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During this unit, we talked about where the Internet is going in the future. The unit started by having us choose between multiple questions relating information that we can receive from Internet-based media and read the corresponding material. I chose to answer the question, "Can Google Searches Provide Data about Hidden Attitudes and Behavior?" I learned that Google is able to monitor our searches to see what people are thinking and also predict their actions, to an extent. Google uses "Big Data" to estimate attitudes, such as implicit racist attitudes, as well as what you will do in the future. It appears as though Google might be able to predict our actions more accurately than we can predict our own actions because we tend to overestimate our actions (such as going to the gym or watching informative documentaries) and/or lie to ourselves.

We then learned about the many predictions that were made about the future of the Internet a long time ago and how accurate those predictions have proven to be. We were then encouraged to come up with our own predictions. My predictions were:
1) Glasses will have Internet components (like Tony Stark's glasses)
2) Holograms will replace FaceTime
3) Google will make itself into a more personalized search engine that is better able to predict what we are searching for, and find us the correct answer/the answer we are looking for

At the beginning of the semester, I was nervous as to how this class would go. I was worried it was going to be extremely challenging. However, I learned quickly that it wasn't necessarily challenging but very detail-oriented, which I enjoyed. The information was also very interesting, and thus didn't feel like a lot of work, especially when you stay ahead on the assignments.

I truly enjoyed everything that I learned in this course, and hope to continue learning more about the relationship between the Internet and psychology as I continue with my psychology studies.

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During this unit, we learned a lot about Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. For the first assignment, we listened to Professor Gernsbacher's lecture video that explained that this unit wouldn't focus on Internet addiction because doing so would be like only focusing on natural disasters in a weather course. That analogy really stuck with me.

We then read about different online treatments for things ranging from Binge Eating Disorder to Disruptive Behavior in children. I chose to read about an internet intervention for Insomnia. The study compared how effective online therapy was for those suffering from insomnia compared to those who learned about Insomnia information from a very generalized source. There was no improvement differences between groups. However, the online Insomnia intervention was more personalized.

I've actually struggled with eating disorders throughout my life, and knowing that internet-based therapy actually produces similar results has intrigued me to look into different services. What is also encouraging to me about these findings is that in-person services are very expensive and many cannot afford the treatment or cannot go more than a certain number of times a year. Thus, I feel as though the option to have therapy via online means might help more people get the treatment they need. One problem to consider is how to make sure that those who would benefit from the services know that these services are out there for them to utilize. Another thing to consider would be trying to make sure that people are motivated to complete the interventions/therapies, as they would have to be more self-driven.

Then, we learned about Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy which is therapy that attempts to change the way you think about things in an attempt to change your behavior as a result. I actually learned about CBT in therapy my junior year of high school, but never really got to do much with it because my insurance ran out and I couldn't keep going to therapy. Therefore, I'm hoping to look more into Internet based CBT to continue working on the things I would like to improve upon and the way I think about things.

During our Group Chat this week, we discussed our stresses or anxieties we were feeling regarding our term projects, and offered each other ways in which to deal with these stresses and anxieties based on what we have learned about CBT and breaking the negative thought cycles we tend to find ourselves in, especially when we procrastinate or simply feel stressed.

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Personality is an interesting topic. It's intrigued people for a very long time. Girlfriends hoping their boyfriends will change; parents hoping their quiet children will learn to bloom; teachers hoping their slacking students will step up. I used to love personality tests (okay, I still love them). I love BuzzFeed quizzes that tell me what flavor ice cream I am and what Office character I am.

During this unit, we learned the major classifications for personality traits identified today. These classifications are based off the famous (at least in the psychology field) Big Five: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.

We even took the two personality  tests, ourselves, to see how we fared. I was around average on extraversion, high on agreeableness, very high on conscientiousness and neuroticism, and high on openness on both tests.

Personally, I feel like my results fit me perfectly. I consider myself an ambivert: highly extroverted in low stimulation settings but highly introverted in high stimulation settings. Susan Cain mentions ambiverts in her TedTalk linked above. I am extremely high in conscientiousness, which I consider to be my key personality trait. I don't think I even feel "the flow" that everyone says they enjoy going with. I also agree that I am high on agreeableness, openness, and neuroticism. While neuroticism may sound negative, I don't believe it to be true. I feel as though I feel things very deeply. I may not manage my emotions well, but I feel things strongly and have a tendency to see things realistically, both of which I am okay with.

I enjoyed these tests as well as comparing our results with those in our discussion. My old Group Chat member and I were exact opposites, which I definitely could have predicted. It was interesting to work with someone so different from me, but I have fond memories of it.

We also learned about how our personalities cannot predict our behavior on the Internet. We looked at multiple tables, showing us that personality traits explain very little in the variance between certain behaviors relating to the internet. For example, certain personality traits do not predict Internet addiction or gaming addiction.

Finally, we learned about selfies. We learned that selfies have been popular long before the Internet allowed for them to be shared widely with the world. I chose to learn more about who owned the copyrights to a selfie taken by a monkey because I love primates, and selfies tend not to interest me because I don't like taking them.

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Steve Jobs introduced the iPhone in 2007

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Steve Jobs introduced the iPhone in 2007

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"We're going to make some history today."
It combined an iPod, a phone, and an "Internet communicator."

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Steve Jobs introducing the first iPhone (MacWorld 2007)

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I liked the one person saying that they don't like the Internet because it was too much information.

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Flashback! The Internet In 1995 | Archives | TODAY

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Douglas Adams’ essay “How to Stop Worrying and Learn to Love the Internet,” which was written in 1999

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Douglas Adams’ essay “How to Stop Worrying and Learn to Love the Internet,” which was written in 1999

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I suppose earlier generations had to sit through all this huffing and puffing with the invention of television, the phone, cinema, radio, the car, the bicycle, printing, the wheel and so on, but you would think we would learn the way these things work, which is this:
1) everything that’s already in the world when you’re born is just normal;
2) anything that gets invented between then and before you turn thirty is incredibly exciting and creative and with any luck you can make a career out of it;
3) anything that gets invented after you’re thirty is against the natural order of things and the beginning of the end of civilisation as we know it until it’s been around for about ten years when it gradually turns out to be alright really.

--This basically summarizes unit one... everything that is new is feared at first but eventually accepted as the new norm.

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AT&T television advertisements from 1993, “You Will.”

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AT&T television advertisements from 1993, “You Will.”

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Did AT&T Predict The Future? The "You Will" Campaign 25 Years Later | Answers With Joe

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Wired magazine’s brief (2018) article, “25 Years Ago, AT&T Predicted the Future We’re Living Now”

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Wired magazine’s brief (2018) article, “25 Years Ago, AT&T Predicted the Future We’re Living Now”

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The ads asked people to imagine speaking with a loved one from a wristwatch, untethered from a phone. Or receiving driving directions from a computer in the car’s dashboard. Or taking a meeting from the beach with colleagues stuck in cubicles or conference rooms.
--This does sound like how it is today.

