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The author did a great job maintaining a neutral stance when presenting both socioeconomic backgrounds and people in the narrative. Everything felt fair and the author does a great job accurately presenting the living situation and family of each person introduced. The author explained: mental health, family structure and aspects of racism

Natasha Naveed, Aylin Palafox, Denise Sanchez, Paloma Parcon
Lizbeth Torres Vasquez

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Writing a book is hard! So, we should always make sure to acknowledge the impressive work that scholars do, including in this book. Is there some part of Ch. 2 that you found particularly enlightening or some "thing" that is really helpful in understanding the achievement gap?

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Just because a book if published or a study shared, does not mean that every perspective is necessary the correct one. Is there some critique you can make of the reading? (Or, rather, if critique is too strong, perhaps some "thing" the authors left out or should reconsider.)

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One thing our group found particularly enlightening from Ch. 2 was when the disadvantaged were paired with advantaged students. When this occurred those who were disadvantaged found their white counterparts. This is because the low and high SES were treated equally, given resources, and taught at the same rate.
- Valeria Rodriguez, Genesis Escobar, Kangni Li

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Praise: We appreciated that the author discussed different categories that relate to economic standing, such as extracurricular activities, and mental health. In addition, the author did a close observation about their economic background, and the impact that is has upon family dynamic and opportunities. [Destiny Castaneda, Helen Mateo, zhihan, Rina Ko, Ashley Le]

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Praise: We appreciated that the author discussed different categories that relate to economic standing, such as extracurricular activities, and mental health. In addition, the author did a close observation about their economic background, and the impact that is has upon family dynamic and opportunities. [Destiny Castaneda, Helen Mateo, zhihan, Rina Ko, Ashley Le]

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The author’s use of statistics and bar graphs helped our group visualize the academic disparity between low-income and higher-income children when receiving an education in American public schools. Without these infographics, it would’ve been difficult to get the full scope of the negative effects of poverty on the children.

Nicolas Barba, Will Sweval, Kevin Thai, Joshua Coronel

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Praise: One praise we have is that the anecdotal aspect of the reading really helped readers relate, and the statistics they gave made the information all the more impactful. 

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Praise: One praise we have is that the anecdotal aspect of the reading really helped readers relate, and the statistics they gave made the information all the more impactful. 

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Bruno, F.,  Brandon k, Kiara W, Aubriana L, Yordy A

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We think the reading (published in the 2010s), tries to organise and compare students' performance on binary gender identity (male v female). However, with gender expression becoming more common nowadays, should the discussion on performance based on binary gender need to be updated? Should students of the LGBTQ community be seen as a separate category to be studied? What about family dynamics that do not conform to a nuclear family structure? How would that affect how students perform?
- Minh Nguyen, Tin Nguyen, Hunter Ung, Alejandro Benitez

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The anecdotes of students such as Alexander and Garrett helped us better visualize and conceptualize the income achievement gap, allowing us to imagine scenarios where having more or less disposable income would affect activities and down and things like having food on the table.

Alex Chang, Nahomy Avalos, Carrisa Jacob

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Something that we found particularly enlightening was how the author pointed out how as states have raised their academic standards a new issue for low income families has risen. Student are now expected to maintain a high GPA, be a part of school sports and clubs, and even take on extracurriculars. Having this be a norm in today's society isn't right as people that come from low income families may not have the time or resources to be a part of so many different things. These students may not have the money to keep up with these raising academic demands which just lead to the achievement gap increasing.

Alejandro Benitez
Hunter Ung
Tin Nguyen
Minh Nguyen

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There was a lack of graphs, and no explanation as to how that data was accrued. The graph could have been further elaborated on. Lack of sufficient statistics to back up the ideas  presented in the beginning of the article.

Natasha Naveed, Aylin Palafox, Denise Sanchez, Paloma Parcon
Lizbeth Torres Vasquez

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The specific examples of the students gave us an outlook on how opportunities are different for kids in the higher class compared to the lower class. For example, students who had parents with more money had more opportunities such as summer school and extracurricular activities because they can pay for it vs those that had parents with low income who had to worry more about providing for the family and less about piano lessons for their kids.

