Black of 45 St Andrew St, Invercargill. 75. Lone Pine Memorial

BLACK, Private, WILLIAM, 12/314. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 32. Son of the late Allen Henry and Charlotte Black. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

BOND, Private, AUGUSTINE, 12/959. 16th (Waikato) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Died of wounds 25 April 1915. Age 25. Son of the late James Shiner Bond and Sarah Ann Bond of Hamilton, New Zealand. D. 14. Baby 700 Cemetery

BOREHAM, Private, BUGLER ALFRED CLIFFORD, 12/509. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 20. Son of Alfred Arthur and Beatrice Eva Boreham of Kohu Kohu, Hokianga, Auckland. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

BOUD, Private, WALTER PERCY, 12/1156. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 29. Son of Charles and Lydia Boud of 17 Lutwych Rd, Catford, London, England, 72. Lone Pine Memorial

BOURK, Private, ALBERT DONALD, 6/1223. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mrs L. Bourk of 18 Hutcheson St, Sydenham, Christchurch. 74. Lone Pine Memorial

BOWEN, Private, ARTHUR CLIFFORD, 6/1018. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April-1 May 1915. 74 Lone Pine Memorial

BRADBURY, Private, ERNEST EDWARD, 12/1565. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 27. Brother of Mrs G.E. Russell of 121 Albert Rd, Aston, Birmingham, England. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

BRASS, Corporal, WILLIAM, 6/807. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April-1 May 1915. Age 26. Son of James Gillies Brass and Isabella Bews Brass of Kelton St Ola, Kirkwall, Orkney Islands. 74. Lone Pine Memorial

BURBUSH, Serjeant, DAVID GORDON, 12/694. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs Frank Burbush of Victoria St, Hamilton. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

BURNETT, Private, HENRY THOMAS, 6/411. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April-1 May 1915. Brother of John A. Burnett of 6 Mackenzie St, North Dunedin. 74. Lone Pine Memorial

BURNS, Private, THOMAS LESLIE, 6/19. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April-1 May 1915. Age 21. Son of Alex and Hatty Burns of Christchurch. 74. Lone Pine Memorial

CAMPBELL, Private, HERBERT MALCOLM, 6/425. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 24. Son of Mr and Mrs Malcolm Campbell of Geraldine, South Canterbury. Native of Roxburgh, Dunedin. 74. Lone Pine Memorial

CAMPBELL, Private, SIDNEY RANDOLPH, 12/1581. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 21. Son of Robert and Clara Campbell of Amy St, Elleslie, Auckland. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

CHAPMAN, Private, LEWIS TOM, 6/23. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April-1 May 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs W. Chapman of Opawa. 74. Lone Pine Memorial

CHARLESWORTH, Private, A.J.V., 12/1172. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. D. 4. Baby 700 Cemetery

CHARTERIS, Private, MALCOLM MAXWELL MCINNES, 12/874. 16th (Waikato) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 28. Son of David and Esther Charteris of Glenalmond, New Plymouth. Native of Temuka South, Canterbury. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

CHEYNE, Private, LENNOX NICHOL, 6/427. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mrs Jane Cheyne of 72 Prince Albert Rd, St Kilda, Dunedin. 74. Lone Pine Memorial

CLARKE, Lance Corporal, ARTHUR, 8/352. Otago Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 31. Son of Alice and the late William Clarke of 19 Alfred St, Musselburgh, Dunedin, New Zealand. Native of Lyttelton, New Zealand. B. 1. Plugge's Plateau Cemetery

COLE, Private, WILLIAM EDMUND, 12/1593. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 29. Son of William and Marian Cole of 428 Oxford St, Bondi Junction, Waverley, Sydney, Australia. Native of Co. Durham, England. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

COLLINS, Private, BERNARD, 6/1264. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs Andrew Collins of 61 North St, Timaru. 74. Lone Pine Memorial

CORNWALL, Private, JOSEPH MARTIN, 12/941. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs George Cornwall of Paraparaumu, Wellington, New Zealand. D. 4. Quinn's Post Cemetery

COUSTON, Private, GEORGE, 12/709. 16th (Waikato) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action at Plugge's Plateau 25 April 1915. Age 26. Son of William and Fanny Couston of 301 Rattray St, Dunedin. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

COWDREY, Private, ALBERT CHARLES, 12/711. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs C. Cowdrey of 'The Pines', Halcombe, Wellington. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

COX, Private, ERNEST WILKIN, 12/710. 16th (Waikato) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 22. Son of Edmund Blackford Cox and Davis Anne Cox of Hamilton Rd, Cambridge, Waikato, Hamilton. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

CRAIG, Private, ROBERT JOHN RICHARD BOWMAN, 12/1000. 16th (Waikato) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 24. Son of Robert and Phoebe Janet Craig of 28 Church St, Ponsonby, Auckland. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

CRUTCHER, Private, GEORGE, 12/75. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs G. Crutcher of Hutchinson's Avenue, New Lynn, Auckland. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

CURRIE, Private, ROBERT HUNT, 6/608. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action at Fisherman's Hut 25 April-1 May 1915. Age 37. Son of the late John Hunt Currie and Helen Currie. Native of Ross, Westland, Greymouth. Served in the South African Campaign. 74. Lone Pine Memorial

DODSON, Lieutenant, FREDERICK HUGH, 12/683. 6th (Hauraki) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25-29 April 1915. Age 23. Son of Maude Dodson of Courtville Annexe, Auckland. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

DOUDS, Private, JOHN, 12/1193. 6th (Hauraki) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 40. Son of the late James and Margaret Douds; husband of the late Madeline Douds. Native of Christchurch. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

DOVE, Private, JOHN JAMES CRAIG, 12/728. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mrs C. Lee (formerly Dove) of 137 Romily St, Westport, Greymouth. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

