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While the textbook discusses a little about the oppression Hispanic/Latinx people faced by the American people and government, it mainly talks about how much America has done to help them by implanting Immigration Acts or making it easier for them to become citizens, which is a bit of a stretch. On page 637, it discusses Braceros and their ability to be admitted into the US for a brief period of time, as it provided them with jobs. It states that "some Mexicans were able to for the first time to find factory jobs". While this was beneficial, I feel that the books paints it as if America was saving these people.

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I feel that the book vastly understates the hardships not just Hispanic/Latinx people went through, but all people of color who migrated to the United States. On pages 695-696, the mass migration of Hispanic/Latinx people to major cities- especially New York- is discussed, with almost no mention of the hardships they faced except for the lack of job opportunities. This makes the US seem like it is not at fault for the poor economy of cities at this time (1950s and '60s), and almost completely disregards the experiences of not only Hispanic and Latinx people, but people of color who moved to the US to find that it was not a land of hope and freedom.

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From what I read- as well as what I've heard about pertaining to this textbook- the forced sterilization of latina immigrants is not talked about at all, and most definitely should be. For multiple decades, Latina immigrants (specifically in California) were forcibly sterilized or coerced into doing it- an extremely important topic which the book seems to not bring up at all. It even seems to not bring up the eugenics movement and its impact on communities of color, which is even more concerning.

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Those that are driving the overall discussion of the pieces of the textbook that I read would most definitely be the white community. At times, I felt that they were even playing into the idea of white saviorism as they discussed the immigration of Hispanic/Latinx people into the United States - I often got the impression that coming to America saved and provided them with a stream of opportunities, but they didn't take these opportunities because they were Hispanic or Latinx. It does very little to mention the discrimination they faced, and so the textbook very clearly represents the white perspective.

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The message of this textbook is trying to convey is that Latinx/Hispanos were essentially nothing more than migrants. Throughout the entire pages I looked through it was constantly mentioned that ¨Latinos and Asians were by far the largest immigration group¨p.805. The textbook also focuses on the struggles Hispanic/Latinx folk experienced. On p.570 it mentions how Mexican unemployment was sjyrocketing due to unemployed whites taking the jobs they deemed ¨beneath them¨. Its ironic that there is this stereotype that immigrants are just coming to the US to steal jobs, when during the Great Depression Latinx/Hispanics had the jobs to had taken away.  

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The message of this textbook is trying to convey is that Latinx/Hispanos were essentially nothing more than migrants. Throughout the entire pages I looked through it was constantly mentioned that ¨Latinos and Asians were by far the largest immigration group¨p.805. The textbook also focuses on the struggles Hispanic/Latinx folk experienced. On p.570 it mentions how Mexican unemployment was sjyrocketing due to unemployed whites taking the jobs they deemed ¨beneath them¨. Its ironic that there is this stereotype that immigrants are just coming to the US to steal jobs, when during the Great Depression Latinx/Hispanics had the jobs to had taken away.  

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The textbook doesn't really go into specific about any of the accomplishments achieved by Latinx/Hispanics besides mentioning how they responeded to there climates by " strengthening their ethnic identification and  by organizing for political and local governemnt.p.743

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The textbook doesn't really go into specific about any of the accomplishments achieved by Latinx/Hispanics besides mentioning how they responeded to there climates by " strengthening their ethnic identification and  by organizing for political and local governemnt.p.743

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The actors definitely appeat to be non Latinx/Hispanic individuals. Their explenation about Latinx/Hispanc life and history in the US were very vague. All the violence and hatred Latinx/Hispanics faced is glossed over and makes it seem like there lives were not that hard.

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The actors definitely appeat to be non Latinx/Hispanic individuals. Their explenation about Latinx/Hispanc life and history in the US were very vague. All the violence and hatred Latinx/Hispanics faced is glossed over and makes it seem like there lives were not that hard.

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The textbook heavily prioritizes how the Hispanic/Latinx impacted America, utterly ignoring the vice versa. Even when the difficulties Latinx/Hispanic endured were addressed, they were vague, glossed over, and written off as insignificant. However, what truly caught my eye was page 805 which discussed immigration. They glamorized the immigration of millions of individuals as if attributing to popular phrase that America is a melting pot of cultures. Yet, the textbook prioritized the ratio of white people to specifically Hispanics , "The growing presence of the foreign-born contributed to a significant drop in the percentage of white residents in the U.S--from 90% in 1965 to 80% in 2008. (Relative to the overall population, non-Hispanic whites constituted just over 65%)." The phrasing of this quote paints Hispanics/Latinx people as invaders and this false portrayal of Hispanics is the backbone of white America's fear, immigrants 'stealing' their jobs. These percentages were unnecessary and if anything, acted as a fear tactic that fuels white hate groups that yearn for the 'reinstatement of their race.'

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What is truly driving the discussion of Hispanic and Latinx individuals is the white community and racial stereotypes. In the textbook's discussion on Latino Activism, 60-70% of the section discussed immigration as well as Puerto Rican poverty and Cuban 'success.' The writer made it seem as if there were solely two types of Hispanic/Latinx people, those who were poor and those who 'made it.' This stereotype still lingers throughout the nation as hispanic children are praised for escaping the 'hole of poverty and insignificance.' When it came to actually discussing latino Activism, no in-depth background was provided for any latino-activists (only one name was given, and he was a man) and the textbook portrayed latinos as having no true political influence, if so, it was slow and difficult to obtain.

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The textbook focuses on immigration patterns, mostly from Mexico but also briefly mentions those from other regions of Latin America and the Caribbean. It also discusses the poverty faced by Latinos, and to some extent talks about discrimination. Latinos are described as a group in the workforce and generally any other contributions of theirs are ignored. They are described using the term "illegal immigrants" and any discrimination and violence toward them is mentioned in personal terms, not explicit action by U.S. government bodies.

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Almost no individual Latinos are mentioned as examples, with one exception being the brief writing on Cesar Chavez. Otherwise, the discussion seems to all be focused on Latinos as a uniform group; while, on the other hand, there are countless individual white politicians and cultural figures mentioned. Furthermore, the actions of the United States to erase Latin American identity, the sterilization of Latina women in California, and more is not mentioned.

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Latino immigration is mostly seen as a response to the actions of the white U.S. government or white groups, and they are not put as the drivers of their own story. Latino perspectives are generally ignored and overwritten.

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I wish the textbook acknowledged more of the challenges faced by Latino Americans, but also more of their achievements. In general it feels like they are very much under-represented and only represented in the ways that fit the stereotypical narrative in the country.