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Travelers in Cinque Terre, a well-known scenic spot in northern Italy, noticed that if they wore flip-flops, sandals, and heels to travel to the local area, they might face a fine of up to 2,500 Euros.

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when you're willing to go to other's house in Italy, please arrive late. Italian believes that, if you arrive late in a couple minutes, you are actually giving the owner more time to prepare. this is a basic etiquette in Italy.

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learn some Italian when you go to Italy, don;t just speak English, but learn some Italian, this is a show of respect.
you don;t need to be an expert on Italian, but when you are communicate with locals in Italy, use some Italian.

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ppt slides

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, CHIEF ADMINISTRATING OFFICER at MADHU NURSING HOME

Published on

1. 1. MARKETTINGMANAGEMENT<br /> MID TERM <br /> ANU ARORA <br /> MHS1007003 <br />

2. 3. Fiat is an italian automobile manufacturer,engine manufacturer ,financial and industrial group based in turin,italy<br />It was founded in 1899 by giovaniagnelli<br />It is the ninth largest carmaker in the world and italy's largest.<br />

3. 4. Fiat is an automotive-focused industrial Group and designs and manufactures automobiles, trucks, wheel loaders, excavators, telehandlers, tractors and combine harvesters.<br />Fiat is an acronym for FabricaItalianaAutomobilitorino<br />

4. 5. Fiat is the largest vehicle manufacturer in Italy, with a range of cars starting from small Fiat city cars to sports cars made by Ferrari, and vans and trucks ranging from the Ducato to Iveco commercial trucks. <br />Besides Fiat Group Automobiles S.p.A, the Fiat Group automotive companies include Ferrari S.p.A., IvecoS.p.A. and MaseratiS.p.A.<br />The Fiat Group Automobiles S.p.A. companies include: Abarth & C. S.p.A., Alfa Romeo Automobiles S.p.A., Fiat Automobiles S.p.A., Fiat Professional and Lancia Automobiles S.p.A.. <br />

5. 6. Various brands of fiat group:<br />Practical,versatile,responsive.thevrand has a tradition of producing models that offer practical and affordable technological solution and an unmistakable italian design <br />

6. 7. BRANDS<br />Agricultural and industrial equipment<br />Sportiness,technology,comfort and elegance all come together to create the distinctive personality style that characterize alfaromeo,an historic italianmarque<br />

7. 8. BRANDS<br />Trucks and commercial vehicles<br />Its models have an elegance which adapts to everyday life and personifies an unmistakable italian design<br />

8. 9. BRANDS<br />Ferrari<br />The road cars produced by the maranello-based company are by definition of the most prestigious example of italiancraftmenship and technology.<br />

9. 10. BRANDS<br />Components and production system<br />The modern interpretation of all its tradionalproducts:such as the grand punto<br />

10. 11. BRANDS<br />A marque producing captivating and technology advanced saloons derived from the world of competitive racing.<br />

11. 12. SELECTED PRODUCT OF FIAT GROUP :<br /> FIAT AUTOMOBILES<br />

12. 14. fiat automobiles<br />Revenue:€50.10 billion(2009)<br />

13. 16. DISTRIBUTION NETWORK :<br />

14. 17. BRAND VALUES :<br />

15. 18. BRAND VALUES :<br />

16. 19. BRAND VALUES :<br />

17. 23. NEW DRIVERS<br />

18. 24. NEW WOMEN<br />

19. 25. NEW FAMILIES<br />

20. 26. NEW OLDIES<br />

21. 27. Global locations of Fiat Group automobile production sites<br />

22. 29. Competitors of fiat and their market share in various countries :<br />

23. 30. UNITED STATES<br />

24. 32. INDIA AND CHINA<br />

25. 34. toyota<br />A Japanese multinational corporation headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan<br />The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937 <br />Toyota Motor Corporation group companies are Toyota (including the Scion brand), Lexus, Daihatsu and Hino Motors,[7] along with several "non-automotive" companies<br />

26. 35. REVENUE : ¥18.9 trillion (FY2010)<br />OPERATING INCOME : ¥147.5 billion (FY2010)<br />PROFIT : ¥209.4 billion (FY2010)<br />

27. 36. MARKETTING<br />Toyota's marketing efforts have focused on emphasizing the positive experiences of ownership and vehicle quality.<br />The ownership experience has been targeted in slogans such as "Oh, what a feeling!" (1978-1985, in the US), "Who could ask for anything more" (1986-1989), "I love what you do for me, Toyota!" (1990-1997), "Everyday" (1997-2000)", "Get the feeling!" (2001-2004), and "Moving Forward" (2004-present).<br />