DOVE, Private, WILFRED ELLIS, 6/446. 'C' Coy. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April-1 May 1915. Age 22. Son of Thomas and Mary Eliza Dove of Hornby Junction Rd, Upper Riccarton, Christchurch. Native of Long Beach, Ashburton, Christchurch. 74. Lone Pine Memorial

DUNPHY, Private, RICHARD, 12/341. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Lily Cox (formerly Dunphy) of Victoria Rd, Devonport, Auckland. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

EADES, Private, JOSEPH WILLIAM, 12/731. 16th (Waikato) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action at the landing, 25 April 1915. Age 21. Son of John and Susan Eades of 4 The Avenue, Wynyard Rd, Mount Eden, Auckland. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

ENGLAND, Private, BERTRAM FRANCIS, 12/93. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 27. Son of Sarah Ann England of 5 Constantine Rd, Hampstead, London, England and the late William Charles Baron England. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

FELDWICK, Private, RALPH, 6/36. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April-1 May 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs E. Feldwick of 413 Wilson's Rd, Christchurch. 74. Lone Pine Memorial

FELLOWES, Private, ARTHUR ROSS, 6/226. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April-1 May 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs R.R. Fellowes of Tahunanui, Nelson. 74. Lone Pine Memorial

FLOWER, Second Lieutenant, WILLIAM EVELYN FRANCISE, 12/296. 6th (Hauraki) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25-29 April 1915. Age 29. Son of Annie Flower of Parkstone, Dorset, England; husband of Margaret I. Flower of Dunedin. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

FOOTE, Private, ALBERT ARTHUR, 6/39. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action at the landing, 25 April 1915. Age 22. Son of John and Jessie Foote of 18 Florence St, Newtown, Wellington. 74. Lone Pine Memorial

FRANK, Private, WILLIAM STANLEY, 12/107. 3rd Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 38. Son of William and Laura Emily Frank of 9 Alexandra Rd, Sible Hedingham, Essex, England. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

FURZE, Lance Corporal, HENRY CHARLES, 12/353. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 25. Son of Margaret Elizabeth Furze of 30 Devonshire St, Norwich, England and the late Henry Charles Furze. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

GARFORTH, Private, WILLIAM, 6/1077. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April-1 May 1915. 74. Lone Pine Memorial

GARLAND, Private, ALLAN GORDON, 61633. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April-1 May 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs E. Garland of Hampden St, Hokitika, Greymouth. 74. Lone Pine Memorial

GIBB, Private, WILLIAM JAMES, 12/1214. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Stepson of Mrs Annie McKay of 1 Outram St, Napier, Hawke's Bay. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

GILLANDERS, Lance Corporal, THOMAS ALEXANDER, 12/743. 16th (Waikato) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action at the landing, 25 April 1915. Age 34. Son of Kenneth Alexander and Catherine MacLennan Gillanders of Silverdale, North Auckland, New Zealand. Native of Inverness, Scotland. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

GILLINGHAM, Private, ALLAN, 8/390. Otago Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Brother of Mr James Gillingham of Bright St, Cobden, Greymouth. 75. Lone Pine Memorial

GRANT, Major, DAVID, 6/409. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25-29 April 1915. Age 41. Son of the late Archibald and Louisa Grant of Elizabeth St, Timaru; husband of Ann W. Grant of 23 Le Cren St, Timaru, New Zealand. Sp. Mem. 10. Walker's Ridge Cemetery

GRIFFIN, Private, FREDERICK LESLIE, 12/1423. 15th (North Auckland) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 20. Son of Wilber Hugh and Rachel Griffin of Kamo Rd, Whangarei, North Auckland. Also served in Egypt. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

GRIMWADE, Corporal, LEONARD RICHARD, 12/744. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs E.E. Grimwade of Hurstmere, Takapuna, Auckland. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

GUDGEON, Private, ROBERT FRANCIS, 6/1302. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 20. Son of J.B. and A.M.A. Gudgeon of Christchurch. Native of Picton, Blenheim. 74. Lone Pine Memorial

HAMILTON, Lance Serjeant, WILLIAM ALEXANDER, 6/467. 2nd (South Canterbury) Coy. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs W. Hamilton of 270 Crinan St, Invercargill. Sp. Mem. 27. Walker's Ridge Cemetery

HARDING, Private, HAROLD, 14/41. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 20. Son of Alfred and Margaret Harding of Aoroa, Dargaville, North Auckland. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

HARGREAVES, Private, ROBERT, 12/307. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Sp. Mem. 11. Walker's Ridge Cemetery

HARRISON, Private, WILFRED LOUIS, 12/368. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs William Harrison of 'Kniver', Scargill, Canterbury. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

HARTLAND, Private, WILLIAM EDMOND, 12/763. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 23. Son of John and Annie Hartland of Buckland, Auckland. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

HAYCOCK, Corporal, FRED ELLIS, 12/762. 16th (Waikato) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 21. Son of Elizabeth A. Haycock of Tayforth, Whanganui, New Zealand and the late W.J. Haycock. D. 27. Baby 700 Cemetery

HAYES, Private, GEORGE THOMAS, 6/1309. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 21. Son of Thomas and Louisa Hayes of 19 Burnett St, Ashburton, New Zealand. D. 12. Baby 700 Cemetery

HAYWARD, Private, THOMAS WESTERN, 12/751. 16th (Waikato) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 26. Son of Minnie Bennett (formerly Hayward) of 36 Woodside Rd, Mount Eden, Auckland, New Zealand and the late I. Hayward. Native of Suffolk, England. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

HIGHSTED, Private, ALBERT BERT, 6/1095. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April-1 May 1915. Brother of William John Highsted of 48 Cox St, Merivale, Christchurch. 74. Lone Pine Memorial

