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Ruling involving freedom of speech, court deeming the swastika was not protected by the first amendment. They could march but not with the display of the symbol

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a false and unprivileged statement of fact that is harmful to someone's reputation

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S: The action or crime of making a false spoken statement in hopes of damaging their reputation
L: A published/written (false) statement in hopes of damaging ones reputation

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Granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. and guaranteed all citizens "equal protection of the laws"

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Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted

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In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law

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Speech directed at the overthrow of government

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In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed

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Ruling said that the wartime internment of American citizens of Japanese descent was constitutional

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No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury unless involving militia or the land

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Segregation that occurs by fact rather than legally imposed requirements

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Right of people to be secure in their persons, homes, papers, and effects. Unreasonable searches and seizures are not allowed

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Militia necessary to the security to the free state, and the right of the people to keep and bare arms can not be infringed

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Congress may not create a law respecting the establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free practice or abridging the freedom of speech or the press. Also allows the people to peacefully assemble and petition the gov. for a redress of grievances

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Ruling that the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1968 was unconstitutional. (the act allowed religious schools to give money to teachers even if they are not allowed to teach religion)

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Censorship by either the government or institution that prohibits the expression that is libelous or harmful

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This clause protects individuals from government interference with their practice of faith. Gov. cannot target laws at specific places of religious practice

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A court must determine whether a law is rationally related to a legitimate government interest. If 'yes' than the law is constitutional and can be applied

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Ruling that says states are required to provide an attorney in criminal defense cases who are unable to afford their own

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Case ruling that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine

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An enslaved African American who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom

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Case ruling that protects a women's right to choosing if she wants an abortion without government restriction

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Labor law that outlawed discrimination based on race, sex, color, religion, or national origin. Also prohibits unequal application in voting registration, racial segregation in schools, employment, and public services

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Name of racial caste system, more of a series of anti-black laws. Enforced racial segregation in the south

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Practice of favoring individuals belonging in groups who have previously been discriminated against

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A test which assess the ability to read and write,  restricting the number of immigrants when voting

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Ruling that evidence acquired which violated the 14th amendment, which prohibits 'unreasonable searches and seizures,' is inadmissible in state courts

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The idea that the government is now allowed to deny people of equal protection of its governing laws

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Ruling where detained suspected criminals have a right to be informed about their constitutional rights to an attorney and against-self incrimination

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Supreme court case where segregation was abolished in the system of public schools and education

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Court case which ruling says that it is unconstitutional for prayer to be held in public schools or encouraged its recitation

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Saying that the Bill of Rights are able to be applicable to the states through the Due Process of the 14th Amendment

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Actions that contain a particular message to send to those who are viewing

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University of California v. Bakke, ruling says that race can be one of several factors that lead to the admission in college

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Police authorities having a reason to obtain a warrant for the arrest of a suspected criminal or a search warrant

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A legal segregation of groups of people based on laws

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Characteristic used in applying laws, which a court will review subject to a strict scrutiny standard

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Communication of ideas through both language and action

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Preventing someone for being prosecuted twice for the same offense

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Fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially in a citizens entitlement

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First Amendment of US Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress

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A law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial