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A referendum is a procedure by which a proposal legislative measure can be submitted to a vote of the people. The referendum gave citizens the power to make laws (pg.1007).

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An initiative is a bill organized by the people rather than lawmakers on the ballot. Then voters, instead of legislature, accepted or rejected the initiative by referendum.

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It aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American Life. Reformers all had a similar idea that supported these goals of protecting social welfare, promoting moral improvement, creating economic reform, and fostering efficiency (pg.1000).

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Journalists who rote about the corrupt side of business and public life in mass circulation magazines during the early 20th century. Big businesses often received favorable treatment from government officials and politicians and could use its economic power to limit competition (pg. 1002).

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Dictated strict cleanliness requirements for meat packets and created the program of federal meat inspection that was in use until it was replaced by more sophisticated techniques in the 1990s (pg.1026). The compromise granted meatpackers the right to appeal negatives decisions in court (pg.1027).

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Halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling. Although the act did not ban harmful products outright. The requirement of truthful labels reflected the progressive belief that given accurate information, that people would act wisely (pg. 1027).

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Congress approved the 17th Amendment in 1912. It’s ratification in 1913 made direct elections of the senate, the law of the land. Government reforms included efforts to give Americans more of a voice in electing their legislatures and creating laws. It also focused on the issue of women suffrage (pg.1007-1008).

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As women fought for the right to vote, the 18th amendment made it so that alcoholic beverages were banned. It also helped with social services for women, children, and the poor (pg.1058).

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Ratified in 1913, the sixteenth amendment legalized a federal income tax, which provided revenue by taxing individual earnings and corporate profits (pg.1050). Under the graduated tax, larger incomes were taxed at higher rates than smaller incomes (pg.1051).

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In 1919, Congress passed the nineteenth amendment, granting women the right to vote. The amendment won final ratification in August 1920 to 72 years of women had first convened and demanded the vote at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 (pg.1052).