HOBBS, Serjeant Major, JAMES BEASLEY, 12/749. Otago Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 44. Son of the late W. and E. Hobbs of 12 Southmoor Rd, Oxford, England; husband of A. Katharine Hobbs of 44 Te Aroha St, Claudelands, Hamilton, New Zealand. Native of Kencott, Berks, England. Served in the South African Campaign. 75. Lone Pine Memorial

HOLMES, Private, PATRICK EDWARD LIONEL, 6/1848. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. 74. Lone Pine Memorial

HOWIE, Serjeant, ALFRED JOHN DOUGLAS, 12/363. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 21. Son of William and Emily Martha Gill Howie of Moorhouse, Morrinsville, Piako, Hamilton. Native of Waverley, Patea, Wellington. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

KEYES, Lance Corporal, HERBERT FREDERICK, 12/1009. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

LAMBERT, Serjeant, ROY WILSON, 12/149. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs William Lambert of Auckland. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

LANE, Corporal, DONALD BENNETT, 12/783. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs W. Lane of Auckland. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

LANGLEY, Private, HERBERT, 12/593A. 6th Company. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mrs A. Longley of Queen's Drive, Musselburgh, Dunedin. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

LAWRENCE, Private, ERIC BURTON JOHN, 12/952. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs B.C. Lawrence of Waitara, New Plymouth. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

LEEMING, Private, GEORGE, 12/1533. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 27. Son of John Thomas and Selina Leeming of South Malvern, Canterbury. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

MABER, Private, GEORGE FREDERICK, 6/967. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Husband of Mrs S. Maber of 176 Selwyn St, Spreydon, Christchurch. 75. Lone Pine Memorial

MACKIE, Private, ROBERT CHARLES, 6/499. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April-1 May 1915. 75. Lone Pine Memorial

MANNING, Private, LANGLEY, 12/402. 6th (Hauraki) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 21. Son of Harry and Ada Manning of 51 Naylor St, Hamilton East. Native of Paeroa, Upper Thames. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

MARR, Private, HENRY, 6/671. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 20. Son of Henry Neil Ross Marr and Mary Marr of Stafford St, Westport, Greymouth. 75. Lone Pine Memorial

MARTIN, Private, ALEXANDER, 12/800. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 20. Son of John and Isabella Martin of Moor Farm, Donaghadee, Co. Down, Ireland. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

MATTHEWS, Private, CHARLES ALBERT, 12/599. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs Albert Matthews of Otaika Rd, Whangarei, Auckland. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

MAY, Private, CHARLIE WILLIAM, 12/418. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 29. Son of Emma May of Thorpe, Chertsey, England and the late Henry May. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

MEEKAN, Private, SAMUEL, 12/1055. 16th (Waikato) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 22. Son of Margaret Meekan of 30 Sherwood Avenue, Grey Lynn, Auckland and the late Samuel Meekan. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

MILBURN, Private, JOHN THOMAS, 6/505. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action at Walker's Ridge 25 April-1 May 1915. Age 27. Son of Jane Milburn of 18 Baker St, Caversham, Dunedin and the late Joseph Milburn. 75. Lone Pine Memorial

MILLIGAN, Private, EDWARD NOEL, 10/465. Wellington Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs Edward Milligan of 43 King St, Newtown, Wellington. 76. Lone Pine Memorial

MILNE, Private, CHARLES JAMES, 6/105. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mrs M. Milne of 154 Redruth Avenue, Spreydon, Christchurch. 75. Lone Pine Memorial

MOEKI, Private, WILLIAM, 12/177. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 29. Son of the late Renata and Ripeka Waititi. Native of Coromandel, Auckland. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

MOORE, Private, JOHN ROBERTS, 6/1342. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs D.E.M. Moore of 22 Hill View St, Linwood, Christchurch, New Zealand. D. 22. Baby 700 Cemetery

MORPETH, Private, MOORE, 12/1039. 6th (Hauraki) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 20. Son of Henry Douglas and Kate Morpeth of Waihl, Thames. Native of Auckland. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

MORRISON, Private, JAMES ARTHUR, 12/415. 6th (Hauraki) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Died of wounds en route to hospital ship 25 April 1915. Age 24. Son of the late Hugh and Jane Morrison of 114 Salisbury St, Christchurch. Native of Geraldine, Canterbury. Also served in defence of Suez Canal. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

NORRIS, Private, OSWALD MARK, 6/1221. 'I' Coy. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action at the landing 25 April 1915. Age 22. Son of the late Thomas Cheal Norris and Mary Maria Norris of 85 Page's Rd, Christchurch. Formerly of Christ's College, Christchurch. 75. Lone Pine Memorial

O'DONNELL, Corporal, JOHN, 12/203. 3rd Bn. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 21. Son of William and Katherine Elizabeth O'Donnell of 67 Grange Rd, Mount Eden, New Zealand. B. 4. Plugge's Plateau Cemetery

O'GRADY, Private, JOHN, 12/1755. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs Michael O'Grady of Waihou, Auckland. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

OGILVIE, Private, PETER, 12/1482. Auckland Regiment, N.Z.E.F. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 30. Son of William and Susan Ogilvie of Mabel Bush, Southland, Invercargill. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

ONION, Private, DAVID GORDON, 12/819. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs John Onion of Cambridge, Hamilton. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

PAINE, Private, FRANCIS ASBURY, 12/830. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs Frank Paine of 51 Empire Rd, Epsom, Auckland. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

PASSMORE, Corporal, ROBERT, 12/950. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 32. Son of Elizabeth Ann Passmore of 26 Cheriton Place, Westbury-on-Trym, England and the late George Passmore. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

PATERSON, Private, JAMES GEORGE, 12/834. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs James George Paterson of Fairburn Rd, Otahuhu, Auckland. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