28. 37. TOYOTA SALES BY REGION<br />

29. 38. TOYOTA PHILOSOPHY<br />Toyota's management philosophy has evolved from the company's origins and has been reflected in the terms "Lean Manufacturing" and Just In Time Production, which it was instrumental in developing.Toyota'smanagerial values and business methods are known collectively as the Toyota Way.<br />In April 2001 the Toyota Motor Corporation adopted the "Toyota Way 2001," an expression of values and conduct guidelines that all Toyota employees should embrace. Under the two headings of Respect for People and Continuous Improvement<br />

30. 39. Toyota summarizes its values and conduct guidelines with the following five principles:[<br />Challenge <br />Kaizen (improvement) <br />GenchiGenbutsu (go and see) <br />Respect <br />Teamwork <br />

31. 40. BRANDS OF TOYOTA :<br />LEXUS<br />SCION<br />

32. 41. GENERAL MOTORS<br />An American automaker with its headquarters in Detroit, Michigan.<br />Founded by Willian C Durant in 1908<br />

33. 42. Revenue : US$ 98.7 billion (Q1-Q3 2010)<br />Net income : US$ 4.2 billion (Q1-Q3 2010)<br />Employees : 209,000 (2010<br />

34. 43. General Motors produces cars and trucks in 31 countries, and sells and services these vehicles through the following divisions: Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Opel, Vauxhall, and Holden.<br />GM's OnStar subsidiary provides vehicle safety, security and information services.<br />

35. 44. In 2009, General Motors sold 6.5 million cars and trucks globally.<br />General Motor's biggest success has been in the People's Republic of China, where its sales rose 66.9 percent in 2009, selling 1,830,000 vehicles and accounting for 13.4 percent of the market.<br />

36. 45. FALLING REVENUE??<br />

37. 46. Biggest factor for GM's loss is that demand has fallen off a cliff. <br />Revenues fell by nearly half versus the year-ago quarter. GM's worldwide production fell by more than 900,000 cars and trucks, or about 40 percent, to only about 1.3 million.<br />

38. 47. VOLKSWAGEN<br />AGermanautomobile manufacturing group. <br />As of 2008, Volkswagen was ranked as the world's third largest motor vehicle manufacturer.<br />

39. 48. The company is headquartered in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany.<br />Volkswagen is the original marque within the Volkswagen Group, which includes the car marquesAudi, Bentley Motors, Bugatti Automobiles, AutomobiliLamborghini, SEAT, Škoda Auto and heavy goods vehicle manufacturer Scania<br />

40. 49. REVENUE : €105.2 billion (2009)<br />OPERATING INCOME : €1.855 billion (2009)<br />PROFITS : €960 million (2009)<br />

41. 50. Thank You<br />

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CHIEF ADMINISTRATING OFFICER at MADHU NURSING HOME Published on 1. MARKETTINGMANAGEMENT MID TERM ANU ARORA MHS1007003 3. Fiat is an italian automobile manufacturer,engine manufacturer ,financial and industrial group based in turin,italy It was founded in 1899 by giovaniagnelli It is the ninth largest carmaker in the world and italy's largest.

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Black cat in Italy symbol as the bad luck.
Italians love animals, and they love cat, but black cat in Italy is a symbol of wizard or witch, because of the medieval superstition-the devil Satan likes to turn into a black cat, and the witch often takes this cat as a friend.
Superstition blamed for killing thousands of black cats in Italy.

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News

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Lorenzo Croce, the association's president, blamed the Church for spreading myths about the animals.

"The Catholic Church has perpetuated this idea for centuries and it is now deeply implanted in people's minds," he said.

"For centuries black cats were massacred at the order of priests."

Mr Croce said Italians were very superstitious and more needed to be done to educate people.

"It is mostly uneducated people who would harm a black cat just because of its colour or would abandon a cat like this in the street to fall victim to other superstitious people," he said.

Mr Croce added that many of the cats disappeared around Hallowe'en. He blamed "strange rituals for worshipping evil", and said the perpetrators "need to sacrifice black cats while performing their rituals".

The association wants to hold a Black Cat Day every year on November 17, because the number 17 also holds negative connotations for Italians, who consider it to be as unlucky as the number 13.

It has been suggested that the superstition is related to the Roman numerals for the number 17, XVII, and an anagram of them, VIXI, which in Latin is the past tense of the verb to live.

Mr Croce said: "Our appeal for help to organise Black Cat Day has received a tremendously enthusiastic response from people who love the black cats just as much as all the others.

"We are planning to organise conferences and exhibitions in all major Italian cities, including Rome and Milan.

"The peak of it will be a big public concert in Rome that will celebrate these great, but tragically victimised, felines."

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Lorenzo Croce, the association's president, blamed the Church for spreading myths about the animals. "The Catholic Church has perpetuated this idea for centuries and it is now deeply implanted in people's minds," he said. "For centuries black cats were massacred at the order of priests."

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it's a huge mural, and it was listed as a World Heritage Site in 1980.
The Renaissance was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci on the walls of the cafeteria of the Dominican Catholic Church of Our Lady of the Catholic Favor in Milan.

