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1. Marx believed that revolution is fundamental and inevitable to the progress of human society. He also mentions proletarian emancipation in his book. This was in line with the social situation of the time and became the cause of the revolution. Thus, under Marx's idea of capitalism, it leads to social inequality, division of classes, class conflict and failure to materialise

2.With the development of production, the gap between the rich and the poor is also increasing. The reproduction of labor is hampered. This led to class differentiation and increased class contradictions.

Marx argues that Capitalism carries the seeds of its own destruction as bourgeoisie is constantly creating more powerful forces of production thanks to technological advancements- which leads to increasing concentration of wealth in the hand of the few.

and also in pursuit of profit, capitalist would encourage their ideology that work is good, leisure is bad. Material things make us happy which leads to mass production. It will also reduce the job satisfaction from workers when there's exploiting and division of working class

3. society with communism that citizens share and spread wealth equality. There will not be social inequality with different classes and unequal shares of power. Also, the economic system would be under communal ownership and a more humane society would emerge

Marx's ideal society was a communist society. The main point of departure of communism is to eliminate class division and class struggle. So it can be summed up as a society without class differentiation and struggle. At least in terms of status, there will not be a big gap. Society is very biased towards balance and fairness.

4. no the rich getting richer and the poor stay poor
lead to boom and bust of economic
globaliosation dominance oof firms like apple,samsung

5. yes there will still be social inequality and economic downturn under communism

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1.In pursuit of profit, capitalists will encourage their ideology and material mass production and depriving workers of job satisfaction and exploiting the working class.

2.Capitalism encourage people to think work is good and leisure is bad. It also encourages materialism. It will also affect people's job satisfaction. Also, the working class will be exploited and deprived. Bourgeoisie enjoys all the benefits while proletariat is exploited.

3.Marx saw communism as the ideal society because  the capitalists would encourage their ideology that work is good leisure is bad, it also exploiting the working class to have mass production, the capitalism would lead to rich getting richer and the poor staying poor.

4. It did become a social movement, but the utopian ideal of a fair society failed, as communism tyrannized and impoverished its subjects, and they ended up being slaughtered.

5. No, his idea is no longer relevant because the economy at that time relies heavily on expensive machines ,bourgeoisie was able to exploit the working class through the means of production. However, today's means of production can be anything. It can be instagram , facebook or youtube. Anybody can have access to it. Marx's thinking of bourgeoisie controlling the means of production and monopolize the economy is irrelevant.

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1.  Marx believed that Revolution was both fundamentally essential and inevitable to the progress of human society. He anticipated that eventually, the workers of the world would realise they ‘have nothing to lose but their chains’ and revolt against the industrialists and capitalists who covertly controlled their lives.

Q2.  1. In the distribution of means of production, capitalism occupies the vast majority and almost reaches monopoly. 2. With the emergence of employment relationship, many people need to sell their labor force in exchange for survival. 3. The economic contradiction cannot be solved, and the gap between the rich and the poor is too large. These have led to the growth of exploiters to a certain extent.

3.Marx saw communism as the ideal society because it is "the genuine resolution of the conflict between man and man- the true resolution of the strife between existence and essence or between freedom and necessity" that capitalism fosters. Marx was also committed to the notion that theory and action go hand in hand.

4. Communism states in general have failed in creating an equal society. One of the reasons is that the centrally planned economy didn’t work as effectively and efficiently as the free market system did. As a result, widespread poverty were common in communist states, and the economy crumpled. Another reason behind its failure is its tyrannical governance, which led to the persecution and deaths of millions. For example, it is estimated that at least 1.2 to 1.7 million people died in the Gulag, the soviet labour camp that was used to detain political prisoners and offenders, during 1918 to 1956.

5. I personally contend that the relevance of Marx’s theory is still significant in today’s world. Although the alternative that Marx proposed to replace capitalism did not work out well, as the video has pointed out, Marx has still successfully predicted numerous problems and phenomenons that would inevitably arise under capitalism: social equality, globalisation, an unstable global economy and monopolisation. Despite all the benefits or capabilities that Marx has failed to observe of capitalism, Marx’s insights into the many failings and issues associated with capitalism only become ever more important and relevant in an age like this.

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Group 2 Activity 2 (Ruby, MeiYi, XinYao, XiuYu, YuZou)

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Group 2 Activity 2 (Ruby, MeiYi, XinYao, XiuYu, YuZou)

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1) At that time, the gap between the rich and the poor was large, and the capitalists would exploit the working class, but most of the people were working class. In order to combat this, Marx argued that we should abolish the wealth system and spread it more equally.

2) Capitalism promoted the idea that work is good, leisure is bad and material things will make us happy. It embraces mass production and deprives workers of work satisfaction while exploiting the working class, this caused the rich to remain rich and the poor to remain poor, allowing no room for equal footing.

3) Marx believed that communism is the ideal society as he argued that wealth should be spread out and distributed, the property should be owned by everyone, and education is free for all.

4) No, because of the utopian ideal of a fair and equal society, communism terrorised and pulverised its people and slaughtered them in tens of millions.

5) Yes because there is still a huge gap between the rich and the poor in the world right now, which should be remedied in any way possible but at the same time, No because while his ideas should be studied and considered, pure communism so far has not proven successful by any attempt and from some perspectives, it is truly right for people to receive equally as everyone else despite putting half the work? Who and what could possibly regulate that everyone is contributing the same amount.

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1. The capitalist class who own most of society's wealth and means of production is called Bourgeoisie. The social class of wage-earners are called proletariat.