PEARMAIN, Private, WILLIAM JOHN, 12/835. 16th (Waikato) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 44. Son of John W.S. Pearmain of North Terrace, Mildenhall, England. Served in the South African campaign as S.M. with Capt. Nesbitt's Horse. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

PEARSE, Serjeant, ROBERT PETERBRIDGE, 12/121. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Husband of Mrs R.P. Berry (formerly Pearse) of 'Green Hill', Awahuri Rd, Fielding, Wellington. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

PETERSEN, Corporal, JOHN GREGORS, 12/842. 16th (Waikato) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 19. Son of the late Carl John Gregors Petersen and of Johanne Antonette Frederikke Petersen of Carterton, Wellington. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

PFUNDT, Private, BARRY, 2/17652. 6th (Hauraki) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 26. Son of Rudolf and Isabel Pfundt (nee Barry) of 13 Birdhurst Rd, South Croydon, England. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

PHILSON, Private, WILMET NAPIER, 12/828. 19th (Waikato) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Matthew Thomas and Catherine Jane Philson of Auckland. Native of Napier. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

PINK, Private, HUBERT FAIR, 6/1066. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April-1 May 1915. Age 25. Son of Mr H.J. and Catherine Pink of 16 Catherine St, Dunedin. Native of Bruce County, Otago. Also served in Egypt. 75. Lone Pine Memorial

POLGLASE, Private, HORACE TANNANT, 12/1768. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action at the landing, 25 April 1915. Age 28. Son of Joseph and Caroline Polglase of Clarence St, Hamilton. Native of Pahiatua, Wellington. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

PRIMROSE, Private, WILLIAM STANLEY, 12/52. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action at the landing, 25 April 1915. Age 38. Son of John and Alice Maude Primrose of Auckland; husband of Vera Elsie Robina Primrose of Milford, Takapuna, Auckland. Native of Hamilton. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

PROCTOR, Private, HENRY, 12/837. 16th (Waikato) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action at the landing, 25 April 1915. Age 23. Son of George and Emma Proctor of Orini, Waikato, Hamilton. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

RADCLIFFE, Private, HAROLD JOHN, 6/530. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April-1 May 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs John Radcliffe of Stafford St, Timaru. 75. Lone Pine Memorial

READING, Private, HERBERT VICTOR, 12/852. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs Joseph Reading of Macquarie St, Gleninnes, New South Wales, Australia. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

RENNETT, Private, THOMAS, 8/472. Otago Regiment, NZEF. 25 April 1915. Age 30. C. 2. Plugge's Plateau Cemetery

RICHARDSON, Lieutenant, HERBERT GEORGE, 12/1492. 3rd (Auckland) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 23. Son of George James and Margaret Edith Richardson of IA Norana Avenue, Auckland. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

ROGERS, Serjeant Major, JOHN, 12/128. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 24. Son of James and Catherine Rogers of 17 Queen St, North Ormesby, Middlesbrough, England. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

RUNCIMAN, Private, JAMES, 12/446. 6th (Hauraki) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 28. Son of Thomas and Annie Runciman of Glen Massey, Ngaruawahia, Hamilton. Native of Auckland. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

RUTLAND, Private, GEORGE LEONARD, 12/854. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 22. Son of Walter George Rutland of Otorohanga, Hamilton and the late May Rutland. Native of Christchurch. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

SANDERS, Private, ARTHUR FREDERICK, 12/1788. 'A' Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 29. Son of Frederick A. and Ellen Sanders of Hoe Gate, Hambledon, England. Native of Brixton, London. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

SAPSFORD, Private, FRANCIS LESLIE, 6/137. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April-1 May 1915. Age 24. Eldest son of Ada Burdett Sapsford of 46 Linwood Avenue, Christchurch and the late Francis Burdett-Sapsford. 75. Lone Pine Memorial

SCOTT, Private, CHARLES EDWARD, 6/1396. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs T.W. Scott of 6 Broughton St, Kensington, Dunedin. 75. Lone Pine Memorial

SCOTT, Private, JAMES ALBERT, 12/462. 6th (Hauraki) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action at Plugge's Plateau 25 April 1915. Age 23. Son of Thomas and Sarah Scott of Dunbar Rd, Auckland. Native of Waihi, Auckland. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

SCOTT, Corporal, JOHN ATKINSON, 6/1082. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April-1 May 1915. Brother of Mr William F. Scott of Dunedin. 74. Lone Pine Memorial

SCOULAR, Private, JOHN LAMB, 6/540. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action at Walker's Ridge 25 April-1 May 1915. Age 23. Son of Marion R. Scoular of Edendale, Southland, Invercargill and the late Thomas Scoular. 75. Lone Pine Memorial

SIME, Private, NOEL ROY, 6/1011. 'A' Coy. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action at Walker's Ridge 25 April 1915. Age 22. Son of Janet S. Sime of 'The Lodge', 36 Hereford St, Christchurch and the late W.R. Sime. 75. Lone Pine Memorial

SIRCOMBE, Private, RICHARD WILLIAM, 12/861. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action at Walker's Ridge 25 April 1915. Age 25. Son of Richard Lewis Stanley and Hannah Jane Sircombe of Rangiatea Rd, Otorohanga, Hamilton. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

SMALL, Private, JOHN WILLIAM, 12/162. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs Herbert C. Small of 59 Princess St, South Invercargill. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

STANDEN, Lance Corporal, RODERICK EDWIN, 12/449. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Brother of John Standen of Helensburgh, New South Wales, Australia. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

STEVENS, Serjeant, THOMAS HENRY, 6/551. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action at Walker's Ridge 25 April 1915. Age 28. Son of Thomas and Catherine Stevens of 26 Goss St, Allenton, Ashburton, Canterbury. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

