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It's a wall of processing power

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Websit

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A network interface card (NIC) is a hardware component without which a computer cannot be connected over a network. It is a circuit board installed in a computer that provides a dedicated network connection to the computer. It is also called network interface controller, network adapter or LAN adapter.

Purpose

NIC allows both wired and wireless communications.

NIC allows communications between computers connected via local area network (LAN) as well as communications over large-scale network through Internet Protocol (IP).

NIC is both a physical layer and a data link layer device, i.e. it provides the necessary hardware circuitry so that the physical layer processes and some data link layer processes can run on it.

Types of NIC Cards

NIC cards are of two types −

Internal Network Cards

In internal networks cards, motherboard has a slot for the network card where it can be inserted. It requires network cables to provide network access. Internal network cards are of two types. The first type uses Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) connection, while the second type uses Industry Standard Architecture (ISA).

External Network Cards

In desktops and laptops that do not have an internal NIC, external NICs are used. External network cards are of two types: Wireless and USB based. Wireless network card needs to be inserted into the motherboard, however no network cable is required to connect to the network. They are useful while traveling or accessing a wireless signal.

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A network interface card (NIC) is a hardware component without which a computer cannot be connected over a network. It is a circuit board installed in a computer that provides a dedicated network connection to the computer. It is also called network interface controller, network adapter or LAN adapter.

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Youtubs

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Hub, Switch or Router? Network Devices Explained

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Definition of: wireless adapter

A device that adds wireless connectivity to a laptop or desktop computer. All of the adapters below are available as external USB modules as well as PCI or PCI Express (PCIe) cards that plug into an empty slot on the motherboard. See PCI and PCI Express.

Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi adapters provide connectivity to the local area network (LAN) in the home or office. Typically used to add Wi-Fi to desktop computers, they can also retrofit older laptops that never came with Wi-Fi. See Wi-Fi and Ethernet.

Cellular (3G, 4G)
Cellular wireless adapters, also called "cellular modems," "air cards," "broadband adapters" or "broadband cards," deliver the same 3G and 4G wireless service that smartphones use. See wireless broadband and cellular modem.

Bluetooth
Bluetooth provides short range transmission between the computer and a mouse or keyboard. See Bluetooth.

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Definition of: wireless adapter A device that adds wireless connectivity to a laptop or desktop computer. All of the adapters below are available as external USB modules as well as PCI or PCI Express (PCIe) cards that plug into an empty slot on the motherboard. See PCI and PCI Express.

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A node is any physical device within a network of other devices that's able to send, receive, and/or forward information. The computer is the most the common node and is often called the computer node or internet node.

Modems, switches, hubs, bridges, servers, and printers are also nodes, as are other devices that connect over WiFi or Ethernet. For example, a network connecting three computers and one printer, along with two other wireless devices, has six total nodes.

Nodes within a computer network must have some form of identification, like an IP address or MAC address, for it to be recognized by other network devices. A node without this information, or one that has been taken offline, no longer functions as a node.

Network nodes are the physical pieces that make up a network, so there are often a few different types.

A network node is usually any device that both receives and then communicates something through the network but might instead just receive and store the data, relay the information elsewhere, or create and send data.

For example, a computer node might back up files online or send an email, but it can also stream videos and download other files. A network printer can receive print requests from other devices on the network while a scanner can send images back to the computer. A router determines what data is given to which devices that request file downloads within a network but is also used to send requests out to the public internet.

In a fiber-based cable TV network, nodes are the homes and/or businesses that are connected to the same fiber optic receiver.

Another example of a node is a device that provides intelligent network service within a cellular network, like a base station controller (BSC) or Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN). In other words, the cellular node is what provides the software controls behind the cellular equipment, like the structure with antennas that are used to transmit signals to all the devices within the cellular network.

A supernode is a node within a peer-to-peer network that functions not only as a regular node but also as a proxy server and the device that relays information to other users within the P2P network. Because of this, supernodes require more CPU and bandwidth than regular nodes.

There's a term called "end node problem" that refers to the security risk that comes with users connecting their computers or other devices to a sensitive network, either physically (like at work) or through the cloud (from anywhere), while at the same time using that same device to perform unsecured activities.

Some examples include an end user who takes their work laptop home but then checks their email on an unsecured network like at a coffee shop, or a user who connects their personal computer or phone to the company's WiFi network.

One of the greatest risks to a corporate network is a personal device that's been exploited and then used on that network. The problem is pretty clear: the device is mixing a potentially unsecured network and the business network that likely contains sensitive data.

The end user's device might be malware-infested with things like keyloggers or file transfer programs that extract sensitive information or move malware to the private network once that connection has been established.

There are many ways to help avoid this problem, from VPNs and two-factor authentication to special bootable client software that can only use certain remote access programs.

However, another method is to simply educate users on how to properly secure their device. Personal laptops can use an antivirus program to keep their files protected from malware, and smartphones can use a similar antimalware app to catch viruses and other threats before they cause any harm.

