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Digital literacy refers to an individual's ability to find, evaluate, and compose clear information through writing and other mediums on various digital platforms. Digital literacy is evaluated by an individual's grammar, composition, typing skills and ability to produce writings, images, audio and designs using technology. While digital literacy initially focused on digital skills and stand-alone computers, the advent of the Internet and use of social media, has caused some of its focus to shift to mobile devices. Digital literacy does not replace traditional forms of literacy, instead building upon the skills that form the foundation of traditional forms of literacy.

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Digital Literacy – What is digital literacy?

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Schools are continuously updating their curricula to keep up with accelerating technological developments. This often includes computers in the classroom, the use of educational software to teach curricula, and course materials being made available to students online. Students are often taught literacy skills such as how to verify credible sources online, cite web sites, and prevent plagiarism. Google and Wikipedia are frequently used by students "for everyday life research," and are just two common tools that facilitate modern education. Digital technology has impacted the way material is taught in the classroom. With the use of technology rising over the past decade, educators are altering traditional forms of teaching to include course material on concepts related to digital literacy. Several websites are assisting in these efforts such as Google Docs, Prezi, and, Easybib. Each service has assisted students by teaching collaboration, allowing students to use pre-made, creative presentation templates, and helping generate citations in any given format. Additionally, educators have also turned to social media platforms to communicate and share ideas with one another. New standards have been put into place as digital technology has augmented classrooms, with many classrooms being designed to use smartboards and audience response systems in replacement of traditional chalkboards or whiteboards. “The development of Teacher’s Digital Competence (TDC) should start in initial teacher training, and continue throughout the following years of practice. All this with the purpose of using Digital Technologies (DT) to improve teaching and professional development.”

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There are 7 key components of digital literacy.

1.) Critical thinking: it is about being able to think for yourself. Students firstly analyse and evaluate information and arguments. Next, they see patterns and connections. After that, they identify and build meaningful information. They then need to apply it to a real-world context and be able to put it in their own words.

2.) Online safety skills: it means that you have the knowledge to identify the potential risks and are conscious of your personal security while browsing, sharing or surfing the internet.

3.) Digital culture: Digital culture is the Internet, transhumanism, AI, cyber ethics, security, privacy, and policy. It is hacking, social engineering, and modern psychology. (Digital Culturist, 2015)

4.) Collaboration and creativity: Technology is a key tool to promote and enhance collaboration skills. Learning to work with others is a life skill that will stand to every student in the future. Technology makes collaboration and teamwork easy.

5.) Finding information: Students need to know how to search accurately and then to evaluate the information they find, our critical thinking guide will help you develop these skills.

6.) Communication and netiquette: Often children know how to use newer forms of communication intuitively but we can still provide guidance on how they can communicate, both effectively and safely online. And, Netiquette is “the rules of correct or polite behaviour among people using the Internet” (Oxford Learner’s Dictionary)

7.) Functional skills: To develop digital literacy skills we must encourage students to work creatively, collaboratively and critically.

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Why is it important to teach DL skills to our students?

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Why is it important to teach DL skills to our students?

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Most schools now have BYOD (bring your own device) policies. So the need for digital literacy has become increasingly important. No longer is technology use limited to the home, but has quickly morphed into an always-connected mindset.

1.) Making digital footprints is easy.
With every post to Instagram, every Tweet and every blog post, kids are leaving behind a digital footprint. The only way to make sure they are leaving good footprints and not ones they will regret later is by teaching them how to use social media and other online platforms to create a positive online reputation.

2.) Curating content is an important life skill.
One of the most important aspects of digital literacy is the ability to curate content. Every article, photo, and video that they post, share, or comment on says something about who they are. Be sure they learn how to manage and curate content. Additionally, kids need to be able to distinguish between quality content and questionable content.

3.) Knowing the full potential of technology breeds success.
Knowing how to explore technology and experiment with what it can do makes it easier to embrace the next piece of technology that they come in touch with. In the end, technology becomes something fun to learn about and not something frustrating because it is new or unfamiliar.

4.) Technology is not going away.
There are some parents that think the best way to deal with the influx of technology is to prohibit their kids from using it. But that isn't the real world and it is not helpful to your child. The best time to teach your child how to use technology, especially social media and other online platforms, is while they are still under your roof and you can guide them as they learn the ins and the outs.

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What is the role of English langauge teachers in teaching DL skills?

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What is the role of English langauge teachers in teaching DL skills?

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Digital literacies in language instruction are so important, in this digital age their collaboration is very necessary to make a good educated, digital skilled and literate youth for living in the Social-Digi environment. It is a duty of language instructor to solve out all problems of his/her students to survive, competent, better communicators online.

As a language instructor, he/she has so many liabilities on their shoulders make a competent generation of this tech time. It makes sense to assume that the more digitally literate our teachers are, the more they’ll employ these skills in the classroom, which will in turn foster a strong sense of digital citizenship in our students. (Levy, 2018). Digital literacies are integrated with each other; they cannot have been thought separately. (Webber, 2017).

Due to globalization in digital literacies and education many students came from a different nation and speak different languages, they may face problems in getting instruction from his/her instructor whatever he/she is language teacher or not. So, the instructors or teachers can modify their language abilities with digital sources to be better in communicating and teaching to his/her learners.

This is essential for the language teacher to have some kind of digital skill. This can help her/him out to move forward in this binary time and grow. Teachers may improve their skills, update their knowledge day by day and inspire the students of language learners too.

There is no argument in training the students for skills that, will be obsolete by the time when they start working or participating in online communities and activities. It is key for the teachers, that we are future-focused and helping students in the preparation of this ever-changing digital society. (Roslaniec, 2018).

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How can we teach DL skills in the classroom?

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How can we teach DL skills in the classroom?

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1.) For critical thinking;
Teaching them to ask questions and to remain sceptical will help them to navigate the wealth of information that is available to them online.
(Who, what, where, when, why, how)

2.) For online safety skills;
Teachers need to talk to students about keeping personal information safe, being always kind online, and not downloading unknown files.

3.) For digital culture;
Today's generation uses technology more immersively to create online communities and to shape their identities. Teachers need to talk to students and give information about online rights. At the end, teachers will raise students' awareness about usage of the digital media more carefully.

4.) Collaboration and creativity;
By using online collaboration tools your students are able to negotiate content between each other and work together on including visual elements to enhance the overall look and feel of their project/ presentation. So, teachers can assign teams and assign their digital projects so that they can work together and create a content while communicating.

5.) Finding information;
Teachers can ask their students to do web search in a more effective way by following some steps for example; brainstorming before search, trying several search engines, looking at more than one web pages, verifying the information they see, finding primary sources such as newspapers etc. If students follow these steps, they will certainly find the reliable information.

6.) Communication and Netiquette;
Teachers need to inform their students about safe online communication. There are some important rules such as not giving away information, not sharing too much personal photos, being mindful of others' feelings etc.

7.) Functional Skills;
Teachers should encourage students to work creatively, collaboratively and critically.
In order to do that, teachers can talk to students about plagiarism, go to local libraries to use technology, and allow students to figure out the application or programme you use for teaching.

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*https://www.wikizeroo.org/index.php?q=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvRGlnaXRhbF9saXRlcmFjeSNJbl9lZHVjYXRpb24

*https://www.verywellfamily.com/why-digital-literacy-skills-are-important-4106612

*https://learncybers.com/digital-literacies-for-the-learners-and-teachers/#1_New_Needs_of_language_learners

*https://www.webwise.ie/teachers/digital_literacy/

*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_LElWqXi7Ag