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Arthur C. Clarke predicted about future wireless communication back in 1976.

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Arthur C. Clarke predicted about future wireless communication back in 1976.

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He predicted that we will be able to see each other while communicating to each other.
He also predicted "a high-definition TV screen and a typewriter keyboard and through this you can receive any type of information and send messages to your friends so that they can read it" which sounds a lot like a computer to me.

: Well, the thing that really interests me isn’t so much human communications but communications with other intelligences elsewhere. And this is the biggest unknown, it’s one of the most exciting prospects: Will we ever pick up signals from space – radio signals or any other kind of signal?
--We haven't communicated with other life-forms, if that's what he's getting at.

A wristwatch telephone, you know, will be technologically feasible very soon.
--This reminds me of an Apple Watch.

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Interview with author/futurist Arthur C. Clarke, from an AT&T-MIT Conference, 1976

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Nikola Tesla predicted about future wireless communication back in 1926.

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Nikola Tesla predicted about future wireless communication back in 1926.

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1.    We shall be able to communicate with one another instantly, irrespective of distance. Not only this, but through television and telephony we shall see and hear one another as perfectly as though we were race to race. despite intervening distances or thousands or miles; and the instruments through which we shall be able to do his will be amazingly simple compared with our present telephone. A man will be able to carry one in his vest pocket.

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Stephens-Davidowitz’s (2017) article, “Everybody Lies: How Google Search Reveals our Darkest Secrets.”

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Stephens-Davidowitz’s (2017) article, “Everybody Lies: How Google Search Reveals our Darkest Secrets.”

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a.    Many people underreport embarrassing behaviours and thoughts on surveys. They want to look good, even though most surveys are anonymous. This is called social desirability bias

b.    The more impersonal the conditions, the more honest people will be. For eliciting truthful answers, internet surveys are better than phone surveys, which are better than in-person surveys. People will admit more if they are alone than if others are in the room with them. However, on sensitive topics, every survey method will elicit substantial misreporting. People have no incentive to tell surveys the truth.

c.    Digital truth serum, on average, will show us that the world is worse than we have thought.

d.    But there are at least three ways this knowledge can improve our lives. First, there can be comfort in knowing you are not alone in your insecurities and embarrassing behaviour. The second benefit of digital truth serum is that it alerts us to people who are suffering. The final – and, I think, most powerful – value in this data is its ability to lead us from problems to solutions.

e.    There are other potential ways to use search data to learn what causes, or reduces, hate.

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NPR’s (2017) podcast, “What Our Google Searches Reveal About Who We Really Are.” 

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NPR’s (2017) podcast, “What Our Google Searches Reveal About Who We Really Are.” 

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a.    Yeah, I think the traditional way to collect data was to send a survey out to people and have them answer questions, check boxes. There are lots of problems with this approach. Many people don't answer surveys, and many people lie to surveys. So the new era of data is kind of looking through all the clues that we leave, many of them not as part of questions or as part of surveys but just clues we leave as we go through our lives.

b.    Google searches reveal our implicit biases…gender biases towards our own children, racist attitudes towards Barak Obama (actually higher in the East than the West which goes against what we would’ve thought (North vs South)), sexual activity (5% of men look for gay porn but only 2.5% report being attracted to men)

c.    Counter: how much search terms tell us about what people are actually thinking or actually feeling and how much they might just tell us about things that people are curious about.

d.    Also make the claim that Big Data knows us better than we know ourselves, or can predict our actions better than we can because we lie to ourselves.

My main question is... what do they do with all this information? Who thinks to do the research that they do? Like looking into predicting Prostate Cancer.

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subscribe to Hidden Brain podcast

When we have a question about something embarrassing or deeply personal, many of us don't turn to a parent or a friend, but to our computers: We ask Google our questions.

As millions of us look for answers to questions, or things to buy, or places to meet friends, our searches produce a map of our collective hopes, fears, and desires.

Seth Stephens-Davidowitz, a former data scientist at Google, analyzes the information we leave behind on search engines, social media, and even pornography sites. He's the author of the book Everybody Lies: Big Data, New Data, and What the Internet Can Tell Us About Who We Really Are.

"I think there's something very comforting about that little white box that people feel very comfortable telling things that they may not tell anybody else about: Their sexual interests, their health problems, their insecurities. And using this anonymous aggregate data we can learn a lot more about people than we've really ever known," he said.

By mining data from the Internet, Stephens-Davidowitz has found surprising correlations that tell a far different story than those presented by surveys. Online data allow him, for example, to estimate the percentage of American men who are gay; predict the unemployment rate weeks before the federal government releases official statistics; and uncover parents' unconscious biases against girls.

It's not just researchers like Stephens-Davidowitz who have figured out big data's ability to reveal truth. Companies already use big data to predict our behavior - from whether we'll pay back a loan to which movies we'll watch on the weekend.

These new forms of data are so valuable, Stephens-Davidowitz argues, because they understand us better than we understand ourselves.
Hidden Brain is hosted by Shankar Vedantam and produced by Maggie Penman, Jennifer Schmidt, Rhaina Cohen, and Renee Klahr. Our supervising producer is Tara Boyle. You can follow us on Twitter @hiddenbrain, and listen for Hidden Brain stories each week on your local public radio station.

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What Our Google Searches Reveal About Who We Really Are

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subscribe to Hidden Brain podcast When we have a question about something embarrassing or deeply personal, many of us don't turn to a parent or a friend, but to our computers: We ask Google our questions.

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Can Google Searches Provide Data about Hidden Attitudes and Behavior?

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Can Google Searches Provide Data about Hidden Attitudes and Behavior?

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Two abstracts that were published in the prestigious journal, Science

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Two abstracts that were published in the prestigious journal, Science

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1.    Social media for large studies of behavior Derek Ruths & Jürgen Pfeffer

§  Powerful computational resources combined with the availability of massive social media datasets have given rise to a growing body of work that uses a combination of machine learning, natural language processing, network analysis, and statistics for the measurement of population structure and human behavior at unprecedented scale.

2.    Big data meets public health Muin J. Khoury & John P. A. Ioannidis

§  Separating the true signal from the gigantic amount of noise is neither easy nor straightforward, but it is a challenge that must be tackled if information is ever to be translated into societal well-being.

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Overcoming Negative Body Image Tracker from Enhanced Cognitive Behaviour Therapy.com

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Overcoming Negative Body Image Tracker from Enhanced Cognitive Behaviour Therapy.com

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I found this online, and I really liked it because, as mentioned in Boyes (2013) article, it's a good idea to write down when you notice negative thought processes.

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Hubbard’s (no date) article, “Procrastination: Getting Unstuck with CBT”

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Hubbard’s (no date) article, “Procrastination: Getting Unstuck with CBT”

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§  Procrastination

a.    When participating in avoidance behavior, one underlying emotion can be the feeling of being overwhelmed. In order to address being overwhelmed and the task in front of us, knowing where to start is the key to being able to start.