STEWART, Lieutenant Colonel, DOUGLAS MACBEAN, Mentioned in dispatches, 6/1171. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action at Walker's Ridge 25 April 1915. Age 38. Son of the late Dr F Macbean Stewart and Annie Macbean Stewart of Christchurch; husband of Edith Macbean Stewart of 'Zeitoun', Merivale Lane, Christchurch. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

STUCKEY, Major, FREDERICK, 12/2. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Died of wounds 25 April 1915. Son of Mrs F.A. Bamford (formerly Stuckey) of Nelson. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

SUTTON, Private, ARTHUR STANLEY, 12/471. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs C. Sutton of Ford Rd, Waihi, Auckland. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

TALBOT, Private, CHARLES JOHN, 12/1061. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 36. Son of Richard and Madeline Talbot of Nottingham, England. Late of J.C. Williamson Opera Co. Sp. Mem. 23. Walker's Ridge Cemetery

THORESEN, Private, CARL HENRY, 12/945. 16th (Waikato) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 24. Son of John Carl and Emily Thoresen of Makoenui, Te Kuiti, Hamilton. Native of Norsewood, Hawke's Bay. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

TICKELPENNY, Private, ALFRED CLARENCE HENRY, 12/475. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Grandson of Mrs E. Tickelpenny of Leamington, Cambridge, Hamilton. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

TROUP, Private, JAMES ALEXANDER, 12/1520. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 25. Son of James and Agnes Troup of Campbell St, Frankton Junction, Hamilton. Native of Woodville, Hawke's Bay. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

TURNER, Private, NED, 12/887. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Brother of Mr David Turner of Otorohanga, Hamilton. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

WARWICK, Serjeant, JOHN WILLIAM, 12/897. 16th (Waikato) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 21. Son of John William and Kate Warwick of 35 Glen Rd, Stanley Bay, Auckland, New Zealand. Native of Tunbridge Wells, England. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

WATKINS, Private, ROBERT EDWARD, 6/570. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action at Walker's Ridge 25 April 1915. Age 25. Son of William and Laura Watkins of Hook, Wairnate, Canterbury. Native of Timaru. 75. Lone Pine Memorial

WATSON, Private, HERBERT VICTOR, 12/899. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs J. Watson of Bainville Avenue, Claudelands, Waikato, Hamilton. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

WEST, Private, ARTHUR JAMES JACK, 12/279. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mrs H.E. Messer (formerly West) of 39 Nelson St., Auckland. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

WILLIAMS, Private, FREDERICK JOHN, 12/1527. 6th (Hauraki) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April-2 May 1915. Age 31. Son of Dalby and Caroline Elizabeth Williams of 17 Epsom Rd, Croydon, England. Ex Member of 534th Bn. The Queen's and of Ranelagh Harriers. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

WILLIAMS, Private, JOHN NATHANIEL, 12/484. 6th (Hauraki) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Age 35. Son of Col. Sir Robert Williams, 1st Bart., and Lady Williams of Bridehead, Dorchester, England. Educated at Eton and Oxford. Employed by Waihi Gold Mining Coy., Ltd. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

WILSON, Private, THOMAS SMITH, 12/489. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Brother of George Wilson of 3 Duke St, Auckland. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

YATES, Private, FREDERICK GEORGE, 6/578. Canterbury Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action at the landing, 25 April 1915. Age 21. Son of William and Elizabeth Yates of Rangitata, South Canterbury. 75. Lone Pine Memorial

YEATS, Private, ALEXANDER, 12/1528. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of George and Jane Yeats, late of Chapelton, Nethlick, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

YORKE, Private, ARTHUR, 12/1529. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action 25 April 1915. Son of Mr and Mrs A. Yorke of Kaeo, Auckland. 73. Lone Pine Memorial

YOUNG, Serjeant, CHARLES EDMOND LYLE, 12/894. 16th (Waikato) Coy. Auckland Regiment, NZEF. Killed in action at the head of Shrapnel Gulley 25 April 1915. Age 23. Son of James Lyle Young and Mary Stringer Young of 'Terawynia', Bridge St, Homebush, New South Wales, Australia. Native of Papeete, Tahiti, East Indies. 72. Lone Pine Memorial

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The New Zealanders began to land on the beaches at Anzac Cove, Gallipoli from about 9 a.m. on 25 April. At the end of the day, more than 100 had died. This list of 147 fatalities of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) was collated from Commonwealth War Graves Commission records.

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Christchurch Library Site

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Henry Nicholas was the first soldier from the Canterbury Regiment to be awarded the Victoria Cross.

Early life

Henry Nicholas was born in Lincoln on 11 June 1891. After attending Christchurch Normal (in Cranmer Square) and Christchurch East schools, he apprenticed to a builder and became a carpenter, working in Australia for four years before returning to New Zealand to enlist. He had a reputation as a good sportsman, and was well known in New Zealand as an amateur boxer. At the time of his enlistment his parents - Richard and Hannah Nicholas - were living in Berry Street, St Albans. He was 26 and unmarried when he died.

Awarded the Victoria Cross

Nicholas was awarded the Victoria Cross following his bravery in action at Polderhoek (Belgium) on 3 December 1917. He was officially invested with the VC at Buckingham Palace by H. M. King George V in July 1918.

His citation reads:

Private Nicholas, who was one of a Lewis gun section, had orders to form a defensive flank to the right of the advance, which was checked by heavy machine-gun and rifle fire from an enemy strong-point. Whereupon, followed by the remainder of his section at an interval of about 25 yards, Private Nicholas rushed forward alone, shot the officer in command of the strong-point, and overcame the remainder of the garrison of sixteen with bombs and bayonets, capturing four wounded prisoners and a machine-gun. He captured this strong-point practically single-handed, and thereby saved many casualties. Subsequently, when the advance reached its limit, Private Nicholas collected ammunition under heavy machine-gun and rifle fire. His exceptional valour and coolness throughout the operations afforded an inspiring example to all.