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this status can represent Michelangelo the most.
David is the project in Renaissance, which made by Michelangelo in 1501 to 1504.
this sculpture is made by white marble, and it's present the David in Bible.
The status aims to a nude male, with height of 5.17 meters and 6 tons.
The original is currently placed at the Italian Academy of Fine Arts in Florence, and attracts about 1.2 million people to visit it each year.
the process of making starts from 1464, but in 1501 people decide to find others to finish this status.
In 1994, the Hong Kong Obscene Articles Tribunal rated the statue of David as indecent because the statue exposed male sexual organs.

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biography

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subjects of study:

tondo

(Show more)

Michelangelo, (born March 6, 1475, Caprese, Republic of Florence [Italy]-died February 18, 1564, Rome, Papal States), Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, and poet who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.

Michelangelo was considered the greatest living artist in his lifetime, and ever since then he has been held to be one of the greatest artists of all time. A number of his works in painting, sculpture, and architecture rank among the most famous in existence. Although the frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (Vatican; see below) are probably the best known of his works, the artist thought of himself primarily as a sculptor. His practice of several arts, however, was not unusual in his time, when all of them were thought of as based on design, or drawing. Michelangelo worked in marble sculpture all his life and in the other arts only during certain periods. The high regard for the Sistine ceiling is partly a reflection of the greater attention paid to painting in the 20th century and partly, too, because many of the artist's works in other media remain unfinished.

A side effect of Michelangelo's fame in his lifetime was that his career was more fully documented than that of any artist of the time or earlier. He was the first Western artist whose biography was published while he was alive-in fact, there were two rival biographies. The first was the final chapter in the series of artists' lives (1550) by the painter and architect Giorgio Vasari. It was the only chapter on a living artist and explicitly presented Michelangelo's works as the culminating perfection of art, surpassing the efforts of all those before him. Despite such an encomium, Michelangelo was not entirely pleased and arranged for his assistant Ascanio Condivi to write a brief separate book (1553); probably based on the artist's own spoken comments, this account shows him as he wished to appear. After Michelangelo's death, Vasari in a second edition (1568) offered a rebuttal. While scholars have often preferred the authority of Condivi, Vasari's lively writing, the importance of his book as a whole, and its frequent reprinting in many languages have made it the most usual basis of popular ideas on Michelangelo and other Renaissance artists. Michelangelo's fame also led to the preservation of countless mementos, including hundreds of letters, sketches, and poems, again more than of any contemporary. Yet despite the enormous benefit that has accrued from all this, in controversial matters often only Michelangelo's side of an argument is known.

Early life and works

Michelangelo Buonarroti was born to a family that had for several generations belonged to minor nobility in Florence but had, by the time the artist was born, lost its patrimony and status. His father had only occasional government jobs, and at the time of Michelangelo's birth he was administrator of the small dependent town of Caprese. A few months later, however, the family returned to its permanent residence in Florence. It was something of a downward social step to become an artist, and Michelangelo became an apprentice relatively late, at 13, perhaps after overcoming his father's objections. He was apprenticed to the city's most prominent painter, Domenico Ghirlandaio, for a three-year term, but he left after one year, having (Condivi recounts) nothing more to learn. Several drawings, copies of figures by Ghirlandaio and older great painters of Florence, Giotto and Masaccio, survive from this stage; such copying was standard for apprentices, but few examples are known to survive. Obviously talented, he was taken under the wing of the ruler of the city, Lorenzo de' Medici, known as the Magnificent. Lorenzo surrounded himself with poets and intellectuals, and Michelangelo was included. More important, he had access to the Medici art collection, which was dominated by fragments of ancient Roman statuary. (Lorenzo was not such a patron of contemporary art as legend has made him; such modern art as he owned was to ornament his house or to make political statements.) The bronze sculptor Bertoldo di Giovanni, a Medici friend who was in charge of the collection, was the nearest he had to a teacher of sculpture, but Michelangelo did not follow his medium or in any major way his approach. Still, one of the two marble works that survive from the artist's first years is a variation on the composition of an ancient Roman sarcophagus, and Bertoldo had produced a similar one in bronze. This composition is the Battle of the Centaurs (c. 1492). The action and power of the figures foretell the artist's later interests much more than does the Madonna of the Stairs (c. 1491), a delicate low relief that reflects recent fashions among such Florentine sculptors as Desiderio da Settignano.

Florence was at this time regarded as the leading centre of art, producing the best painters and sculptors in Europe, and the competition among artists was stimulating. The city was, however, less able than earlier to offer large commissions, and leading Florentine-born artists, such as Leonardo da Vinci and Leonardo's teacher, Andrea del Verrocchio, had moved away for better opportunities in other cities. The Medici were overthrown in 1494, and even before the end of the political turmoil Michelangelo had left.