SMART goals:

a.     Specific

b.    Measurable

c.    Achievable

d.    Relevant

e.    Time-bound

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Anxiety BC’s (no date) article, “Self Help – Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT): Realistic Thinking”

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Anxiety BC’s (no date) article, “Self Help – Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT): Realistic Thinking”

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§  Realistic Thinking
-replacing negative thinking with realistic and balanced thinking

a.    “Realistic thinking” means looking at yourself, others, and the world in a balanced and fair way, without being overly negative or positive.

b.    Pay attention to the shift in your emotion, no matter how small. When you notice yourself getting more upset or distressed, ask yourself, “What am I telling myself right now?” or “What is making me feel upset?”

c.    Finally, after challenging a negative thought and evaluating it more objectively, try to come up with an alternative thought that is more balanced and realistic.

d.    It can also be particularly helpful to write down your realistic thoughts or helpful coping statements on an index card or piece of paper. Then, keep this coping card with you to help remind you of these statements when you are feeling too distressed to think clearly.

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Boyes (2013) article, “Try These Cognitive Restructuring Exercises to Improve Your Mood and Reduce Stress”

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Boyes (2013) article, “Try These Cognitive Restructuring Exercises to Improve Your Mood and Reduce Stress”

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§  Practice Noticing When You're Having a Cognitive Distortion

a.    What's the worst possible thing that could happen? The best possible thing that could happen? The most realistic?

§  Track the Accuracy of a Thought

a.    Example: Your rumination-related thought is "If I think a lot about my problem, it'll help me find a solution." For this example, you might write down each time you notice yourself ruminating (overthinking) in one column, and in a second column note if the rumination actually lead to useful problem solving. At the end of the week, determine what percentage of the times you ruminated it led to useful problem solving?

§  Behaviorally Testing Your Thought

a.    Example: Your thought is "I don't have time to take breaks." For a week (week 1), you could follow your usual routine and at the end of each day, rate your productivity on a 0-10 scale. For week 2, you could take a five minute break every 60 minutes and do the same ratings. You would then compare your productivity ratings across the two weeks.

§  Evaluate the Evidence For/Against Your Thought

a.    Example: Your thought is "I can never do anything right." You could write one column of objective evidence (column A) that supports the idea that you can never do anything right, and one column of objective evidence that your thought is not true (column B).

§  Mindfulness Meditation

a.    isn't specifically a tool for cognitive restructuring but it's a great way to train yourself to be mindful (aware) of when you've become lost in thought. Mindful awareness of what thoughts you're having is an essential first step in cognitive restructuring.

§  Self-Compassion

a.    Example: You've done something silly and normally you'd call yourself a "stupid idiot." Instead you take a self-compassion approach. You acknowledge you've made a mistake, that you feel embarrassed, and that this is part of the universal human experience. Over time, if you replace self-criticism with selfcompassion, your thoughts will change. As you do this, you might notice your thoughts about other people becoming kinder and more accepting too.

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During this unit, we learned about how or if the Internet is changing/affecting the development of children and the aging of older generations. Many argue that younger generations are being negatively affected by being introduced to the Internet at such a young age. However, the Internet does not stunt or disrupt child development, nor does it harm their brains.

Many believe the Internet only offers children mind-numbing games like Candy Crush. Rather, the Internet has many benefits to children as they develop, such as offering a multitude of services to  help improve their reading skills. While, I disagree that these services should replace the traditional parent-reading-to-child ways of the past, I do feel as though these services should be offered and utilized. I used to read constantly as I was growing up. During the summers, I would wake up, start reading, and wouldn't stop until I finished the book. I'd forget to eat. Therefore, I feel as though encouraging such a love of reading is a positive endeavor.

The Internet also provides many services to the aging generations as well. It has the ability to provide many services that help them with the aging process that have been found to have a lot of positive effects in terms of cognitive, physical, and psychological health. For example, the Internet offers more communication opportunities for older people. A heart-warming example of this is a program that matches a Brazilian student with an elderly American to help the student learn English and allows the elderly an opportunity to socialize, as loneliness is often seen in these older populations.

Nevertheless, older generations tend to have difficulties understanding how to use technology. To explore this more, we were to teach someone over the age of 60 how to do something on the Internet that they didn’t know how to do. I taught my father, who is 62, how to delete his phone number off of Facebook as to learn how to better protect his private information. He was a quick learner, but grew frustrated when he couldn't personalize more information.

During our Group Chat, we discussed the digital divide between those who have access to the Internet at home and those who do not. This puts those who do not have access at an extreme disadvantage as the use of the Internet in schools only increases.  We learned many facts about the extremity of the divide. I had always assumed everyone had the same level of access to the Internet that I had. However, this is unfortunately far from the truth. We came up with three potential ways in which we would bridge the divide:
Option 1: More public access to access to Internet and computers (similar to libraries and computer labs) which would require the money upfront to build the spaces and monthly stipends to pay for the access which could be paid for by donations, taxes, or the federal tax money allocated to education.
Option 2: offering internet companies tax breaks if they offer low-income households wifi at a discounted rate.
Option 3: having community wifi similar to UW which would require a lot of money that could be generated through taxes.

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This unit discussed how the Internet has changed our judgement and decision making.

We chose to read articles answering one of many questions regarding this idea, and I chose to answer the question "Should you click on (or forward) that link to gossip?" The Internet is a very easy place to find hurtful things posted about people you know, people you don't know, and everyone in between. These posts have the potential to cause serious harm to the individuals the posts are about. Don't get me wrong, I love drama and it can be interesting to learn about the secrets people hold, but it is an invasion of privacy.

Further, websites monitor the kind of content you are clicking on. Clicking on posts that are derogatory or mean means more derogatory and mean posts show up on your feed and other people's feed. Therefore, rather than be a culture that thrives on tearing others down and the spreading of such hurtful messages, Monica Lewinsky's Ted Talk calls us to be a nation of empathy that strives to empower others.

It hurts to see that our culture is one that thrives on shaming others. It hurts to know that people are making money off of other people's shame and suffering. It'd be interesting to look into how people that read these kind of posts are similar and/or different from those who actively troll others to elicit shame and suffering. The difference between passively clicking and actively hurting might be smaller than we think.

We also learned about three heuristics that we discussed during our Group Chats: the availability heuristic, representative heuristic, and anchoring heuristic. Heuristics allow our brains to exert less energy trying to find an answer by taking quick, mental short cuts to arrive at an answer. The availability heuristic is using information that comes to mind the easiest. For example, we think certain events are more likely than others because of how easily the prior come to mind compared to the latter: a plane crash seems more likely than a car crash because the media makes a bigger deal out of plane crashes. The representative heuristic is the stereotype we hold in our minds about what something or someone should look or behave based on a piece of information about them. For example, we think that professors should be tidy, intelligent, well-dressed individuals while we think that truck drivers should be fat, less-intelligent people that don't read. The anchoring heuristic is allowing a number to serve as an estimate to how close the actual number should be. For example, if we were asked how many shark attacks there are every year after being told how many people die from shark attacks, we would estimate a number around the number we were given.