Posthumous honours

Nicholas died in action on 23rd October 1918 aged 26. He was awarded the Military Medal posthumously for his bravery during the fight for the bridgeheads at the River Ecaillon near the village of Beaudignies on 23 October 1918, twelve days before the New Zealanders' capture of the town of Le Quesnoy.

He was buried with full military honours, on the 29th of October in the Vertigneul Churchyard, Romeries. Both of his medals are held by Canterbury Museum.

A memorial to Henry Nicholas was unveiled on Wednesday 7 March 2007 at the Park of Remembrance - northwest of the Bridge of Remembrance on Cambridge Terrace.

Sources

New Zealand and Le Quesnoy
Brief information from New Zealand History online.

David Ferguson, The History of the Canterbury Regiment, NZEF, 1914-19, 1921.

Sergeant Henry James Nicholas V.C. memorial unveiled
CCC Media Release, 28 February 2007.

The Victoria Cross. - Star, Issue 12215, 12 January 1918, p. 9

Nicholas, V.C. An impressive burial - Press, 18 January 1919, p. 9

Find out more about Sergeant Nicholas

Sergeant Henry James Nicholas V.C. M.M memorial
View our Flickr set of photos of the memorial overlooking the Bridge of Remembrance.

Casualty details Nicholas Henry James
New Zealand War Graves Project has details of war graves.

Quid non pro patria : the short, distinguished military life of Henry James Nicholas VC MM
by John H. Gray, also author of The New Zealand Division in France and Flanders, May 1916 to November 1918: a contemporary diary of pilgrimages in their footsteps April 2002 and July 2005

New Zealand. Army. Canterbury Regiment
Library holdings about this regiment.

Sergeant Henry James Nicholas,1st Battalion, The Canterbury Infantry Regiment
Audio from Ngā Tapuwae: First World War Trails

The First World War

Internet gateway: World War I
Our links to selected web sites about World War One.

New Zealanders in World War I
Our guide to sources of information about the men and women who served in New Zealand forces during the first World War.

Anzac Day 25 April
Anzac Day in New Zealand is held on 25 April each year to commemorate New Zealanders killed in war and to honour returned servicemen and women.

Armistice Day 11 November
The anniversary of the Armistice that ended the First World War (1914-1918) commemorates the sacrifice of those who died serving New Zealand in this and all wars and armed conflicts.

Medals

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Henry Nicholas was the first soldier from the Canterbury Regiment to be awarded the Victoria Cross. Henry Nicholas was born in Lincoln on 11 June 1891. After attending Christchurch Normal (in Cranmer Square) and Christchurch East schools, he apprenticed to a builder and became a carpenter, working in Australia for four years before returning to New Zealand to enlist.

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Rikihana Carkeek - video

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The video for this story about Rikihana Carkeek and the Maori Contingent screened on TV3 News on 6 August 2014.
Rikihana (Bunny) Carkeek was a prominent Ngāti Raukawa leader from Ōtaki who served with the Maori Contingent and the Pioneer Battalion during the First World War. He kept a detailed diary which provides great insight into the experience of Māori soldiers. At Gallipoli nearly all of his machine-gun crew were killed or wounded during the attack on Chunuk Bair. Carkeek survived both Gallipoli and the Western Front, and returned home an officer.

A warrior of Tūmatauenga

Early life

Rikihana (Bunny) Carkeek was born in Ōtaki on 23 March 1890. He was the son of Raita Rikihana and her husband Morgan Carkeek, from a prominent Ngāti Raukawa family. After his mother died when he was a baby, her family cared for him.

Rikihana was educated at Te Aute College in Hawke's Bay, and was working as a clerk for Parata and Co. in Wellington when war broke out in August 1914. He volunteered almost immediately - one of hundreds of young Māori men keen to serve overseas.

Māori recruitment

Despite the willingness of many to fight, Māori were not initially welcome recruits. Imperial policy initially opposed the idea of indigenous peoples fighting in what was seen as a 'white man's war'. The New Zealand government changed its views once it became apparent that Indian and African troops would take part in the conflict.

In September 1914 Prime Minister William Massey announced that the British government had accepted the offer of a 200-strong Native Contingent for service in Egypt. This force increased to 500 men following another New Zealand request, with the balance set for occupation duties in German Samoa.

Recruitment of the contingent began in late September under the direction of a Maori Recruitment Committee (MRC) consisting of the MPs for the four Māori seats - Peter Buck (Te Rangi Hīroa), Māui Pōmare, Āpirana Ngata and Tame Parata - and the MP for Gisborne, Sir James Carroll.

Eventually more than 2500 Māori soldiers served overseas. This was a substantial commitment from a Māori population of 63,000. Wartime recruitment was variable - some communities volunteered in large numbers, others did not contribute at all. This reflected the experiences of different tribes during the New Zealand Wars of the 19th century. Tribes which had been neutral or allies of the Crown, such as Te Arawa, Ngāti Porou and Ngāpuhi, were more likely to volunteer for the war. Those tribes that had fought the Crown and suffered land confiscation, such as the Taranaki, Tainui and Tūhoe peoples, produced few volunteers.

Carkeek's early service

Carkeek was among the first volunteers from Māui Pōmare's Western Maori electorate. He marched into the contingent's training camp at Avondale racecourse in Auckland on 19 October 1914. Here, the contingent was organised into two companies with platoon groupings based on tribal and geographical origin. Carkeek joined A Company's No. 4 Platoon with other men from Horowhenua, Wellington and the South Island.

In November 1914 the government announced that the entire contingent would be heading to Egypt. The change was made because of concern that the Samoan population might react badly to a Māori garrison (guard) force.