In Bologna he was hired to succeed a recently deceased sculptor and carve the last small figures required to complete a grand project, the tomb and shrine of St. Dominic (1494-95). The three marble figures are original and expressive. Departing from his predecessor's fanciful agility, he imposed seriousness on his images by a compactness of form that owed much to Classical antiquity and to the Florentine tradition from Giotto onward. This emphasis on seriousness is also reflected in his choice of marble as his medium, while the accompanying simplification of masses is in contrast to the then more usual tendency to let representations match as completely as possible the texture and detail of human bodies. To be sure, although these are constant qualities in Michelangelo's art, they often are temporarily abandoned or modified because of other factors, such as the specific functions of works or the stimulating creations of other artists. This is the case with Michelangelo's first surviving large statue, the Bacchus, produced in Rome (1496-97) following a brief return to Florence. (A wooden crucifix, recently discovered, attributed by some scholars to Michelangelo and now housed in the Casa Buonarroti in Florence, has also been proposed as the antecedent of the Bacchus in design by those who credit it as the artist's work.) The Bacchus relies on ancient Roman nude figures as a point of departure, but it is much more mobile and more complex in outline. The conscious instability evokes the god of wine and Dionysian revels with extraordinary virtuosity. Made for a garden, it is also unique among Michelangelo's works in calling for observation from all sides rather than primarily from the front.

The Bacchus led at once to the commission (1498) for the Pietà, now in St. Peter's Basilica. The name refers not (as is often presumed) to this specific work but to a common traditional type of devotional image, this work being today the most famous example. Extracted from narrative scenes of the lamentation after Christ's death, the concentrated group of two is designed to evoke the observer's repentant prayers for sins that required Christ's sacrificial death. The patron was a French cardinal, and the type was earlier more common in northern Europe than in Italy. The complex problem for the designer was to extract two figures from one marble block, an unusual undertaking in all periods. Michelangelo treated the group as one dense and compact mass as before so that it has an imposing impact, yet he underlined the many contrasts present-of male and female, vertical and horizontal, clothed and naked, dead and alive-to clarify the two components.

The artist's prominence, established by this work, was reinforced at once by the commission (1501) of the David for the cathedral of Florence. For this huge statue, an exceptionally large commission in that city, Michelangelo reused a block left unfinished about 40 years before. The modeling is especially close to the formulas of classical antiquity, with a simplified geometry suitable to the huge scale yet with a mild assertion of organic life in its asymmetry. It has continued to serve as the prime statement of the Renaissance ideal of perfect humanity. Although the sculpture was originally intended for the buttress of the cathedral, the magnificence of the finished work convinced Michelangelo's contemporaries to install it in a more prominent place, to be determined by a commission formed of artists and prominent citizens. They decided that the David would be installed in front of the entrance of the Palazzo dei Priori (now called Palazzo Vecchio) as a symbol of the Florentine Republic. It was later replaced by a copy, and the original was moved to the Galleria dell'Accademia.

On the side Michelangelo produced in the same years (1501-04) several Madonnas for private houses, the staple of artists' work at the time. These include one small statue, two circular reliefs that are similar to paintings in suggesting varied levels of spatial depth, and the artist's only easel painting. While the statue (Madonna and Child) is blocky and immobile, the painting (Holy Family) and one of the reliefs ( Madonna and Child with the Infant St. John) are full of motion; they show arms and legs of figures interweaving in actions that imply movement through time. The forms carry symbolic references to Christ's future death, common in images of the Christ Child at the time; they also betray the artist's fascination with the work of Leonardo. Michelangelo regularly denied that anyone influenced him, and his statements have usually been accepted without demur. But Leonardo's return to Florence in 1500 after nearly 20 years was exciting to younger artists there, and later scholars generally agreed that Michelangelo was among those affected. Leonardo's works were probably the most powerful and lasting outside influence to modify Michelangelo's work, and he was able to blend Leonardo's ability to show momentary processes with his own to suggest weight and strength, without losing any of the latter quality. The resulting images, of massive bodies in forceful action, are those special creations that constitute the larger part of his most admired major works.

The Holy Family, probably commissioned for the birth of the first child of Agnolo and Maddalena Doni, was a particularly innovative painting that would later be influential in the development of early Florentine Mannerism. Its spiraling composition and cold, brilliant colour scheme underline the sculptural intensity of the figures and create a dynamic and expressive effect. The iconographic interpretation has caused countless scholarly debates, which to the present day have not been entirely resolved.

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Michelangelo | Biography, Sculptures, David, Pieta, Paintings, Facts, & Accomplishments

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Michelangelo, Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, and architect who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. Many of his works in painting, sculpture, and architecture rank among the most famous in the world, including the ceiling frescoes of the Sistine Chapel, the Pieta, and David.