2.For Marx, and especially in capitalism, domination came from control of the economy or material factors.

3.Unlike other economic system, Capitalism is an economic system in which the government allows their citizens to control the economy, rather than the government. Government should have no influence in the economy under capitalism. Individuals with capital can control their own future.

Capitalism has two main elements, capital and wage labour.

The relations between the two main classes are characterised by conflict instead of functional collaboration. Within the economic system, both classes rely on each other, but their dependency is unbalanced. Workers have little to nearly no control over their working conditions and labour.

4.Social form: namely primitive society, slave society, feudal society, capitalist society, communist society.
Social form refers to the unity of economic base and superstructure that is compatible with a certain stage of productivity development
In every social form, there is a dominant relationship of production that defines the main characteristics of the economic basis of the society.

Marx's theory is absorbing all the excellent achievements in the development of human though and culture for thousands of years, especially in critically inheriting and absorbing the excellent achievements created in the 19th century.

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Who are the bourgeoisie and who are the proletariat?

The bourgeoisie is the people who control the means of production in a capitalist society; the proletariat is the members of the working class.

What is the main source of power and social status according to Marx?

In the concept of capitalism, the class which owned the means of production and property formed the basis of wealth. Thus, domination came from control of the economy and assets.

In which ways the capitalist economic system is different from all its predecessors? Include debates on class conflict and alienation.

Capitalism is deemed different from the other stages involving the division of classes because it originates from individual initiatives and favours market mechanisms over government intervention.

Governments play a minimal role in deciding what to produce, how much to produce, and when to produce it, leaving the cost of goods and services to market forces.

In capitalism, alienation developed further in the Proletariat as a result of the upper class having complete dominance over the lower classes’ labour, depriving them of the well-rounded variety of powers and activities that they need to be full human beings.

According to Marx, Capitalism is an economic system in which relations between the two main classes are characterised by conflict and not functional collaboration. Although they depend on each other. Workers have little or no control over their labour and working conditions

Describe and analyse Marx’s theory of the stages of development in human societies.

Marx's theory is a scientific theory that the proletariat strives for its liberation and the liberation of mankind as a whole.

the tribal form. Tribal society has no social classes but is structured around kinship relations, with hunting the province of men and domestic work the province of women.

primitive communism: "the ancient communal and State ownership which proceeds especially from the union of several tribes into a city by agreement or by conquest"

feudal or estate property: "Like tribal and communal ownership, it is based again on a community; but the directly producing class standing over against it is not, as in the case of the ancient community, the slaves, but the enserfed small peasantry"

capitalism: because of the eventual growth of commerce (and of human populations), feudal society began to accumulate capital, which, along with the increased debt incurred by the aristocracy, eventually led to the English Revolution of 1640 and the French Revolution of 1789, both of which opened the way for the establishment of a society structured around commodities and profit (i.e. capitalism).

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1.In Marx’s terminology the capitalist class who own most of society's wealth and means of production is called Bourgeoisie while the social class of wage-earners are called Proletariat.

2.The main source of power and social status according to Marx:economic infrastructure and those who own the modes of production

3.Capitalists developed from the feudal and mercantilist systems that preceded Europe. It greatly expanded the large-scale supply of industrialized and mass-market consumer goods. Capitalism, on the other hand, is based on individual initiative and favors market mechanisms rather than government intervention. Socialism is based on government planning and restrictions on private control of resources. Pure capitalism has five characteristics: Private ownership, free enterprise, competition, freedom of choice, and the possibility of profits.

4.Capitalism causes class division and does not bring about social harmony. So Marx believed that a more equitable, benevolent society was needed. Socialism will be more in line with the needs of society. He believed that in the end socialism would destroy capitalism. And it will be balanced.

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1.bourgeoisie: the capitalist class who own most of society's wealth and means of production
proletariat: social class of wage-earners like member of the working class

2.  The main source of power and social status came from control of the economy or material factors the dominant class was the class which was able to own, or at least control, the means of production or property which formed the basis for wealth.

3. capitalist economic system has two main elements: capital and wage labour.

capital: assets, things that can be used to make money such as factories and machines

wage labour : workers who seek for employment

class conflict- social inequality where the society have conflict and do not have functional collaboration  alienation - workers continue to have high workload without any rights or freedom and they just wanna seek for survival, turns out to lose control

4.primitive communism: is a way of describing the gift economies of hunter-gatherers throughout history, where resources and property hunted and gathered are shared with all members of a group in accordance with individual needs. No class, no conflicts

Slavery:condition in which one human being was owned by another. A slave was considered by law as property, and was deprived of most of the rights ordinarily held by free persons. The oppressing classes are slave owners and slaves

feudalism: he power of the ruling class (the aristocracy) in their control of arable land, leading to a class society based upon the exploitation of the peasants who farm these lands, typically under serfdom and principally by means of labour, produce and money rents.The oppressing classes are landowners owners and serfs

capitalism: It is “a system of production that contrasts radically with all previous economic systems”, which has two main elements: capital and wage labour.In Marx’s terminology the capitalist class who own most of society's wealth and means of production is called Bourgeoisie while the social class of wage-earners are called proletariat.The accumulation of capital goes hand in hand with minimum wage.

socialism: an economic transition. In this transition, the sole criterion for production is use-value (i.e. direct satisfaction of human needs, or economic demands), therefore the law of value no longer directs economic activity.The oppressing classes are stage manager and workers

communism: a theory or system of social organization in which all property is owned by the community and each person contributes and receives according to their ability and needs. There is no class