After completing their training in Auckland, the Maori Contingent sailed for Egypt from Wellington aboard the SS Warrimoo on 14 February 1915. The contingent was dubbed Te Hokowhitu-a-Tū (the two-times-70 warriors of the war god Tūmatauenga) by Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki chief Wī Pere. 'Two-times-70' was a reference to 140 being the favoured size of a traditional Māori taua (war party). The unit's badge consisted of two traditional Māori weapons - taiaha and tewhatewha (both fighting staffs) - crossed through a crown.

Gallipoli

Sent to garrison the island of Malta in April 1915, the contingent missed the early stages of the Gallipoli campaign. As casualties on the peninsula mounted, the British government asked that the Māori reinforce the depleted New Zealand brigades.

Carkeek landed with the contingent at Anzac Cove on 3 July 1915. They went into the line at No. 1 Post - a position soon known as the 'Maori Pa'. The contingent helped dig trenches and carried out other labour tasks, as well directly engaging the Ottoman forces.

During the August offensive, Māori platoons attached to the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade helped secure the approaches to Chunuk Bair on the night of 6 August. These soldiers were heard performing Te Rauparaha's famous 'Ka mate' haka as they cleared the Ottoman trenches.

Attached to a machine-gun section, Carkeek remained behind to defend No. 1 Post during the initial attack. Later his section moved up Rhododendron Spur to support the assault on the summit of Chunuk Bair. By dawn on 8 August Carkeek's machine gun was in position near the Apex. Exposed to enemy fire from nearby high points, his section suffered heavy casualties. Carkeek was shot through the base of the neck, but managed to drag himself to the beach and eventually boarded the hospital ship Sicilia.

After recovering from his wounds on Lemnos, Carkeek returned to Gallipoli in November and saw out the rest of the campaign. He was one of only 134 Māori soldiers from the original 477-strong contingent who survived to be withdrawn from Gallipoli on 14 December 1915.

Western Front

The Maori Contingent, along with the shattered Otago Mounted Rifles, were formed into the New Zealand Pioneer Battalion in February 1916. Pacific Island soldiers, including Rarotongans, Tongans, Niueans and some Samoans, supplemented Māori reinforcements. The battalion adopted a new badge with a Māori warrior's face above crossed pick and axe and the words 'NZ Pioneers'. Once there were adequate reinforcements to fill the battalion, it became the New Zealand Maori (Pioneer) Battalion in September 1917, with its original badge restored.

Carkeek travelled from Egypt to France with the Pioneer Battalion in April 1916, but contracted tuberculosis next month. Invalided to the United Kingdom, he spent four months convalescing in military hospitals before heading back to France in October 1916.

A succession of promotions saw Carkeek reach the rank of company quartermaster sergeant in September 1917. He was selected for officer training in December 1917, but illness cut short his training in the United Kingdom and he did not receive his officer's commission until January 1919.

The New Zealand Maori (Pioneer) Battalion returned to New Zealand aboard the Westmoreland in April 1919. The only NZEF battalion to return home as a complete unit, it received an enthusiastic welcome with parades and receptions around the country.

Later life

Rikihana Carkeek returned to Ōtaki and married Pareraukawa Atkinson. After farming near Picton in Marlborough and Rangiotū in Manawatū, they moved back to Ōtaki in the 1920s. He later served as an interpreter for the Maori Land Court and was prominent in Māori and civic affairs in the Ōtaki district.

Rikihana Carkeek died on 24 January 1963, aged 72. Following a tangi at Raukawa marae, he was buried at Ōtaki Cemetery.

Primary sources

Images

For images and other digitised material from Archives New Zealand and the National Library of New Zealand relating to this Great War Story, see the related set on Digital New Zealand

Newspapers

This item is accessible on the National Library of New Zealand's Papers Past website

Service record

Rikihana Carkeek's service record has been digitised by Archives New Zealand

Diary extracts

These extracts from Rikihana Carkeek's diary are reproduced from Home little Maori home, 2003.

October 17, 1914 - February 9, 1915:

... Men from the Northern Districts were already in [Avondale] camp when I arrived on the 19th with the South Island and Wellington quotas.

The Northerners, therefore, had the honour of pitching the first Maori camp of its kind. Batches of men arrived daily for about a week or so afterwards, each representing a tribe or sub-tribe ....

The men were of fine physique, deep chested and broad shouldered. One could read keenness and alertness in their dusky faces as each tribe marched into camp and then detailed off to their respective lines. Truly they were descendents of the warriors of the Great War God, Tu. As one old grey-haired Maori chief said when watching the men at work one day, 'Oh! If I only I had this army of men under me, I could conquer New Zealand.'

Sunday, August 8th 1915:

It was now broad daylight, about 5 a.m. on Sunday morning. We quickly surveyed our sector and our officer, in full view of the Turks no doubt, rapidly located their position, bearings etc., and our range at 300 yards, so we opened fire at that into what seemed the advancing mass of Turks. Those of us who were waiting for our respective turns on the machine gun opened fire with our rifles. As soon as we arrived we were immediately in our proper battle formation. As No. 1 on the gun ... Corporal Ferris opened fire on the enemy in our immediate front. We were in a terribly exposed position and all the rifle fire of the Turks seemed to converge on our position; we were at the apex of the line. Bullets seemed to be whizzing and sputtering from all sides, right, left and front. Just after our officer, Lieutenant Waldren, had given us the range he was shot and fell back amongst us in a heap. He managed to say, 'Carry on boys', then he died in the arms, I believe, of Private Lucas who was No. 5 on the gun. Almost immediately after the loss of our leader, our gun corporal Donald Ferris was shot through the head and killed instantly and I dragged him away from the gun and laid him beside our officer. No. 2, Private F. Hawkins, took charge of the gun and I moved up into position to feed the belt. Shortly afterwards he was out of action, shot through the wrist. Then I took charge and opened fire at 250 yards. I also did not reign long for I was shot through the body at the base of the neck and out under the left shoulder, and I fell back wounded and out of action. No. 4, Roy Devon, took charge. He was badly wounded, followed by J. Lucas, wounded. I hardly remember what followed afterwards. Though I had my senses, I kept cool as I lay behind our gun and under cover thanks to the attention of J. Rata who bandaged me and helped me into a fairly safe spot. However, our gun was in action all the time though we suffered severely; practically the whole gun team was out of action. Yet the survivors managed to keep the old gun going though she had a few holes in her water cylinder. I do not know what was happening beyond the skyline but as I lay in the scrub the heavy rattle of rifles and machine guns convinced me that the fight was at its height.