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Michelangelo  is an outstanding generalist, sculptor, architect, painter and poet of the Italian Renaissance. He is also known as "Three Renaissance Artists" with Leonardo Da Vinci and Rafael Sanzio. It ’s known that even women ’s bodies draw strong muscles.
1945, he born, and his families are all branker, but only his father work for the government.

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Milan fashion week established in 1958, be called the big four fashion week in  the world.
About the Milan fashion week, it is organized by Camera Nazionale della Moda Italiana, and many brands will follow by the show.
Milan fashion week already held more than 40 shows, in every season.
The events that focus on women's fashion are the most important (Womenswear / Milan SS Women Ready to Wear, and Milano Moda Donna being the major fashion shows). The summer events dedicated to men include Menswear and Milano Moda Uomo.

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ppt slides show

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Milan Fashion Week 2017 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Backstage and collection highlights from Milan. Slideshow 7696168 by joshuasoares

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there is no national costume in Italy, but traditional dress.
Traditional clothing should be colorful. Women wear colorful embroidered skirts and blouses on light shirts or blouses, delicate hats, decorated with flowers or fruits, and men wear simple clothes with embroidery and metal buttons and pins.

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Italian leather is famous around the world, be called "the best Leather", but mostly can be buy in only big company or popular brands.
the reason why leather produced in Italy is so famous is because of the quality, in fact, most of the designer they spent time and money for making the better leather to sell, because Italians care the quality of things.
there are many leather brands in Italy, Alviero Martini, Chicca Borse, and Furla...

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Alviero Martini S.p.A. was founded in 1991 in Milan, with their own special style, producing accessories and bags.

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Alviero Martini 1a Classe | Sito Ufficiale | Donna e Uomo

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Acquista online le collezioni Donna e Uomo Alviero Martini 1a Classe e l'iconica stampa cartina geografica: borse, scarpe, accessori e regali per lui e per lei.

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news- text based file

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Crowds gather in Siena as horses are selected for the race. Credit... Andy Haslam for The New York Times

Crowds and chaotic thrills at the thunderous, lawless, medieval-style horse race in Siena, Italy.

Crowds gather in Siena as horses are selected for the race. Credit... Andy Haslam for The New York Times

When Hunter S. Thompson took the English artist Ralph Steadman to the Kentucky Derby in 1970, he tried to prepare him for the chaos into which they were descending. "Just pretend you're visiting a huge outdoor loony bin," Thompson said. He added, because he was rarely out of character, "If the inmates get out of control we'll soak them down with Mace."

"Huge outdoor loony bin" is not the most precise description of the Palio di Siena, the thunderous, lawless, bareback, medieval-style horse race held twice each summer in front of tens of thousands of spectators on a track of packed clay laid down in the downtown heart of Siena, in Tuscany. But it will do for the moment.

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Medieval pageantry is part of the Palio experience. Credit... Andy Haslam for The New York Times

The jockey who finishes second is held in more contempt than the one who comes in last. After the race, the victors celebrate by sucking on pacifiers or drinking cheap wine from baby bottles to symbolize rebirth. Siena comes to resemble a playpen in which many of the toddlers have hairy legs and five o'clock shadows.

A few years ago, when the Contrada Pantera (the Panther) was beaten by its long-established enemy, the Contrada dell'Aquila (the Eagle), a loudspeaker mounted on the Eagle's church tower reportedly boomed out a motto mocking the Panther 24 hours a day for more than a month, the way the United States military blasted heavy metal songs in the direction of Manuel Noriega's quarters in 1989 to drive him insane.

On a blistering August afternoon, 93 degrees in the shade, we were not in the shade. We were standing in the center of Siena's main square, the Piazza del Campo, waiting amid a boiling sea of spectators for the race to begin. We'd been there for hours, having staked out a plum spot on high ground. I'd forgotten my cap. In the strong sunshine, one side of my potato head, I fear, had gone from pink to a gruesome tomato-and-bacon sort of hue.

It's possible to purchase bleacher seats for the Palio, but they are expensive - as much as several hundred dollars - and look a bit rickety. If you have the right connections, or several thousand dollars to spend, you can also view the race from a variety of windows and balconies that ring the piazza and function like opera boxes.

Sometimes more than guile and payoffs are used to secure a Palio victory. In past years, horses have reportedly been drugged and jockeys kidnapped. Writing in Condé Nast Traveler, Steve King reported a bit of Palio skulduggery that involved inflaming a stallion's lust: "By the time the race began the poor beast didn't stand a chance - indeed, could hardly stand at all and barely managed to stagger his knock-kneed way around the course."

During the race, jockeys take their lives into their hands. The race involves three clockwise laps around one-third-of-a-mile track and there are tight turns. There have been dozens of serious injuries; videos of spills are all over YouTube. Horses are more vulnerable. More than 50 have died in these races since 1970; animal rights protesters have staged repeated protests. In response, Palio administrators have increased the padding on some turns and instituted other safety controls. Critics say these measures are not enough.