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Online CBT app that offers:
1.    help bettering the management of day-to-day stresses and anxiety;

2.    help improving resilience;

3.    learning skills to understand thoughts, feelings, and behaviors;

4.    reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety; and

5.    hearing the stories of other college students.

I tried SilverCloud and wished it offered more tips on how to actually change my thoughts. For example, for every negative self-thought, produce three positive.

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Abstract of Carlbring et al.’s (2018) article, “Internet-Based vs. Face-to-face Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) for Psychiatric and Somatic Disorders: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.”

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Abstract of Carlbring et al.’s (2018) article, “Internet-Based vs. Face-to-face Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) for Psychiatric and Somatic Disorders: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.”

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[G]uided ICBT (Internet-based CBT) for psychiatric and somatic conditions were directly compared to face-to-face CBT within the same trial.

ICBT and face-to-face treatment produced equivalent overall effects.

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Abstract of Adelman et al.’s (2014) article, “A Meta-analysis of Computerized Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for the Treatment of DSM-5 Anxiety Disorders.”

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Abstract of Adelman et al.’s (2014) article, “A Meta-analysis of Computerized Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for the Treatment of DSM-5 Anxiety Disorders.”

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cCBT (Computerized CBT) was significantly more effective than waitlist control in the treatment of anxiety disorders.

The efficacy of cCBT was equivalent to in-person CBT in studies that compared them head-to-head, for both children and adults.

cCBT represents an efficacious intervention for the treatment of anxiety disorders and may circumvent barriers to accessing traditional CBT treatments.
--When I went through CBT in person, the problem for me was that my insurance ran out, and I couldn't go anymore. I also felt like my therapist didn't understand.

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Mind: The Mental Health Charity’s (2015) video, “What is CBT? Making Sense of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.” 

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Mind: The Mental Health Charity’s (2015) video, “What is CBT? Making Sense of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.” 

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Talking therapy that focuses mostly on goals and mostly on the present day. CBT combines Cognitive therapy (examining what you think) and Behavioral therapy (examining what you do) because the way we think affects how we behave and feel.

CBT helps you break negative cycles of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

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What is CBT? | Making Sense of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

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Mayo Clinic's definition of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

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Mayo Clinic's definition of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

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Defn: Kind of psychotherapy that  helps you become aware of inaccurate or negative thinking, so you can view challenging situations more clearly and respond to them in a more effective way.

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Grammarist.com difference between behavior and behaviour

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Grammarist.com difference between behavior and behaviour

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In short, there is no difference. We, Americans, just like "behavior" more.

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Hagatun et al.’s (2018) study, “Internet-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for [Adult] Insomnia and Comorbid Symptoms”

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Hagatun et al.’s (2018) study, “Internet-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for [Adult] Insomnia and Comorbid Symptoms”

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Tested the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi) on comorbid psychological symptoms and fatigue if the intervention was unguided

HUTi program which is an automated and interactive online program which is meant to be personalized and is based on face-to-face CBTi. There are six weekly modules mostly full of informative text that work through sleep, hygiene, sleep restriction, stimulus control, and cognitive restructuring. The material is then “elaborated and rehearsed through interactive exercises, quizzes, animations, video vignettes, and expert explanations.” Online homework is also assigned.

The participants were at least 18 years old and met the diagnostic criteria for insomnia. They could not work at night, have another sleep disturbance or mental problem/disorder that hurt sleep.

The control condition had the participants work through a patient education website which had information similar to the information received if one were to go to a doctor with concerns about insomnia. Some of this information includes symptoms, potential causes, and suggestions for improved sleep. The main difference between the experimental and control groups is the amount of information given and the therapeutic approach taken. SHUTi is interactive and provides personalized feedback while the control group information is “brief and static.”

Anxiety and depression symptoms were reduced in the SHUTi group, and they had a larger improvement than the control group. The SHUTi group also had larger improvements between their pre- and post-treatment fatigue scores than the control group.

I think that the fact that the intervention was personalized really helped its success. I feel as though people are more likely to take advice that is personalized to them and information that is rehearsed with them, like it was in the interactive modules through quizzes and homework. I also feel as though spending more time with the information and interacting with the material more like the SHUTi group did compared to the control group helped it have more success.

I have personal experience with insomnia as well as cognitive-behavioral therapy interventions which is why I chose to read this article.

SHUTi program: automated, interactive online program meant to personalize the information offered, based on face-to-face CBTi. Six weekly modules mostly full of informative text: sleep, hygiene, sleep restriction, stimulus control, and cognitive restructuring. Material is “elaborated and rehearsed through interactive exercises, quizzes, animations, video vignettes, and expert explanations.” Online homework is also assigned.

Participants: at least 18, met the diagnostic criteria for insomnia, could not work at night, have another sleep disturbance or mental problem/disorder that hurt sleep.

Control condition: patient education website that had information similar to that offered by a doctor about insomnia concerns: symptoms, potential causes, and suggestions for improved sleep. Main difference between groups = amount of information given and the therapeutic approach taken. SHUTi = interactive and provides personalized feedback. Control group = “brief and static.”

Anxiety and depression symptoms reduced in the SHUTi group and larger improvement than the control group. The SHUTi group had larger improvements between their pre- and post-treatment fatigue scores than the control group.

Personalized interventions are great! People are more likely to take advice that is personalized to them and remember rehearsed information.

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Professor Gernsbacher’s lecture video “Internet Addiction” 

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Professor Gernsbacher’s lecture video “Internet Addiction” 

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a.    We talked about the effects of the Internet on learning, memory, attention, perception, education, development, aging, social interaction, personality, emotions, motivation, decision making, judgment, and more.

b.    “When a new thing comes along, [first] people say it’ll never catch on. [Then] When it catches on they say it’s a fad. [Then,] When the fad gains enough traction, they say it’s an addiction.”

c. Only focusing on addiction and the negative effects of the Internet would be like taking a course on weather and only learning about tornadoes or hurricanes. Just like weather is a lot more than those infrequent weather events, the Internet is a lot more than the negative effects everyone seems to talk about.

d. The fact that you hear about Internet addiction and the negative effects of the Internet all the time is very similar to every new trend's pattern of introduction. Fear. Fear of reading novels, talking on the phone, and watching television all used to be a serious issue.

e. While the Internet may enable addictions, it’s a very real possibility that, even if the Internet wasn’t around, the same individuals would be addicted to same things just non-Internet sources. “The Internet is simply the medium, not the addiction.”

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Sezer, Gina, and Norton’s (2017) paper, “Humblebragging: A Distinct – and Ineffective – Self-Presentation Strategy.”

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Sezer, Gina, and Norton’s (2017) paper, “Humblebragging: A Distinct – and Ineffective – Self-Presentation Strategy.”

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both forms of humblebragging—complaint-based or humility-based— are less effective than straightforward bragging, as they reduce liking, perceived competence, and compliance with requests.