Vidisha Patel, Ruby Lapeyre, Tina Malek, Leah Lopez, Brianna Gonzalez

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The idea that the authors highlight about the importance of where a family lives as being an important factor to the kinds of resources that a child will have showed that it truly lays the foundation for that child in the kind of education they will receive. In addition, the different stories that the authors brought to light (from families of different backgrounds) were also insightful and made it so that we can truly understand how each and every family differs in their upbringings and the kind of resources they are able to obtain.

Eunice Jang, Vivian Nguyen, Annabella Lewis

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The author did a great job at showing more than just the economic setbacks that disadvantaged students face, but also the whole lifestyle changes and can affect the student negatively, such as malnutrition and mental health challenges. We also appreciated the graph that was included showed mental health issues and antisocial behaviors.
Gustavo Regalado, Diane Molina, Zhiqing Liu, Shihan Sun, Jocelyn Nakamine

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One thing that the chapter shined focus on was the impact that parent's own education impacts children. It discussed an impressive study that showed a large gap in how much affluent parents talked versus how much poorer parents talked to their kids. This unique information along with a decent handling on personal stories showcased next to statistics made the overall chapter a very informative read.

Matthew Knight
Tim Qiu

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The author uses the comparison between two students to demonstrate the difference in the family. It allowed international students to understand the gap between rich and low-income families in the United States. Also, The author gives many examples to illustrate the differences between poor and rich families. This makes the essay more realistic. In addition, the author presents many charts and graphs in the essay, which allow for a more visual representation of the data. For example, in the case of AP course selection, the author's table shows the disparity between different races regarding whether or not they take AP courses. This can be a clearer understanding of the Achievement Gap as described in the article.

James Lin, Yawen Feng, Hanna Yi

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I think it is brilliant to use anecdotes to create a personal sense of connection between the reader and the subject matter being talked about. There is often a sense of disconnection or dehumanization when you use statistics like “Over 20% of students who do not graduate form high school, over 75% being people of color.” This doesn’t properly create a sense of empathy and realization that one can draw from a personal story where you put a name and face to the number. Hearing the achievement gap through the life of a specific child called Anthony is a lot more effective than hearing it through statistics and numbers.

-Juan-Antonio Orozco

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Something that our group found enlightening was how the author discussed how the family's economic condition can affect the students, such as their grades. Families with a better socioeconomic status are able to have after-school activities and tutors because they are able to afford them. This means they are more competitive than students of low-SES families.

Jingxi Wang
Minghan Gao
Elaine Tang

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One thing we liked about the book is that the author utilizes statistics when describing the educational gap between the high-income class and the low-income class. These statistics made readers easier to understand the context of the book.

Sumin Lee, Jiyouen Kim, Jeongwoo Yoon, Wooseung Oh

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Critique: One critique we have is that the data and all the anecdotes only mention the students in high school and earlier, and they don't continue onto education in college

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Critique: One critique we have is that the data and all the anecdotes only mention the students in high school and earlier, and they don't continue onto education in college

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Bruno F, Brandon K, Kiara W, Aubriana L, Yordy A

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When reading over chapter 3, two major things have stood out to us mainly how they address the outcome of a child personality and lifestyle based on their family income status. we noticed that it mentioned how low income background situation will effect the personality of a child as well as how a child with a parent who has two incomes and highe income compared to a lower income family will have a more positive home environment. We found these to be a bit of a flawed statement mainly because having a low income background doesn’t necessarily mean lower personality or lower performing person.
Valeria Rodriguez
Kangni Li
Genesis Escobar

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The heavy focus broken households in relation to poor student learning is a bit overemphasized and can indirectly reinforce stereotypes that may not necessarily be true. The personal look into the lives of students in poverty can give greater insight but may also cause readers to make untrue generalizations. Instead the focus should be on solutions to issues.

Matthew Knight, Tim Qiu

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We think that the chapter’s presentation of counter-evidence leaves a lot to be desired. They do a wonderful job laying out their argument and dedicate only a few lines to giving counter-evidence, largely without context. While we largely agree with the argument laid out in the book, if the author is going to bring evidence to the contrary, it should be more comprehensive.

Nicolas Barba, Will Sweval, Kevin Thai, Joshua Coronel

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Examining more anecdotes of different racial groups such as Asian-Americans, Pacific Islanders, and Native American/Indigenous students would have been better to get a more complete picture of how income affects these groups differently in terms of achievement. Examining other marginalized communities such as LGBTQ-IA students would have been good to see as well.