Tuesday, December 14th 1915:

At 5 p.m. we were told to fall in, ready to move off again, hoping for better luck this time. We moved off at five thirty, all present and no-one hit, and marched down to the jetty. It was good going this time with hardly a stop on the way. Said goodbye to the old No. 1 Post as we passed. We embarked on the barge and 'Fineesh' Gallipoli. By 7.45 p.m. we were on board the big transport packed full of troops, Ghurkhas, Aussies and Kiwis. Safe at last on deck at eight o'clock, I had my last look at good old Anzac, listening to the gunfire going on. It's a most beautiful night and Anzac Cove looks grand. Barge after barge is coming off the Peninsula. So far the Turks do not know that we're leaving.

What a great relief after the awful suspense of waiting and waiting on the beach and the slow and tedious tramp along the communications trenches and saps and down those gullies. At 9 p.m. one of our cruisers is bombarding and 'rattle rattle' go the rifle and machine guns, then quieten down to the normal random and monotonous fire we've been used to of late. I've been standing on deck, leaning on the rails and having a good long last gaze at Anzac. I can see the dark irregular shapes of those terrible heights of Gallipoli, the occasional flash of firearms and bursting of bombs (good old jam tins), star shells, etc. My thoughts are many. Gallipoli has been an infernal hothouse, a perfect hell on earth, but it's hard to leave the place. I will never forget Gallipoli and its memory will ever be sacred to the gallant dead.

About 10.30 p.m. our transport moved off. Goodbye Gallipoli, Anzac. Farewell to Maori Ridge, Rhododendron Ridge and the Apex Summit. E noho ra, Anzac Cove. We fought, won, then lost you ...

Further information

Books

Rikihana Carkeek, Home little Maori home: a memoir of the Maori Contingent, Tōtika Publications, Wellington, 2003

James Cowan,The Maoris in the Great War: a history of the New Zealand Native Contingent and Pioneer Battalion: Gallipoli, 1915, France and Flanders, 1916-1918. Maori Regimental Committee, Auckland, 1926

Christopher Pugsley,Te hokowhitu a Tu: the Maori Pioneer Battalion in the First World War, Reed, Auckland, 1995

Websites

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The video for this story about Rikihana Carkeek and the Maori Contingent screened on TV3 News on 6 August 2014. Rikihana (Bunny) Carkeek was a prominent Ngāti Raukawa leader from Ōtaki who served with the Maori Contingent and the Pioneer Battalion during the First World War.

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Pacific Islands in the Wars

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The main indigenous Pacific contribution to the New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) came from the Cook Islands and Niue, territories that had been annexed to New Zealand in 1901. The Niuean contingent and 1st Contingent of Cook Islanders provided reinforcements for the New Zealand Pioneer Battalion in Egypt and then France. The 2nd and 3rd Cooks contingents, known as the Rarotongan Company, served with the British in the Sinai and Palestine campaigns against the Ottoman Turks. All were volunteers.

Cook Islanders and Niueans enlisted in their own countries and were sent to New Zealand as a group. Men from other Pacific islands had to make their own way to New Zealand to enlist. Those who arrived when the Niuean or Cook Island contingents were training were attached to them. Those who had the misfortune to arrive at other times were immediately sent home.

Fiji and the Gilbert and Ellice Islands were British colonies. In 1918 a Fijian offer to supply an ethnically mixed contingent was referred by the British Colonial Office to the New Zealand authorities. A similar offer came from the Gilbert and Ellice Islands. Both were accepted. These two groups were training in Auckland when the war ended in November 1918.

Pacific Island soldiers faced many difficulties during the war. Most spoke no English and many struggled to adjust to the army diet and wearing boots. The greatest danger, though, was European diseases, especially in the cold climate of northern France.

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Cook Islanders, Niueans, Fijians and Gilbert Islanders all took their place in the ranks of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force during the First World War. As well as the dangers of war, Pacific soldiers faced language difficulties, an unfamiliar army diet and European diseases.

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Online Cenotaph is our digital social space where enthusiasts, families, and researchers can share and contribute to the records of those who served for Aotearoa New Zealand.

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Come behind the scenes with Te Papa & Weta Workshop as we build an exhibition like no other. Gallipoli: The scale of our war - www.gallipoli.tepapa.govt.nz

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Get a sneak peek at how we're remembering the Māori contingent at Gallipoli in our latest making of video ahead of our exhibition opening on April 18.

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Ready to meet some of the eight ordinary New Zealanders whose extraordinary stories are being brought to life in our upcoming Gallipoli exhibition? Come behind the scenes with Te Papa & Weta Workshop as we build an exhibition like no other. Gallipoli: The scale of our war - www.gallipoli.tepapa.govt.nz

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Frank Clark's letter from Gallipoli produced for the Auckland War Memorial Museum by Storyboards.

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The Last ANZAC  Lyrics - see permission to perform details below

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ANZAC Centenary | The Story of Gallipoli

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Follow the story of Gallipoli 100 years on, told in four parts - the background to the conflict, an account of the landing, the battles at Lone Pine, the Nek and Chunuk Bair, and the evacuation.