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The first British attempt to raise income by taxing all colonial commercial and legal papers, newspapers, pamphlets, cards, almanacs, and dice. The terrible impact of Pontiac's War (1763–64) on colonial frontier settlements resulted in massive new defense costs.

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The episode was the climax of escalating instability in Boston, which had been provoked by colonists' opposition to a succession of British Parliament measures. An act that produced income by imposing charges on lead, glass, paper, paint, and tea was particularly controversial. A crowd assaulted eight British soldiers in the streets of the city on March 5, 1770. The troops fired their armaments in response to the mob's insults and threats, killing five colonists. The events contributed to the British regime's unpopularity throughout much of colonial North America, paving the way for the American Revolution.

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The Boston Tea Party was a political demonstration. Frustrated and angry by Britain's "taxation without representation," American colonists threw 342 chests of tea brought by the British East India Company into the ocean. The event was the colonists' first major act of rebellion against British rule. It demonstrated to Great Britain that Americans would not accept taxation and injustice without a struggle, and it united patriots across the 13 colonies to fight for independence.

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Parliament was determined to reestablish its power in America and passed four measures known as the Coercive Acts in Britain but called the Intolerable Acts by colonies. The actions targeted Boston and Massachusetts in particular since it had been the epicenter of resistance. The four acts were: (1) the Boston Port Bill, which closed Boston Harbor; (2) the Massachusetts Government Act, which replaced elective local government with authoritative government and increased the powers of the military governor; (3) the Administration of Justice Act, which allowed British officials charged with capital offenses to be tried in another colony or in England; and (4) the Quartering Act, which allowed unoccupied properties to be commandeered and used to shelter British troops.

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British forces went into Concord, Massachusetts, on April 18, 1775, to capture a weapons stash. The alarm was raised by Paul Revere and other horsemen, and colonial militiamen were sent to intercept them. Many more wars followed, ending in the colonists' formal declaration of independence in 1783.

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At the Battle of Bunker Hill in Massachusetts, the British defeated the Americans. Despite their defeat, the inexperienced colonial soldiers were able to impose significant deaths on the British, giving them a boost of confidence throughout the Siege of Boston (April 1775-March 1776). Although it is known as the Battle of Bunker Hill, the majority of the combat took place on adjacent Breed's Hill. Some 1,000 colonial militiamen built earthen fortifications on top of Breed's Hill, overlooking Boston and located on the Charleston Peninsula. The men originally had been ordered to construct their fortifications atop Bunker Hill but chose another hill closer to Boston.

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Common Sense questioned the British government's and monarchy's power. Paine's simple language attracted to the common people of America, and it was the first text to publicly call for America's independence from the United Kingdom.

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On July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress passed a declaration that announced the separation of 13 British colonies in North America from Great Britain. It detailed why the Congress had resolved on July 2 that "these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be Free and Independent States" by the votes of 12 colonies (with New York abstaining). As a result, although the 4th of July, the day on which the Declaration of Independence was adopted, has traditionally been observed in the United States as the big national holiday—the Fourth of July, or Independence Day—the day on which ultimate independence was officially voted was July 2.

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1777 - Victory at Saratoga for the Colonies

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1777 - Victory at Saratoga for the Colonies

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During the second year of the Revolutionary War in the United States of America. It was a major win for the Continental Army and a significant turning point in the Revolutionary War, with two critical battles fought eighteen days apart. On September 19, the opposite troops met on the abandoned property of Loyalist John Freeman near Saratoga, New York. The intense battle, known as the Battle of Freeman's Farm or the First Battle of Saratoga, lasted many hours.
Power shifted numerous times, but neither side made significant gains until Burgoyne ordered his column of German troops to assist the weak British position, forcing the Americans to retire. Despite this, the British suffered twice as many losses as the Americans and were unable to continue their journey to Albany.

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The Continental Army's six-month encampment at Valley Forge in the winter of 1777-1778 was a critical turning point in the American Revolutionary War. While the winter camp was extremely cold and harsh, and provisions were limited, it was here that George Washington proved his tenacity, transforming a battered Continental Army into a unified, world-class fighting force capable of defeating the British with the help of former Prussian military officer Friedrich Wilhelm Baron von Steuben.

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At the Battle of King's Mountain during the American Revolution, Patriot irregulars led by Colonel William Campbell defeat Tories led by Major Patrick Ferguson. Multiple times, Patriots attacked the hillside, showing deadly accuracy against the encircled Loyalists. Ferguson launched a suicidal charge down the mountain before being killed by a shower of gunshots. The Conservatives lost 157 men, 163 were wounded, and 698 were taken prisoner.

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The Battle of Cowpens was fought on a 500 square yard pasture field at Thicketty Creek, South Carolina, on January 17, 1781. It began shortly after dawn on a very cold morning and ended in a heavy loss for the British troops, putting an end to the Crown's brief run of victories in the southern colonies. Cowpens, a turning point in the war's southern campaign, gave the Continental Army a major morale boost and was a key step in securing the South for the American patriots.

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On October 19, 1781, British General Charles Cornwallis surrendered his troops in Yorktown, Virginia, marking the end of the American Revolutionary War. General Cornwallis arrived in Yorktown with 8,000 British forces. They expected British ships sent from New York to assist them. The British ships were never seen again. General George Washington and the Continental army were lucky in this sense. The thirteen colonies realized they had a chance to defeat the world's most powerful empire.

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On September 3, 1783, officials from the United States, the United Kingdom, Spain, and France sign the Treaty of Paris, officially ending the American Revolution. The signing formally recognized the independence of Britain's 13 former American colonies, and the new republic's limits were decided upon: Florida north of the Great Lakes and the Atlantic coast west of the Mississippi River.