The parade ended and a booming cannon-like shot scattered every bird within two miles. The crowd grew quiet as the horses and their riders entered the piazza. Nine of the 10 racers took up their assigned positions at the starting rope. The 10th rider decided when the race started, when he made a go for it.

While this was happening, the riders conversed, swapped taunts and offered bribes. Impatient horses jostled and reared off the crowded line and were ridden back. The 10th horse made multiple exploratory false starts. This to-ing and fro-ing took more than 10 minutes.

And then they were off. The race was a clattering blur, whipping around us. It took less than 90 seconds but seemed even shorter. Several riders fell from their horses but none were seriously injured.

The winner was La Contrada dell'Onda (the Wave), its colors aquamarine. It was this contrada's first win since 2013 and its jockey, Carlo Sanna, known as Brigante, was an instant hero, hoisted upon shoulders.

He and his horse, the 9-year-old Porto Alabe, were whisked off to receive the winning banner and be blessed at the Siena Cathedral, the Duomo. This event was not hard to find. Hundreds, if not thousands, of people poured through the streets to make their way there, as the carabinieri kept close watch.

Out came the pacifiers and baby bottles. The winners wept with happiness. Meals commenced at huge tables set up in the streets. The festivities ran all night, which frankly they'd done for the four days leading up to the race, sometimes keeping us awake in our hotel room.

That night we ate pizza margherita, one of Valentina's Palio-night traditions, at an outdoor table at one of the restaurants that line the piazza. (Tables are hard to come by on Palio night. To watch Valentina secure one in the front row is to witness charm, fortitude and kung fu Italian-language skills in action.) We sat, caught our breaths, drank rehydrating beer over post-Instagram photographs. What else is vacation for?

The pizza was delicious - not so delicious that I'll forget to remind you that August is also the time to find plentiful and inexpensive white truffles in Siena. Some restaurants have entire wings of their menus devoted to their glory. Dishes come buried beneath them, the way the poutine in Montreal comes covered with cheese curds. Again, I wanted to cry.

I'd heard that truffle dogs could be rented for an afternoon in Siena. I asked my hotel's concierge about this. He told me yes, they're 600 euros. I said, "That's a lot of euros." He replied: "Do you know what a truffle dog's time is worth?"

This outdoor loony bin is one I will happily be committed to.

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Crowds and chaotic thrills at the thunderous, lawless, medieval-style horse race in Siena, Italy. Crowds gather in Siena as horses are selected for the race. Credit... Andy Haslam for The New York Times When Hunter S. Thompson took the English artist Ralph Steadman to the Kentucky Derby in 1970, he tried to prepare him for the chaos into which they were descending.

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Famiglia Cristiana means The Christian family, and it's an weekly magazine, published in Alba.
This magazine is also founded in Milan in 1931, and it aim is to guide from the Catholics living in the rural.
In the Early years, the main target of Famiglia Cristiana is for women and female, and it also covers food, fashion, politics and religion after the expansion in 1954.

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Oggi and Gente have the same style of content.
established in Milan, the name "Gente" meaning people, was launched in 1957, the content contains gossip, and it'a a popular Italian weekly magazine.

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Oggi and Gente have the same style of content.
"Oggi" means "Today in Italians". it's an weekly newspaper Magazine in Milan. Its one of the most ancient and important magazine.
In june 1939 Oggi held up in Milian, and it's modeled on the American magazine Life.
The content in Oggi, is more focusing on gossip, but avoids the trashy scandalous style. It may cover the social and political themes also.

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It's the oldest sports magazine, founded in 1912, published every month.
The original magazine is printed on green paper, in mid 1970s, the Guerin Sportivo moved from newspaper to magazine, and includes many photos in their project.
Since its origins, let people know what happened in the week, gives sport events, but mainly soccer, other sports being given less detail. Since the 1990s all pages are dedicated to soccer.

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It is the most iconic traditional rowing boat in Venice, Italy. The boat is painted in black and moved by a boatman standing at the stern. For centuries, Gondola was the main advantage within Venice.
Today, the Venetian usually uses multiple economic waterbuses to travel through the city's main waterways and other small islands in Venice. Gondola has been used for tourism.
Gondola is a ancient transportation, popular in 11 century, during that period there are more than 10000 of boats used, but now not over a hundred of gondola left.
Every year on the first Sunday afternoon in September, the historic Gondola rowing race, the Regata Storica rowing race, is held on the Grand Canal in Venice. According to historical records, the Venice Boat Festival originated in 1315.

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it'a car manufacturer company, in Milan established in 1872.
Pivelli is focused on the consumer business, producing cars, motorcycles and bicycles.