Despite being more common, complaint-based humble-brags are less effective than humility-based humblebrags, and are even less effective than simply complaining.

[humble-brag in order to] elicit sympathy and impress others

seen as insincere which is the mediating factor in the reason behind people's disliking of humblebragging more than straight-up bragging or complaining

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Merriam-Webster: to make a seemingly modest, self-critical, or casual statement or reference that is meant to draw attention to one’s admirable or impressive qualities or achievements

Urban Dictionary:
1)  When you, usually consciously, try to get away with bragging about yourself by couching it in a phony show of humility.
2)  Subtly letting others know about how fantastic your life is while undercutting it with a bit of self-effacing humor or “woe is me” gloss.
3)  [A] form of self promotion, often delivered in a terse one or two fragmented sentences on social networking sites. A typical and popular approach is to use a disingenuous complaint about something, a self-deprecating statement or a comment on something completely innocuous, as a vehicle to deliver the real message, which invariably shows the person in a favourable light.

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Thanawala’s (2018) article, “Lawsuit Settled Over Rights to Monkey’s Selfie Photo.”

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Thanawala’s (2018) article, “Lawsuit Settled Over Rights to Monkey’s Selfie Photo.”

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a.    Under the deal, the photographer whose camera was used to take the photos agreed to donate 25 percent of any future revenue from the images to charities dedicated to protecting crested macaques in Indonesia, lawyers for an animal-rights group said.

I mean this is better than nothing.

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Kravet's (2016) article, “Judge Says Monkey Cannot Own Copyright to Famous Selfies.”

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Kravet's (2016) article, “Judge Says Monkey Cannot Own Copyright to Famous Selfies.”

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a.    A federal judge on Wednesday said that a monkey that swiped a British nature photographer’s camera during an Indonesian jungle shoot and snapped selfies cannot own the intellectual property rights to those handful of pictures.

b.    Works “produced by nature, animals, or plants” cannot be granted copyright protection, the US Copyright Office said in 2014.

c.    The judge said… at one point [that] PETA’s argument was a “stretch.”

I also find this really funny.

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Kravet’s (2015) article, “Will the Real Monkey Who Snapped those Famous Selfies Please Stand Up?” 

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Kravet’s (2015) article, “Will the Real Monkey Who Snapped those Famous Selfies Please Stand Up?” 

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a.    “US Constitution and the Copyright Act contemplate copyright protection only for humans.”

b.    “This is a copyright case filed on behalf of a monkey,” Blurb attorney Angela Dunning wrote US District Judge William Orrick III on Friday.

c.    The attorney for Slater, meanwhile, began its Friday court filing (PDF) with a joke. “A monkey, an animal-rights organization, and a primatologist walk into federal court to sue for infringement of the monkey’s claimed copyright. What seems like the setup for a punchline is really happening,” attorney Andrew Dhuey wrote. He added that “monkey see, monkey sue is not good law...”

I actually find this really funny.

d.    PETA wants all of the money from “the sale, licensing, and other commercial uses of the Monkey Selfies, including Defendants’ disgorged profits, be used solely for the benefit of Naruto, his family, and his community, including the preservation of their habitat...”

So basically they want all of the money to go to organizations like them...?

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Who owns the copyright to a monkey’s selfie?

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Who owns the copyright to a monkey’s selfie?

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Bruno & Bertami’s (2013) article, “Self-Portraits: Smartphones Reveal a Side Bias in Non-Artists.”

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Bruno & Bertami’s (2013) article, “Self-Portraits: Smartphones Reveal a Side Bias in Non-Artists.”

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Why do most people take selfies showing a right-side bias? 

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Why do most people take selfies showing a right-side bias? 

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PhotoFeeler’s (2017) blog post, “Do You Look Different in Pictures than in Real Life? Yes, and Here’s How.”

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PhotoFeeler’s (2017) blog post, “Do You Look Different in Pictures than in Real Life? Yes, and Here’s How.”

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#1 Camera distortion warps your proportions

#2 Going from 3D to 2D creates optical illusions

#3 Most pictures are disappointing because your brain is like Photoshop

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Krause’s (2018) article, “The Scientific Reason Why You Look Different In Selfies than IRL.”

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Krause’s (2018) article, “The Scientific Reason Why You Look Different In Selfies than IRL.”

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a.    "the short distance from the camera" when you take a selfie from an arm's length "causes a distortion of the face owing to projection," creating a kind of bizarro funhouse mirror effect that makes you look — well, not like you.

b.    selfies taken just 12 inches from the face can make your nose look up to 30% wider

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Feeney’s (2014) article, “Why Selfies Sometimes Look Weird to Their Subjects.”

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Feeney’s (2014) article, “Why Selfies Sometimes Look Weird to Their Subjects.”

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So now that you know what makes your selfies “ugly” (to you, anyway), how do you make them more attractive? The Internet is full of suggestions: find good lighting, pop against your background, adjust your angles, and try not to make duckface. But when it comes to making sure your face doesn’t look weird, the answer is simple: Take more selfies, Rutledge says.

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Why don’t we think we look like our selfies? 

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Why don’t we think we look like our selfies? 

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Can selfies empower people with disabilities? 

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Can selfies empower people with disabilities? 

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Samuelson’s (2017) article, “Do Selfies Constitute Art? This New Exhibition Says Yes.”

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Samuelson’s (2017) article, “Do Selfies Constitute Art? This New Exhibition Says Yes.”

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"Now smartphone technology has totally revolutionized and people are beginning to use their cameraphone like a camera again. Yes, people will continue to take selfies, but I've noticed that people are increasingly choosing to express themselves by documenting what they find interesting and beautiful from the world around them."

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McIntosh’s (2017) article, “Can Selfies Really Be Art ? London’s Saatchi Gallery Thinks So.”

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McIntosh’s (2017) article, “Can Selfies Really Be Art ? London’s Saatchi Gallery Thinks So.”

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a.    "The selfie generation is becoming the self-expression generation as each of us seeks to explore and share our inner creativity through the one artistic tool to which we all have access: The smartphone."

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Brown’s (2018) article, “Selfie as Art at the Saatchi: From Rembrandt to a Grinning Macaque.”

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Brown’s (2018) article, “Selfie as Art at the Saatchi: From Rembrandt to a Grinning Macaque.”

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“In the 16th century, it was only the artists who had the skills, materials and tools to create self-portraits,” said gallery chief executive Nigel Hurst, who had the idea for the show. “Now we all have that wherewithal through our smartphones.”

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Professor Gernsbacher’s lecture video “On Selfies”

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Professor Gernsbacher’s lecture video “On Selfies”

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1.    age explains zero percent of the variance in number of posted selfies

This surprises me. I feel like I don't see many selfies posted by 80-year-olds.

2.    self-objectification explains less than one percent of the variance in number of posted selfies

3.    machiavellenism explains less than three percent of the variance in number of posted selfies

4.    psychopathy explains less than three percent of the variance in how many selfies they post

This doesn't surprise me. How would that even be related.

