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Realism and Romanticism are similar since they are both movements which seek truth and have enriched literary and visual art. These movements occurred in America and Europe during similar times, the 1800s, and today have an impact on modern arts. Although the two movements find the essence of life and truth, they vary in their method. Realism differs from Romanticism since it emphasizes realistic detail, physical evidence, and fact, whereas Romanticism stresses the importance of emotion and subjective feelings. Realistic authors focus on events which have literally taken place, whereas Romantic authors focus on exaggeration of detail and fiction.

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Realism was popular in the mid-1800s to the late 1900s. Realistic authors prioritized characters over plot, included characters from mainly the lower or middle class, and tried to incorporate realistic details.

Campbell, Donna M. “Realism in American Literature.” Realism in American Literature, public.wsu.edu/~campbelld/amlit/realism.htm.

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- Regionalism is the belief that a certain area is defined by cultural, linguistic, or political boundaries, not physical.
- Regionalism and Realism relate with one another because regionalists express their own culture and tradition using realistic detail and not fantasy and imagination.
- The main focus of Regionalist writers is to express their culture and tradition and expose the outside world of their lifestyle.

Victor, Rotich Kiptoo. “What Is Regionalism?” WorldAtlas, 28 May 2018, www.worldatlas.com/what-is-regionalism.html.

Peters, Anna Grace. “Sutori.” Sutori, www.sutori.com/story/regionalism-american-literature--Z9brsEKwZoqt2HADrgy2M82t.

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- Naturalism is a philosophical approach that reasons problems can be solved with real data and evidence.
- Realism and Naturalism are closely related in the sense that they prefer and emphasize the importance of using facts and realistic detail, not imagination or emotion.
- The main focus of Naturalist writers is to use logical reasoning and science to answer problems or questions in life.

Jacobs, Jon. “Naturalism.” Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, www.iep.utm.edu/naturali/.

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-Mark Twain is a realist author from this time period. His book “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” is important to American history because it highlights the racial issues in America.
-Henry James’ book “The American” is another example of realism. The novel follows the story of a self-made man and contrasts it with a wealthy family that he tries to marry. The story shows the gap between the rich and the poor during the time period.
-William Dean Howell is another American realist author. An important idea in American history that Howell displayed was the problems of a divorced woman in his novel “A Modern Instance.” Women were not of high stature during this time period and being divorced caused many women to be judged.
Edel, Leon. “Henry James.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 5 Sept. 2019, www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-James-American-writer.

Quirk, Thomas V. “Mark Twain.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 11 Nov. 2019, www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Twain.

“William Dean Howells.” Encyclopedia of World Biography, Encyclopedia.com, 5 Jan. 2020, www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/american-literature-biographies/william-dean-howells.

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-The Industrial Revolution was the start of mechanization and urbanization. It changed many aspects of life for the common people as factories began to emerge in place of manual labor. Factories promoted the mass manufacturing of products, which drove many craftsmen out of business and into the factories as prices from manufactured products dropped. Realism sought to portray the everyday lives of all classes that were formed and the inequality between them with truth and accuracy.
-The Civil War led to an increase in manufacturing and industry. The Gilded Ages began, businesses bloomed, and Americans ventured further west. The aftermath of the war impacted realism because Americans were tried of an ideal state brought by Romanticism and increasingly idealized for more progress and the idea of a self-made man. The gap between the poor and the rich was exploited and was the main focal point that realism wanted to highlight.
-The Progressive Era took place after the Gilded Age and was a reform movement to resolve the inequalities formed from the Gilded Age. The main writers from this time period were journalists who wanted to expose the ugliness behind America, also known as muckrakers. These journalists impacted literature because they wrote about social reforms and wanted the rich and other countries to recognize the inequality that was present in America.

Bannister, Robert. “Realism in Literature, Photography, Architecture.” Gilded Age : "Realism" (William Dean Howells), www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/rbannis1/AmCult/H47%233.html.
Boundless. “Boundless Art History.” Lumen, courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/realism/.