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The war in Syria has plunged 80% of its people into poverty, reduced life expectancy by 20 years, and led to massive economic losses estimated at over $200 billion since the conflict began in 2010, according to a UN-backed report.

The Syrian Centre for Policy Research painted a devastating picture of the "systematic collapse and destruction" of Syria's economic foundations in the report, saying the nation's wealth, infrastructure, institutions and much of its workforce have been "obliterated."

Almost three million Syrians lost their jobs during the conflict, which meant that more than 12 million people lost their primary source of income, it said, and unemployment surged from 14.9% in 2011 to 57.7% at the end of 2014.

"As huge swatches of the community have lost the opportunity to work and earn an income, just over 4 in 5 Syrians now live in poverty," the report said. "As it has become a country of poor people, 30% of the population have descended into abject poverty where households struggle to meet the basic food needs to sustain bare life."

The report said the four-year-old conflict coupled with the country's economic disintegration and social fragmentation have resulted in a 15% drop in Syria's population - from 20.87 million in 2010 to just 17.65 million at the end of last year.

Syria now has the second-largest refugee population in the world after the Palestinians, with 3.33 million people fleeing to other countries, it said. In addition, 1.55 million Syrians left the country to find work and a safer life elsewhere while 6.8 million fled their homes but remain in Syria, it said.

The report, supported by the U.N. Development Program and the UN agency for Palestinian refugees, said that as Syria's economy continues to deteriorate, total GDP loss is estimated at $119.7bn - accounting for 59% of the overall economic loss of $202.6bn by the end of 2014.

As violence intensified, it said, the number of deaths in the conflicts rose dramatically to 210,000. Together with the 840,000 wounded, this represented 6 percent of Syria's population killed or injured during the conflict, it said.

"Equally horrendous is the silent disaster that has reduced life expectancy at birth from 75.9 years in 2010 to an estimated 55.7 years at the end of 2014, reducing longevity and life expectancy by 27%," the report said.

It said education is also "in a state of collapse" with 50.8% of school-age children no longer attending school during 2014-2015 and almost half losing three years of schooling.
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Syria's war: 80% in poverty, life expectancy cut by 20 years, $200bn lost

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The war in Syria has plunged 80% of its people into poverty, reduced life expectancy by 20 years, and led to massive economic losses estimated at over $200 billion since the conflict began in 2010, according to a UN-backed report.

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Life expectancy in Syria fell by six years in the first three years of the civil war, according to a study showing that the health of populations in many countries that experienced uprisings or conflict during the Arab spring has suffered serious effects.

Between 2010 and 2013, average life expectancy dropped by approximately three months in Yemen, Tunisia and Egypt, according to research published in the Lancet global healthjournal. Libya experienced a steep drop in life expectancy after the 2011 uprising that deposed Muammar Gaddafi, but it rose after the initial conflict ended.

Worst affected was Syria, where men and women were expected to live to 75 and 80 respectively in 2010, but 69 and 75 by 2013. Infant deaths in the country rose by 9.1% over the same period, in stark contrast to the average 6% yearly decline in the decade to 2010, according to the study.

Ali Mokdad, professor of global health at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington, Seattle, who led the research, said the situation was likely to have worsened since.

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"The sad part is that we stop at 2013 and we know that the war has been raging in Syria [since], and there's a war in Yemen and war in Libya right now as well," he said. "People are dying from killing and bombing, but they're also dying because they're unable to get their blood pressure medicine, not able to get to hospital. Kids are not eating properly, getting anaemia - we need to stop this madness."

The study authors warn that hard-won gains that have led to life expectancy in the eastern Mediterranean region as a whole increasing from 65 in 1990 to 71 in 2013 are under threat. In the same period, life expectancy in Libya, Syria and Yemen rose steadily by about three months per year.
Report on Syria conflict finds 11.5% of population killed or injured
Mokdad said the situation had been aggravated by a brain drain of doctors, who were often among the first to leave when conflict broke out even though their skills would be vital during war and beyond.

The report, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, warns that on top of the direct threat posed by conflict, millions of people in countries where uprisings took place in 2010 are faced with dire water shortages and poor sanitation, which can lead to outbreaks of disease. Frequent attacks on vaccination teams have slowed immunisation campaigns, and polio has again become a major concern - especially in refugee camps - at a time when the region was close to eradicating it.

Mokdad said: "We need a road map for building health infrastructure in these countries. All we do in immunisation is based on electricity for the fridges to keep medicines in, everything is based on roads, everything is based on safety, so drivers can deliver. All countries need to come together to fix this."

Just under two years ago, the UN estimated that the death toll in Syria from the conflict was 250,000. But in February, the Syrian Centre for Policy Research said 470,000 people had died - about 400,000 directly owing to violence and 70,000 because of a lack of adequate health services.
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Life expectancy in Syria fell by six years at start of civil war

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Life expectancy in Syria fell by six years in the first three years of the civil war, according to a study showing that the health of populations in many countries that experienced uprisings or conflict during the Arab spring has suffered serious effects.

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Gender Inequality Index: 0.547
Estimated GNI per Capita: for Male: $4779 USD
for Woman: $657

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women and girls have to wear headscarves (hijabs) and full-length robes (abayas), and punish those who do not comply.

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GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) - Syrian Arab Republic, Lebanon

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GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) - Syrian Arab Republic, Lebanon

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- Certain extremist armed opposition groups are imposing strict and discriminatory rules on women and girls that have no basis in Syrian law

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70.31 years (2016)

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Before the crisis in 2011, Syria had 97% of primary-age children attending school. Even by 2013 this had dropped to 67%.

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Children in school face daily challenges such as; over-crowded classrooms, psychological scars of traumatic experiences, lack of educational resources as well as poor standards of teaching.

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- Government maintains control of the press
- Journalists frequently arrested and put on trial
- Strong internet censorship, arresting people who access banned sites

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There is an increasingly a generation which is uneducated as they haven't enrolled in schools. Thus will limit the long term developments of Syria.

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Due to the conflicts over 7000 schools have been destroyed. As well as 2 million children out of school.

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-The GDP per capita in Syria was last recorded at $US 13,081 in 2018.
-Link to graph that shows change over time: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD?locations=SY-LB