5.    narcissism explains less than four percent of the variance in how many selfies people post as does the amount of time that participants spend on social media sites and apps

This surprises me.

6.    the number of other photos men post on social media predicts the number of selfies they post

This doesn't surprise me whatsoever. If you post a lot of pictures, you're likely to post selfies.

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Andy Kroll’s (2018) article, “Cloak and Data: The Real Story Behind Cambridge Analytica’s Rise and Fall.”

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Andy Kroll’s (2018) article, “Cloak and Data: The Real Story Behind Cambridge Analytica’s Rise and Fall.”

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1.    Cambridge Analytica claimed to possess detailed profiles on 230 million American voters based on up to 5,000 data points, everything from where you live to whether you own a car, your shopping habits and voting record, the medications you take, your religious affiliation, and the TV shows you watch. This data is available to anyone with deep pockets.

Isn’t a lot of this information available to anyone with a Facebook profile…?

2.    It promised to couple consumer information with psychological data, harvested from social-media platforms and its own in-house survey research, to group voters by personality type, pegging them as agreeable or neurotic, confrontational or conciliatory, leaders or followers.

3.    [A man] “very low in neuroticism, quite low in openness, and slightly conscientious” would be receptive to gun rights messages

I feel like this is jumping to a lot of conclusions??

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Kris-Stella Trump’s (2018) article, “Four and a Half Reasons Not to Worry that Cambridge Analytica Skewed the 2016 Election.”

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Kris-Stella Trump’s (2018) article, “Four and a Half Reasons Not to Worry that Cambridge Analytica Skewed the 2016 Election.”

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1.    Cambridge Analytica made headlines after whistleblower Christopher Wylie revealed that the company had used data from millions of Facebook profiles to psychologically profile U.S. citizens and target them with political messages, including during the 2016 presidential elections.

2.    The way that the data was collected from Facebook arguably did not allow for informed consent.

Didn’t we learn about Facebook requiring users to agree to have their information shared upon signing up for Facebook?

3.    When Cambridge Analytica took credit for Donald Trump’s 2016 election victory, social scientists mostly responded with eye-rolling and references to “snake oil.”

Four reasons Cambridge Analytica’s claim of psychological manipulation doesn’t pass the social scientist’s smell test:
1. Personality is not a good predictor of political views.

2. Predicting personality is hard.

3. Changing individuals’ choices based on their personality profiles is harder than it sounds.

4. They had stiff competition from other campaigns.

And it’s not clear that Cambridge Analytica could do any of this

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I feel like extraverts tend to be more social which would tend to require more frequent texting and social media use in order to maintain contact with their higher volume of friends.

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I wonder why psychopathy isn't a stronger predictor of cyberbullying.

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This reminds me of what we've already learned... Sadism, Machiavellianism and Psychopathy tend to be characteristics of those more likely to troll.

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So being introverted and un-agreeable lends to more Facebook addiction... Interesting.

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Who uses social media for presidential elections?

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If introverts are more likely to be addicted to the Internet why doesn't it show up in this study as well? They aren't likely to use it for social purposes?

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I wonder if extraversion negatively predicts Facebook addiction because to be low on extraversion means higher introversion personalities which makes sense that introverts would be more likely to be addicted to Facebook.

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Just like with the internet, itself, I feel like anyone can get addicted to Instagram, it doesn't take a special/certain personality type.

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Does this mean males or females are more likely?

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I don't even know what this means... They have to reply right away?

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I feel like anyone could get addicted to the Internet, so this isn't very surprising either.

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I don't know many people that make Wikipedia entries...

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The extraversion predicting number of Facebook friends isn't surprising.

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This, too, doesn't surprise me because all kinds of people use the Internet. Though the "Real Me" does surprise me. Though if I really think about it, those that don't have problems being themselves in real life might cancel out those that do have problems.

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It doesn't surprise me that personality traits don't predict social media use because I feel like all kinds of personalities use social media.

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It's interesting that being sociable is negatively predictive of looking on Twitter for information but positively predictive of looking on Facebook for information.

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I'm surprised that poor self-esteem doesn't have a stronger negative predictive value for avatar attractiveness.

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It also doesn't surprise me that younger people use more social media. Though, it does surprise me that extraversion doesn't predict it more. Though, it also does make sense because there are contradicting theories as to which group would use social media more (Rich-get-richer vs Social Compensation theory) so maybe they cancel each other out.

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Honestly, it doesn't surprise me that younger people have problematic texting use.

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“Proportion of Variance in Internet Use Explained by Personality Traits.”

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“Proportion of Variance in Internet Use Explained by Personality Traits.”

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Jeremy Miles’s (2013) article, “What Does ‘Proportion of Variance Explained’ Mean?“

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Jeremy Miles’s (2013) article, “What Does ‘Proportion of Variance Explained’ Mean?“

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Proportion of variance explained means that of the variance in a set of data, there are variables that can predict some of that variance, and the "proportion" is the amount of variance that a single variable can account for.

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The song from this commercial is Peter Quill's theme song in Guardians of the Galaxy.

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The Season's Best Holiday Ad - Bouygues Christmas (still awesome in 2024)

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Kazimi’s (2014) article, “10 Ways to Help Older People Use the Internet.”

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Kazimi’s (2014) article, “10 Ways to Help Older People Use the Internet.”

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1. Health and physical issues can get in the way of them learning and using technology so easily

2. Basic settings can help, if you can find them

3. Touch screens are easier ...

4. … but these aren’t without their problems

5. Technology uses a strange language

6. The open culture of the Internet can be confusing

7. Personal information online is scary

8. Battery life is a new worry

9. Technology is always changing

10. They don’t want to ask for help

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CNA’s (2014) video, “Speaking Exchange.” 

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CNA’s (2014) video, “Speaking Exchange.” 

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Nudd’s (2014) article, “Perfect Match: Brazilian Kids Learn English by Video Chatting With Lonely Elderly Americans.”

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Nudd’s (2014) article, “Perfect Match: Brazilian Kids Learn English by Video Chatting With Lonely Elderly Americans.”

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British students are working on improving their English by video chatting with residents of a retirement home. The students record their conversations and are, in that way, assessed by their teachers.
Both parties benefit, as the students are able to improve their conversational English and the elderly have meaningful conversations with others, which helps them feel less lonely. Further, both gain lifelong, meaningful relationships with someone they otherwise never would have met.

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GrammarBook.com’s “Affect vs. Effect Quiz 1” 

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GrammarBook.com’s “Affect vs. Effect Quiz 1” 

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Grammar Girl’s (2016) article, “Affect vs. Effect.”

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Grammar Girl’s (2016) article, “Affect vs. Effect.”

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Vocabulary.com’s (no date) article, “Choose Your Words: Affect / Effect.”

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Vocabulary.com’s (no date) article, “Choose Your Words: Affect / Effect.”