Alex Chang, Nahomy Avalos, Carrisa Jacob

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Although the book does a great job at describing the economic gaps between students, the book and graphs provided are not current. Therefore excusing current factors that impact students' learning. The author also omits various stressors that could affect learning including, food insecurities, citizenship status, etc due to the lack of income.
Ashley Bravo, Rosa Gonzalez, Tiffany Ren, Vanessa Chen, Katelyn Aoki

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There could have been better visual examples as they were all just bar graphs. Additionally, it would be nice to know where they got the information. It also feels a little dated as it was from the early 2000s. It would be interesting to see where it stands today and what has changed.

Nathan Gin, Jayden Hwang, Diana Park

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It was very helpful how the author used statistics and child case studies to effectively provide a clear image of what the achievement gap looks like. It was especially insightful to see the side to side comparison between a well off child and a low-income child, not only through just how they perform in a classroom, but by also showing their day to day schedule and family life. The authors delved into how the income of a parent affects their mental health and therefore affects the child's performance, which gives another perspective.

Eunice Meng, Yifei Sun, Daisy Rodriguez, Ashley Medina Purugganan

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Something that stood out throughout the chapter was the specific words and phrases the authors used in reference to the factors that contribute to the gap and specific the affects on lower-income groups. We found that often times the phrases insinuated that dysfunction was only prominent throughout lower-income families and although that is prominent, it is phrased in a manner that overshadows the fact that dysfunction is common in affluent families as well. It is the combination of socio-economic factors that prompt lower-income students to perform less successfully than affluent students, and there are certain social factors that allow affluent students to succeed even if they face dysfunction like lower-income students.
Isabel Rodriguez, Kimberly Ceja, Erica Wong

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The author's use of two individuals as examples really helped us understand the differences between the two students and how it affects their education. Overall, the author does a great job at conveying the importance of achievement gap of the parents and how it affects their offsprings education/ future.

- Jayden Hwang, Diana Park, Nathan Gin

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It seems that the author could have done more research/ interviewed more about each person. For example in the reading we see a lot of the child perspective but It would also be great to have anecdotes from the parents perspective. As well as compared all races, rather than just saying low income.

- Fatima Gonzalez-Reyes, Yanaisa Lopez, Maria Marin, Kumdana Pillarl

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The author did a wonderful job on pointing out the differences between the two children. He went into details about their living conditions and their family structures which give readers a better and deeper understanding how this could leave a profound impact on a child's life.  Anecdotes are used effectively to get the message across. Beside from that, statistics and graphs help a lot in visualizing the big picture that the author is trying to paint about the distinction between the children.

Minh Nguyen, Jing Ouyang, Emi Takemoto, Kayzelyn Barrett

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Duncan and Murname emphasized the fact that one's parent's education level/SES really does make a difference in their child's academic/social journey because many are unable to receive the same guidance and access to resources as their more well-off peers. We have to take note of such lack of access for students and its impact on students as they progress into higher education-- not only will they possibly perform not as good as others, they will not be able to pursue their hobbies as much as others.

Erica Wong, Kimberly Ceja, Isabel Rodriguez

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It was great that the author recognized not only the benefits of a stable family income and quality of education a child may benefit from, but also other factors like extracurriculars, present parents, and nutritious meals, that can ultimately lead to a child's success in school.

Mariana Romero, Kristie Flores

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One thing we thought the author did good was uses bar graphs and statistics to help support her claims in the different types of gaps she discusses. We also discussed that they take into factor everything making it very relatable. The author also proves his opinions from different directions such as parents' education and health situation which made the book more persuasive. Those date and examples are very important to help us understanding.

Valeria Carlos, Hao Sun, Lang Tu

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We want to know more about ways in which we can help decrease the income gap created for students instead of simply stating that there is a problem. The chapter felt like it contained a lot of complaints but no resolutions or motivation for the readers to think about resolving the issue.

Vidisha Patel, Ruby Lapeyre, Tina Malek, Leah Lopez, Brianna Gonzalez

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We would have liked the author discuss racial issues in further depth and address the impact that gender roles have in education. Also, Duncan primarily focuses on the parent's backgrounds and their faults. Although it is important to mention family's income and opportunities, we would also like for the author to mention the faults in the education system as well.

