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“When one divides the world into two irreconcilable and war- ring camps – one’s own nation in opposition to all other nations – where the latter are viewed as one’s implacable enemies, then, in contrast to patriotism, there is the ideology of nationalism. Nationalism repudiates civility and the dif- ferences that it tolerates by attempting to eliminate all differ- ing views and interests for the sake of one vision of what the nation has been and should be. For example, a French nationalism might consist of the belief that to be a good mem- ber of the French nation, one must hate everything English and German; and anyone who does not, isn’t ‘truly’ French”

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“The nation is a territorial community of nativity. One is born into a nation. The significance attributed to this bio- logical fact of birth into the historically evolving, territorial structure of the cultural community of the nation is why the nation is one among a number of forms of kinship. It differs from other forms of kinship such as the family because of the centrality of territory. It differs from other territorial soci- eties such as a tribe, city-state, or various ‘ethnic groups’ not merely by the greater extent of its territory, but also because of its relatively uniform culture that provides stability, that is, continuation over time."

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Unification  of Italy and Germany
Socialist movements

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-Enlightenment thinking
- Popular Sovereignty
-Formation of Empires
-Social commonality
-Industrial Revolution

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https://www.britannica.com/topic/nationalism/European-nationalism, Article on European Nationalism

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7nq0G8GD_s, European viedo of what is natiolasism and examples

https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctvxcrmwf, Edinburgh University Press on Nations and Nationalism: A Reader

http://seas3.elte.hu/coursematerial/LojkoMiklos/George_Orwell,_Notes_on_Nationalism_(1945).pdf, notes on nationalism by George Orwell

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSjDe9_jZk8, Crash course Nationalism video

https://www.bisd303.org/cms/lib3/WA01001636/Centricity/Domain/592/NOTES%20NATIONALISM.pdf - 19th and 20th century Nationalism, M. Holloway

https://dl101.zlibcdn.com/dtoken/0c45087de6dc9dc9f4cde3f2f11fa087 -Nationalism, a very short introduction - Steven Crosby

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Loyalty to one's own nation and support for its interests.