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Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino
The Fiat 1954 concept car Turbina maintains a car's lowest wind resistance record for 30 years with a drag coefficient of 0.14.
Fiat owned the patent for engine variable valve timing skill and in the 1980s, it was the world's first car factory to mass-produce variable valve timing technology, and applied it to the Group's Alfa Romeo vehicles.

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this is one of the famous Palio competitions.
hold in July 2nd and August 16th in each years, and in Siena, Italy.
The original competition contains pugna (boxing), equestrian and bullfighting... in the 16th century. From the 14th century, city began to separate players into groups, and join the competition.
In 1792, Violante, the governor of Munich from Bavaria, done the first time established a formal demarcation line for the 17 divisions of Siena.
At the same time, some divisions were consolidated, reducing the total number of Siena divisions to 17. In view of the accidents in previous years' competitions, the decree stipulated a maximum of ten divisions to participate in the same year.

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Tambourines originated in the Near East.  The instrument was known to the ancient Egyptians and Assyrians.
Women were the principal players of tambourines in other early civilizations, too.
Tambourines were played in processions, at festivities and at funerals, also be consider as the the most popular and important percussion .
It is still played and made and used according to the traditional methods in most of Italy, and also in Sicily.

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it's an ancient musical instrument, count as a type of flute. Usually will be made by clay, but also plastic, wood even iron...
About the Italian ocarina, it is a familiar instrument, because of its special sound, it often appears in movies.
The shape of an ocarina is similar to aircraft, which blow air to the holes around to create the same reaction as whistling.
This kind of ocarina is created in 1853, by Giuseppe Donati of Budrio, and its one of the original, and he starts to produce and sell more Ocarina.
These instruments (different types ocarina) is now used in many music recital, but they are all created in 19th century, which imitating other series of instruments, and created different level or pitches of sound.
in 1911, they set up a Italian ocarina band.

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[The Virgilian Tradition:
The First Fifteen Hundred Years]
by: Jan M. Ziolkowski/ Michael C. J. Putnam

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this is a function of using art to represent the advent of Jesus, usually by showing a special exhibition after celebrating Christmas.
The ways to present this scene, can be used model character to present or by real people to act the scene.
In fact, usually during the scene, they will focusing on the born of Jesus, they act the young Jesus and his mother and father.

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Vaticanae is an inland city-state that is located in the highlands of the northern Rome, the capital of Italy. it represent the highest authority of the Catholic Church, the residence of the Pope, the leader of the Catholic Church, the faith center of one sixth of the world ’s population, and the area of the world ’s territory. it's the smallest country, predecessor was the Papal State.
About Vaticanae, this word came from Latin, which means the place of propfet.
On January 1, 2009, the Holy See declared that "Italian law is too complicated and often lacks stability and often runs counter to Catholic doctrine."

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This is a common instrument in Asia countries, but had lesser records in Europe and Africa.
The function of Scacciapensieri works, is a reed that is fixed on one end of the frame and the other end is free to vibrate. The method of stringing on the piano table makes the reed vibrate and sound, and the musical resonance is generated by the player's oral resonance.

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audio file

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Best Of Ocarina - The complete collection

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By looking at the graph below, it shows the religion having in Italy.
- The Catholic Church of Italy has 225 parishes.
- There are many Catholic saints, martyrs and popes are Italian.
- Catholic art in Italy flourished and developed well, especially during the Middle Ages, Renaissance, and Baroque periods. Many Italian artists appeared, such as Michelangelo, Da Vinci, Raphael and Giotto...
- Italy owned the most cardinal, and owned the most Catholic Church.

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there are many different kinds of pizza around the world, before pizza began popular, many Italian consider pizza as a common and normal food, they can't believe Pizza will become to popular in nowadays.
the reasons why pizza are called pizza, because in Latin, there is a verb called "Pinsere", which means to press/push. In italian this words be called "Pigiare", which reads similar to "pizza", and pizza need to be press for to make it.
In facts, there are a lot of breads or cake are called "pin.....", for example PInza, Pinsa...etc.

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Italian pizza is one of most significant food due to them, and many of many countries start selling pizza  and creating their own favor style of pizza.
About the origin pf pizza, we think about the Napoli standard piiza, which are th Margherita pizza, and  Marinara pizza.
In 1894, held the "AssociazioneVerace Pizza Napoletana" for avoiding factory making a huge amount of pizza days and days.
The earliest pizza is selling in street and only poor people will buy. until 1830, the first pizza store opened, called "Pizzeria Port’Alba", pizza began important.
before 1889, people don't put any cheese on it, buy only chap vegetables and meat with tomato sauce.  until 1889, a restaurant be inspred by the flag of Itlay, they add red white and green food on pizza, which created the Margherita piiza.   Margherita pizza is one of a food that most represent Italian food, but in Taiwan, three of the most well known pizza restaurant didn;t sell the Margherita pizza, they think the pizza mainly and only with cheese, isn;t suitable for Taiwanese's favor.