Node is also the word used to describe a computer file when in reference to a tree data structure. Much like a real tree where the branches hold their own leaves, the folders within a data structure hold their own files. The files might be called leaves or leaf nodes.

The word 'node' is also used with node.js, which is a JavaScript runtime environment used for executing server-side JavaScript code. The 'js' in node.js does not refer to the JS file extension used with JavaScript files but is instead just the name of the tool.

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Network Nodes Are Physical Devices on a Computer Network

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A node is any physical device within a network of other devices that's able to send, receive, and/or forward information. The computer is the most the common node and is often called the computer node or internet node. Modems, switches, hubs, bridges, servers, and printers are also nodes, as are other devices that connect over WiFi or Ethernet.

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(rē-pēt´ër) (n.) A network device used to regenerate or replicate a signal. Repeaters are used in transmission systems to regenerate analog or digital signals distorted by transmission loss. Analog repeaters frequently can only amplify the signal while digital repeaters can reconstruct a signal to near its original quality.

In a data network, a repeater can relay messages between subnetworks that use different protocols or cable types. Hubs can operate as repeaters by relaying messages to all connected computers. A repeater cannot do the intelligent routing performed by bridges and routers.

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(rē-pēt´ër) (n.) A network device used to regenerate or replicate a signal. Repeaters are used in transmission systems to regenerate analog or digital signals distorted by transmission loss. Analog repeaters frequently can only amplify the signal while digital repeaters can reconstruct a signal to near its original quality.

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A fiber optic cable is a network cable that contains strands of glass fibers inside an insulated casing. They're designed for long distance, high-performance data networking, and telecommunications.

Compared to wired cables, fiber optic cables provide higher bandwidth and can transmit data over longer distances. Fiber optic cables support much of the world's internet, cable television, and telephone systems.

Fiber optic cables carry communication signals using pulses of light generated by small lasers or light-emitting diodes.

How Fiber Optic Cables Work

A fiber optic cable consists of one or more strands of glass, each only slightly thicker than a human hair. The center of each strand is called the core, which provides the pathway for light to travel. The core is surrounded by a layer of glass called cladding that reflects light inward to avoid loss of signal and allow the light to pass through bends in the cable.

The two primary types of optical fiber cables are single mode and multi-mode. Single-mode fiber uses extremely thin glass strands and a laser to generate light, while multi-mode optical fiber cables use LEDs.

Single-mode optical fiber networks often use Wave Division Multiplexing techniques to increase the amount of data traffic that the strand can carry. WDM allows light at multiple different wavelengths to be combined (multiplexed) and later separated (de-multiplexed), effectively transmitting multiple communication streams through a single light pulse.

Advantages of Fiber Optic Cables

Fiber cables offer several advantages over long-distance copper cabling.

Fiber optics support a higher capacity. The amount of network bandwidth a fiber cable can carry easily exceeds that of a copper cable with similar thickness. Fiber cables rated at 10 Gbps, 40 Gbps, and 100 Gbps are standard.

Because light can travel for much longer distances over a fiber cable without losing its strength, the need for signal boosters is lessened.

A fiber optic cable is less susceptible to interference. A copper network cable requires shielding to protect it from electromagnetic interference. While this shielding helps, it is not sufficient to prevent interference when many cables are strung together in proximity to one another. The physical properties of fiber optic cables avoid most of these problems.

Fiber to the Home, Other Deployments, and Fiber Networks

Whereas most fiber optics are installed to support long-distance connections between cities and countries, some residential internet providers have invested in extending their fiber installations to suburban neighborhoods for direct access by households. Providers and industry professionals call these last mile installations.

Some better-known fiber-to-the-home services in the market include Verizon FIOS and Google Fiber. These services can provide gigabit internet speeds to households. However, they typically also offer lower capacity packages to their customers. Different home-consumer packages are often abbreviated with obscure acronyms:

FTTP (Fiber to the Premises): Fiber that's laid all the way to the building.

FTTB (Fiber to the Building/Business/Block): The same as FTTP.

FTTC/N (Fiber to the Curb of Node): Fiber that is laid to the node but then copper wires complete the connection inside the building.

Direct fiber: Fiber that leaves the central office and is attached directly to one customer. This provides the greatest bandwidth, but direct fiber is expensive.

Shared fiber: Similar to direct fiber except that as the fiber approaches the premises of nearby customers, it splits into others optical fibers for those users.

What Is Dark Fiber?

The term dark fiber (often spelled dark fibre or called unlit fibre) most commonly refers to installed fiber optic cabling that is not currently in use. The term sometimes also refers to privately operated fiber installations.

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Is Fiber Faster Than Traditional Cables? Learn All About Fiber Optics

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A fiber optic cable is a network cable that contains strands of glass fibers inside an insulated casing. They're designed for long distance, high-performance data networking, and telecommunications. Compared to wired cables, fiber optic cables provide higher bandwidth and can transmit data over longer distances.

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SO MUCH PICTURS