Destiny Castaneda, Ashley Le, Rina Ko, zhihan zhu, Helen Mateo

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One critique we noticed was that there was a lack of explanation on just how the data they mentioned were obtained as well as a lack of visual graphs containing the data. In addition, there are a lot of things that have changed since this book was published. So it would be interesting to see how the authors can consider the impact of technology now and, for example, how the fact that there are a lot of "child enrichment" programs that are now online (and can be accessible to all) can possibly effect the achievement gap.

Eunice Jang, Vivian Nguyen, Annabella Lewis

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The author did a great job; however, the author does use outdated measures to present his argument. For example, the author uses IQ levels to try to defend his argument regarding other factors hindering a child's performance. IQ is known to be an inaccurate measure. Therefore, it doesn't really provide convincing evidence.

Mariana Romero,Kristie Flores

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We believe that students in lower income should be represented more with finding opportunities to enrich themselves in their education. They should find examples of lower income students utilizing their resources around their community. For example, some libraries offer free tutoring to help lower income students with their homework; opposed to the idea of wealthier students having access to private instructors. In addition, the author pays more attention to the generational wealth that the higher income students have. The author should help focus on the brighter sides of lower income students taking a chance with their education, and finding ways to be one step ahead in life.

Minh Nguyen, Emi Takemoto, Kayzelyn Barrett, Jing Ouyang

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The author provided different examples to clarify the difference between the social economic levels and also bring out how kids who grew up in a different environment impacted their future lives. The author stated exact names that made the proof more persuasive to the readers that it is actually happening in real life that a richer students would have more opportunities to learn as they were young, however, the relatively poor ones couldn't.

- Hao Ding, Ruotong Jiao, Jiaqi Xiang, Seraphina Doller

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The chapter does a great job discussing the frameworks of social and cultural issues that exist in the realm of education. However, I feel that there is a lack of discourse regarding practical solutions that would help underserved communities with low SES. For example, the chapter discusses a report based on Earned Income Tax Credit where mental health improved when incomes increased, but we should engage ideas of where these disparities exist and how to approach them.

Albert Evans. Sonya Kim, Lisa Ning, Serin Kim,Yuetying Fung

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The problem with these anecdotes is that they are clear and distinct examples of the achievement gap in that one child is extremely rich (Alexander) and the other child is extremely poor (Anthony). However, in reality the gaps between the two are often subtle and not as obvious, for example, Alexander being placed in a higher level math class and Anthony being placed in a lower level math class. On the surface you would think that this is a minor detail, but in reality, this can hurt the child’s ability to take higher level classes later on in life.

-Juan-Antonio Orozco

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Something that I found enlightening would be how the difference in income greatly affects the academic achievements of a child. We talked about how due to the difference in income, one gets more opportunities for their own future and that not many people could afford the expenses to do. We enjoy the author's use of graphs because it shows how each family's income contributes to a child's achievements. We also like how the author correlated a child's mental health due to the lack of financial aid from their parents.  

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Something that I found enlightening would be how the difference in income greatly affects the academic achievements of a child. We talked about how due to the difference in income, one gets more opportunities for their own future and that not many people could afford the expenses to do. We enjoy the author's use of graphs because it shows how each family's income contributes to a child's achievements. We also like how the author correlated a child's mental health due to the lack of financial aid from their parents.  

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- Xitlali Santillan, Kelly Nguyen, Joseph Park

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This book used a lot of graphs and statistics to back up its points. Furthermore, this chapter included a comparison between wealthy families' expanse for their children and poor families. In this way, readers are able to directly visualize how the achievement gaps between children under different levels of SES were formed. Finally, the book does a great job of concluding the research which is money matters for children's long-term success in school.

Jiayi Li, Zhilin Tan, Tianyou Xu, Zhanhao Ruan, Teng Teng, Xinyuan Huo

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One critique that we have about the book is that although the book does a good job of describing the problem at hand, the data is not necessarily up to date.

Jingxi Wang
Minghan Gao
Elaine Tang

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We think this article has some limitations, first of all, although there is a lot of theory, I think it lacks practical significance. First of all, I think some of the data span a large period of time, due to the change of life and the development of technology. So the gap may not be as big as the article says. Secondly, I think the article also has some bias, but this is unavoidable. Because we don't know exactly what class the author is in, it may be difficult to understand the specifics of another class, just as those examples in the article are mostly examples of others to go with their own opinions, but these opinions do not originate from the person being observed, but are based on the author's competent guesses.