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Royal Palace of Caserta is the largest palace, also the biggest building in Europe during 18th century. In 1997, it be designated as one of the World Cultural Heritage by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
This architecture is more likely to disappeared because in 2014, part of the roofs actually collapsed and urgently needed repairs and to fix it. This is an important history and creation means to Italy, in 1952 this palace starts to build, during the time Charles VII of Naples (of Spain) and Luigi Vanvitelli worked together for building this palace.

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this festival mostly celebrate in Northern Italy city of Ivrea, within the tradition of throwing oranges, and creating organize group, it't the largest food fight in Italy.
This celebrations is to commemorate the city, defiance against the city's tyrant. Citizens use the action of throwing to commemorate the moment of freedom.
This celebration involved thousands of people, and will be divided in to nine groups, combat team. it takes in February.
This celebration also links to the end of winter and the rise of new spring.

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this is an ancient festivals, already held more than 3000 years. People wore traditional masks during January 16th &17th.
Mamoiada  is one of the most famous events of Sardinian folklore.The traditional masks of this carnival are the Mamuthones and the Issohadores.

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The video by Rachael, shows the develops and changed on Ribollita, they modernize and reform this food. Ribollita used to be the cuisine that cooked again, but in this video, because of imitating this home-cook dish, they don't use the leftover bread, and the soup is new cooked, instead of reheating the vegetable soup that already cooked before. The original meaning for "Ribollita" is begin to disappear!

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The vertical forest is a new area in Milan's urban landscape and appeared as one of the iconic projects at Expo 2015.
it is a pair of residential tower, with height of 111 meters and 76 meters. it also contains 900 trees, about 500 trees in the first building and 530 in the second. The Bosco Verticale is famous in the outside of the building, its a new mode of building created in city, with the main idea to be away from the hustle and bustle in developed city.
inside the building, there are 11 office, but the biggest building contains 26 floor, with smallest contains 18 floor, and be count as the the richest business district in Europe.

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Torrei Di Pisa is a tower in the city of Pisa, Province of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy. Beside the tower, all the church, baptistry, and cemetery are the buildings that affects 11th centuries to 14th centuries the most.
The Leaning Tower of Pisa is a free-standing bell tower of the Cathedral of Pisa. It is located behind the Cathedral of Pisa and is one of the three major buildings of the Miracle Square. It was built in 1173.
The Pisa tower also known as the leaning tower, because shortly after the start of the project, it was inclined due to uneven foundations and soft soil layers. Completed in 1372, the tower was inclined southeast, but it used to be build in straight.
Pisa tower is an important example in Italian building history. before leaning the tower shows the creativity during that time, because it's unusual to made a circular foundation in a clock tower design.
many experts discuss about why the tower will lean, it is due to the particularity of the soil layer below its foundation. Because of the leaning problem, in 20 century, expert believe that it may fall and caused troubles by falling, so Italian government decided to fix and to protect the Pisa tower, and they used 11 years righting 44 cm and reducing the tilt angle from 5.5 degrees to 3.99 degrees.

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Also called "Arancine." it's a rice ball with bread crumbs, then deep fried it. Arancini is rice ball filled with meat, sometimes slow-cooked at low temperature, add tomato and sauce within it. The most popular favor of it is adding mozzarella or besciamella cheese inside, also filled with ham ans sometimes peas.
The origin of Arancini is during 10th centuries, and at Sicily, when the island was under the Arab rule.
In fact, Arancini is important to few areas in Italy, includes the cities of Palermo, Siracusa, and Trapani in Sicily, which during 13 December, breads and pasta are not eaten.

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Ribollita is a Tuscan soup which includes many different vegetables and with the main ingredient of leftover bread and beans. Ribollita is a special cuisine in Italy, the original meaning of the word "Ribollita" means reboiling or  reheating food from the previous day, which reflect the ancient Italian's lifestyle on eating and cooking.
Ribollita is actually the reboiling of minestrone(common food in Italy), people add leftover bread into the soup, which is a habbit of farming family, the soup has peasant origins.

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As a volunteer author writing about the national culture of Italy, I am acting as part of an online community for the kaleidoscope cultural museum project, and will contribute an insight into some of the lesser known aspects of the values of Italian culture. To avoid be the negative effect of globalization on culture, emphasize the importance of Italy traditions and aspect of country achievements will help to preserve it for future generation. In this kaleidoscope culture museum project will aims to preserve Italian culture by sharing 10 unique areas of culture with a worldwide community, that will value and preserve the distinctiveness of the country, inspired by the globalization, this project will act as the preservation of original Italy culture. The platform used for this project will be padlet and anyone will be able to access Italy at https://padlet.com/miriamliu0053/milxy7wp1628.

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kaleidoscope museum project