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Susan Cain’s (2012) TED talk, “The Power of Introverts.” 

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Susan Cain’s (2012) TED talk, “The Power of Introverts.” 

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In a culture where being social and outgoing are prized above all else, it can be difficult, even shameful, to be an introvert. But, as Susan Cain argues in this passionate talk, introverts bring extraordinary talents and abilities to the world, and should be encouraged and celebrated.

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Maggie Koerth-Baker’s (2018) article, “Most Personality Quizzes Are Junk Science. I Found One That Isn’t.”

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Maggie Koerth-Baker’s (2018) article, “Most Personality Quizzes Are Junk Science. I Found One That Isn’t.”

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1.    The idea behind the Big Five is that everyone’s personality has a little of all five trait groups. What the test does, essentially, is tell you where you fall on the spectrum of each of the clusters.

2.    The Big Five also differs in the way it asks questions. With the Big Five, you get direct statements — I am a person who is outgoing and sociable — and you agree with that, or you disagree.

3.    The Big Five, she told me, has produced results that can be shown to remain largely consistent across a person’s lifespan and that can be used to predict at least some part of a person’s likely academic achievement, dating choices and even future parenting behavior.

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Kendra Cherry’s (no date) About.com article, “The Big Five Personality Dimensions: 5 Major Factors of Personality.”

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Kendra Cherry’s (no date) About.com article, “The Big Five Personality Dimensions: 5 Major Factors of Personality.”

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Extraversion: This trait includes characteristics such as excitability, sociability, talkativeness, assertiveness and high amounts of emotional expressiveness

Agreeableness: This personality dimension includes attributes such as trust, altruism, kindness, affection, and other prosocial behaviors.

Conscientiousness: Common features of this dimension include high levels of thoughtfulness, with good impulse control and goal-directed behaviors. Those high in conscientiousness tend to be organized and mindful of details.

Neuroticism: Individuals high in this trait tend to experience emotional instability, anxiety, moodiness, irritability, and sadness.

Openness: This trait features characteristics such as imagination and insight, and those high in this trait also tend to have a broad range of interests.

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Q. What is the Big Five personality test based on?

A. The Big Five personality test is a comprehensive personality inventory based on decades of psychological research. Psychologists and academic researchers investigating the fundamental traits of personality found repeatedly that people's personality differences naturally sort into five broad dimensions, referred to as the Big Five.

Today, the consensus among the scientific community is that human personality is most accurately described in terms of these Big Five personality traits. The Big Five model of personality is widely considered to be the most scientifically valid way to describe personality differences and is the basis of most current personality research.

Q. What are the Big Five personality traits?

A. The "Big Five" or Five Factors refers to the five major personality dimensions that psychologists have determined are core to our individual makeup. The Big Five personality traits are:

Openness - How open a person is to new ideas and experiences

Conscientiousness - How goal-directed, persistent, and organized a person is

Extraversion - How much a person is energized by the outside world

Agreeableness - How much a person puts others' interests and needs ahead of their own

Neuroticism - How sensitive a person is to stress and negative emotional triggers

Each of the Big Five personality traits is considered to drive a significant aspect of cognition (how we think) and behavior (how we act). Each trait is completely distinct and independent of the other four traits; for instance, a highly Extraverted person is no more or less likely to be highly Conscientious as well.

For an individual, each of the Big Five personality traits is measured along a spectrum, so that one can be high, medium, or low in that particular trait. This makes the Big Five model distinct from many pop psychology systems that classify people in terms of personality "types." In the Big Five framework, rather than being sorted into types, people are described in terms of how they compare with the average across each of the five personality traits.

Q. How long is the Big Five test?

A. The test consists of 60 questions and takes about 5-10 minutes to complete.

Q. What will my Big Five test results look like?

A. You will first see a brief, free report showing the basic findings of your personality test. Then, you have the option of unlocking your full report for a small fee. To see what you can expect from your full report, check out this sample Big Five report.

Q. How can I access my Big Five personality test results?

A. After you take a test, you will have the option to create an account by entering your email address. If you create an account, you can view your test results at any time by returning to Truity.com and logging into your account. We do not email your results to you.

Q. Do I need to complete this personality test all at once?

A. If you've created an account and are logged in when you take the test, your responses will be saved as you go through the test. If you do not log in to a Truity account before starting the test, your progress will not be saved and you will need to complete the test all at once.

Q. Is this personality test really free?

A. You do not need to purchase or register to take this test and view an overview of your results. If you would like, you can purchase a more comprehensive full report for a small fee.

Q. Is this Big Five personality test accurate?

A. This test has been researched extensively to ensure it is valid and reliable. It is based on psychological research into the core of personality and Truity's own psychometric research. Your scores show you how you compare to the other people in a large, international sample for each of the Big Five personality traits. You can learn more in the Big Five Personality Test Technical Documentation.

Q. What does it mean that the Big Five test is clinically reviewed?

A. Truity's Big Five test has been reviewed by a psychologist to ensure that it has been developed according to rigorous standards of reliability and validity. Our clinical reviewer, Dr. Steven Melendy, holds a doctoral degree in clinical psychology and specializes in using evidence-based approaches to work with diverse populations.

Q. Can I have my employees, team or group take the Big Five test?

A. Absolutely. Our Truity @ Work platform is designed to make it easy to give the Big Five personality test to your team or group. See discounted group pricing and learn how to quickly and easily set up testing for your group on the Testing for Business page.

Q. What is the difference between Big Five, Five Factor, and the OCEAN model of personality?

A. Big Five, Five Factor, and OCEAN are all ways of describing the same theory of personality. Multiple psychological studies have arrived at the conclusion that the differences between people's personalities can be organized into five broad categories, called the Big Five or Five Factors. These are sometimes referred to as the five broad dimensions of personality.

Q. Are you going to sell my data?

A. . We do not sell your email or other data to any third parties, and we have a zero-spam policy. We carefully comply with applicable privacy laws in handling your personal information. You can read more in our privacy policy.

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Explore your personality with the highly respected Five Factor model (AKA the Big Five). You'll see how you stack up on 5 major dimensions of personality: Openness, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Extraversion, and Neuroticism. The Big Five model of personality is widely considered to be the most robust way to describe personality differences.

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Search the world's information, including webpages, images, videos and more. Google has many special features to help you find exactly what you're looking for.

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Pew Research’s (2017) report, “Older Adults: Barriers to Adoption and Attitudes Towards Technology.”

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Pew Research’s (2017) report, “Older Adults: Barriers to Adoption and Attitudes Towards Technology.”

