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-Modernism was a cultural and philosophical movement which occurred from around 1900-1940.
-At the turn of the 19th century, industrialization drastically changed society. Traditionalist thought became more obsolete as inventions such as the radio, television, and automobile transformed society into mass consumers. The rise of pop culture and celebrities also came to take over American life. Changes from traditional life made people question what they previously thought.
-Modernists wanted to represent life realistically and in a new modern style. New artistic styles,  but more importantly theatrical styles, emerged, showing how different life had become. Life in modernist art had become filled with new devices and machines from industrialization and the joy and bliss of the Roaring Twenties. But overtime, as the Great Depression hit and WWII modernists used their influence to express the disparity between social classes and horror of war.

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- WWI shaped the way writers wrote as they portrayed the horrors and aftermath of warfare. Literature became the way for those at home to experience the realities of warfare.
- The younger generation, called modernists,  challenged the ideas of traditionalists and their ideals of society. Modernists pushed for greater independence and political freedom through their writings and actions. Modernist work focused on the culture surrounding the era and highlighted movements that helped define individualism. For example, the promotion of the American standard of living and mass consumerism caused the economy to skyrocket.
-The Great Depression was a time of sorrow for Americans. The event shaped literature as people wrote about how the government should fix the nation’s problems and showed the travesty throughout the country. These works led to President Roosevelt enacting the New Deal, which tried to provide relief to the country after the Great Depression and addressed issues regarding the government’s role in the economy.

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-Fitzgerald’s notable book, The Great Gatsby, was a modernist work that followed the story of a wealthy man reconnecting with a woman after WWI. His work portrayed post-World War 1 and highlighted the changing culture during his time.
-Hemingway’s work reflected the idea that life was not going to get better. Being a soldier in WWI, his writing was also influenced by his experiences in war. People enjoy his work due to his simplicity, elegant, and concise style of writing.
-Steinbeck wrote about the social consequences of the Great Depression. His works follow the economic issues of the time and stories of people who were affected by the Great Depression.

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-During the Modernist era, new forms of literary styles emerged such as the `stream-of-consciousness”. This literary style has a character describe him or herself’s thoughts or desires using monologue. Stream-of-consciousness tried to mimic the way people thought during the modern era, which was unorganized and unconventional. An example of stream-of-consciousness is shown in Edgar Allen Poe’s poem, “The Tell-Tale Heart”. In the story, the narrator describes his thought process to murder a man by speaking out loud. Stream-of-consciousness differs from other forms of literature because the narrator is not described in third person, but rather described by him or herself directly.

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Kuiper, Kathleen. “Modernism.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 19 Nov. 2019,
www.britannica.com/art/Modernism-art.

“Ernest Hemingway's Impact on the World.” Articles | News | OakPark.com, www.oakpark.com/News/Articles/7-17-2012/Ernest-Hemingway's-impact-on-the-world/.

“John Steinbeck Biography.” Biography Online, www.biographyonline.net/writers/john-steinbeck.html.

Lynch, Suzanne. “Out of the Wasteland: the First World War and Modernism.” The Irish Times, The Irish Times, 5 May 2015,
www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/out-of-the-wasteland-the-first-world-war-and-modernism-1.2190829.

“Traditionalism vs. Modernism.” Roaring Twenties, takenol.weebly.com/traditionalism-vs-modernism.html.

“Stream of Consciousness - Examples and Definition.” Literary Devices, 13 Jan. 2018, literarydevices.net/stream-of-consciousness/.

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