Zhanhao Ruan, Zhilin Tan, Tianyou Xu, Teng Teng, Jiayi Li, Xinyuan Huo

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We think that the author specified the cases and examples that proves what the author is claiming about(relationship between family income and school success) which helped readers to understand the article better.

Serin Kim, Yuetying Fun, Albert Evans, Sonya Kim, Lisa Ning

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We liked how the author provided examples and data to back up their claims. We thought that the author covered a wide range of student experiences starting from kindergarten to high school which stressed the how the environment/setting can impact the students from such a young age. We also appreciated the fact that the author provided some anecdotes which help us understand the struggles and made it real instead of just providing numbers.

- Kundana Pillari, Yanaisa Lopez, Maria Marin, Fatima Gonzalez-Reyes

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The author only described the situation for rich and low-income families. Our group thinks the author should also provide solutions. It is not enough to only talk about the gap between the economy. It should be one of the factors that caused people to have gaps.
James Lin, Yawen Feng, Hanna Yi

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In my opinion, the lack of data support for the reader to understand the text may have made the reader feel the content of the book faster. More real stories should be added to the article including families who were single parent families without contact with the other parent.

JiaQi Xiang
seraphina dollar
Hao Ding
Ruotong Jiao
XinYue Jiang

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While reading the chapter, it seemed as if the author was basing most of his argument off just the income of the family even though there are many more factors that go into a child's success like the family environment and mental health. There are families that are poor but very happy and families that are very wealthy but may not be happy. It is true that money allows children to participate in enriching activities, but money is not absolute.

- Xitlali Santillan, Kelly Nguyen, Joseph Park

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The author had a neutral stance, as we were given the perspective of two students from two different socioeconomic statuses. The author also provided examples that helps the reader understand what certain students and their families go through. So the author emphasized the experiences of real students to help the reader better understand the differences between a student from a rich family, and a student from a poor family.

Mansour Al tamimi, Zhiyi Song, Yuhui Pan, Magaly Bravo

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We think that although the reading gives valuable comparison between the skills and behavior, it does not provide or explain what exactly they are measuring and how they actually measured these "skills" (i.e., How did they determine one's level of "skills" or behavior). If they don't talk about how exactly they measured it, readers may not find the stats reliable. Moreover, the examples used by the authors were both extreme examples, either from really rich family or poor family. It could be more comprehensive if we could see examples of more average students and those in the middle class.

Eunice Meng, Yifei Sun, Daisy Rodriguez, Ashley Medina Purugganan

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one critique we discussed was that it mainly  only focuses on high school level of education and not any further

Valeria Carlos

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One critique that we concluded was in relation to the author's simple infographics. As a reader, we would like to know more about how they obtained information. In addition, we would like more about instances where students are met with parents that hide well economical issues and if they still face antisocial behavior. Overall, the issues related to getting statistical data. Was there any bias in the study? Overall, how should we trust infographics if little to no background of data is inferred? What could the author do to become more credible?

DIANE MOLINA, Gustavo Regalado, Jocelyn Nakamine, Shihan Sun,Zhiqing Liu

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We like how the author included datas and examples into the books to add credibility. For example, the author included real-life stories from Alexander Williams and Anthony Mears to make a contrast, in which many factors like the ability to afford a tutor are presented.

Ashley Bravo, Rosa Gonzalez, Tiffany Ren, Vanessa Chen, Katelyn Aoki

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Indeed, a person's character and habits are greatly influenced and shaped by their early experiences. It is true that a person's personality and behavior are shaped by their upbringing. In conclusion, I believe that experiences in childhood are essential to forming a person's character because of the numerous examples I have seen in real life.

Tianlang Chen

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The author didn't provide enough context about how these resources were collected. How was the information in the bar graph collected? As readers we expect to know how they collected the information, from which high school, differences between states, and so on.

Mansour Al tamimi, Zhiyi Song, Yuhui Pan, Magaly Bravo

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The author adopted a neutral stance because she gave us the perspectives of two students from two different socioeconomic statuses. The author also provided examples for the reader to better understand the difficulties that some students and their families encounter. The author concentrated on the experiences of actual students to aid the reader in understanding the differences between a student from a wealthy family and a student from a poor family.

Boxu Liu, Cristina Cheng