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1.    Barriers:

a.    many are simply not confident in their own ability to learn about and properly use electronic devices

b.    older groups (65+ years) make up a larger share of those who are described as “digitally unprepared.”

c.    seniors are also more likely than those in other age groups to say they need others to show them how to use new devices

d.    face physical challenges that might make it difficult to use or manipulate devices

e.    seniors who report that they have a disability are less likely than those who do not to utilize a variety of digital assets – from the internet in general, to devices such as smartphones or tablet computers

2.    Positive attitudes

a.    Once online, most seniors make the internet a standard part of their daily routine.

b.    a relatively small share of older adults use social media – but those who use these platforms tend to be highly active and engaged.

c.    many seniors are taking part in video games

d.    there are a number of areas in which seniors hold relatively positive views of technology and technology-related topics…Although older adults are less inclined than other age groups to say they like trying new technology, some seniors do show a strong preference for early tech adoption

e.    Seniors also place a high value on the importance of home broadband service

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Xavier et al. (2014) “English Longitudinal Study of Aging: Can Internet/E-mail Use Reduce Cognitive Decline?”

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Xavier et al. (2014) “English Longitudinal Study of Aging: Can Internet/E-mail Use Reduce Cognitive Decline?”

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a.    Cognitive decline is a major risk factor for disability, dementia, and death. The use of Internet/E-mail, also known as digital literacy, might decrease dementia incidence among the older population…Higher education, no functional impairment, fewer depressive symptoms, no diabetes, and Internet/E-mail use predicted better performance in delayed recall… Digital literacy may help reduce cognitive decline among persons aged between 50 and 89 years.

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Xavier et al. (2013) “Internet Use and Cancer-Preventive Behaviors in Older Adults: Findings from a Longitudinal Cohort Study”

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Xavier et al. (2013) “Internet Use and Cancer-Preventive Behaviors in Older Adults: Findings from a Longitudinal Cohort Study”

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a.    Internet use was higher in younger, male, White, wealthier, more educated respondents, and those without physical limitations.

This reminds me of the Digital Divide. It's interesting though that children of low SES households use the Internet more.

b.    Internet use showed a quantitative association with cancer-preventive behaviors even after controlling for various social, cognitive, and physical correlates of Internet use….

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Minagawa and Saito (2014) “An Analysis of the Impact of Cell Phone Use on Depressive Symptoms among Japanese Elders”

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Minagawa and Saito (2014) “An Analysis of the Impact of Cell Phone Use on Depressive Symptoms among Japanese Elders”

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a.    Although the use of cell phones was related to lower levels of depressive symptoms among elderly Japanese people, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and physical health conditions wiped out the effects for men. In contrast, the protective effects of using cell phones persisted among women, even net of all controls…cell phone use influences the mental health of older women independently of social engagement.

b.    …cell phones appear to be an important contributor to the psychological well-being of Japanese elders. Researchers and policy makers should prioritize access to new technologies for older adults.

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Kobayashi et al. (2014) “Internet Use, Social Engagement and Health Literacy Decline During Ageing in a Longitudinal Cohort of Older English Adults”

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Kobayashi et al. (2014) “Internet Use, Social Engagement and Health Literacy Decline During Ageing in a Longitudinal Cohort of Older English Adults”

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a.    Internet use and social engagement, particularly in cultural activities (eg, attending the cinema, art galleries, museums and the theatre), may help older adults to maintain health literacy during ageing. Support for older adults to maintain socially engaged lives and to access the internet should help promote the maintenance of functional literacy skills during ageing.

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Jinmoo et al. (2015) “Internet Use and Well-Being in Older Adults”

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Jinmoo et al. (2015) “Internet Use and Well-Being in Older Adults”

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a.    The purpose of the study was to develop an integrative research model in order to determine the nature of the relationships among Internet use, loneliness, social support, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being…higher levels of Internet use were significant predictors of higher levels of social support, reduced loneliness, and better life satisfaction and psychological well-being among older adults.

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Erickson and Johnson (2011) “Internet Use and Psychological Wellness During Late Adulthood”

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Erickson and Johnson (2011) “Internet Use and Psychological Wellness During Late Adulthood”

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a.    An aging population is best served by social, personal, and health support focused on maintaining and maximizing personal independence. The Internet affords numerous opportunities for individuals of all ages to communicate, access information, and engage in recreational activities.

b.    Internet use and self-efficacy remained significantly related. Among the sample of older adults, individuals who used the Internet more had higher perceptions of self-efficacy than those who used the Internet rarely or not at all.

Aw I like this. Being tech-savvy helps them feel like they’re capable.

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 Elliot et al. (2014) “Predictors of Older Adults’ Technology Use and Its Relationship to Depressive Symptoms and Well-being”

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 Elliot et al. (2014) “Predictors of Older Adults’ Technology Use and Its Relationship to Depressive Symptoms and Well-being”

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a.    The more frequently older adults used informational and communicational technologies, the better their executive function, the better their self-rated health, the lower their occurrence of chronic disease, the better their social integration, and the higher their well-being

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d’Orsi et al. (2014) “Socioeconomic and Lifestyle Factors Related to Instrumental Activity of Daily Living Dynamics: Results from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing”

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d’Orsi et al. (2014) “Socioeconomic and Lifestyle Factors Related to Instrumental Activity of Daily Living Dynamics: Results from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing”

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Those with higher socioeconomic position, better quality of life, vigorous physical activity, paid work, digital literacy (use of Internet or e-mail), and cultural leisure activities had significantly lower risk of IADL impairment.

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Czaja et al. (2017) “Improving Social Support for Older Adults through Technology: Findings from the PRISM Randomized Controlled Trial”

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Czaja et al. (2017) “Improving Social Support for Older Adults through Technology: Findings from the PRISM Randomized Controlled Trial”

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a.    Personal Reminder Information and Social Management (PRISM) system

b.    PRISM was compared to a Binder condition wherein participants received a notebook that contained paper content similar to that contained in PRISM

c.    Primary outcome measures included indices of social isolation, social support, loneliness, and wellbeing. Secondary outcome measures included indices of computer proficiency and attitudes toward technology

d.    The PRISM group reported significantly less loneliness and increased perceived social support and well-being at 6 months…Group differences were not maintained at 12 months, but those in the PRISM condition still showed improvements from baseline. There was also an increase in computer self-efficacy, proficiency, and comfort with computers for PRISM participants at 6 and 12 months.

e.    The findings suggest that access to technology applications such as PRISM may enhance social connectivity and reduce loneliness among older adults and has the potential to change attitudes toward technology and increase technology self-efficacy.

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Samuel’s (2015) article, “Parents: Reject Technology Shame.”

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Samuel’s (2015) article, “Parents: Reject Technology Shame.”

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"limiters… children of limiters who are most likely to engage in problematic behavior: They’re twice as likely as the children of mentors to access porn, or to post rude or hostile comments online; they’re also three times as likely to go online and impersonate a classmate, peer, or adult."

"It’s not our job as parents to put away the phones. It’s our job to take out the phones, and teach our kids how to use them."

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Samuel’s (2015) article, “Parents: Reject Technology Shame.”

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Samuel’s (2015) article, “Parents: Reject Technology Shame.”

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"mentors… talk with their kids about how to use technology or the Internet responsibly, more likely to research specific devices or programs for their kids, most likely to connect with their kids through technology, rather than in spite of it"