# data[].attributes.body
https://www.google.com/search?q=john+goodlad&biw=1242&bih=615&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiOkbn53ezNAhUIKCYKHSEHAu8Q_AUICCgD#imgrc=WcMqdDFzgSLC5M%3A

# data[].attributes.body
John Goodlad took Dewey's original ideas of democracy and social activism and Tyler's rational model of curriculum making and ran with them. Goodlad believes that philosophy is the starting point in curriculum and the basis for determining goals, means, and ends. He believes that schools should help individuals fulfill their potential but should also promote society's goals. Education should socialize children and instill society's values and norms. Goodlad launched a study of 260 kindergarten and first-grade classrooms in 100 schools in 13 states. He reported that things were the same as they were 20 years before based from his findings compared to Tyler's.

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.google.com/search?q=ralph+tyler&biw=1242&bih=615&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwi-k4qJ3OzNAhWEwiYKHZw0B04Q_AUICCgD#imgrc=YG_1xcV1uR7owM%3A

# data[].attributes.body
Ralph Tyler was influenced by theorists such as Judd, Dewey, Thorndike, Bobbitt, Charters, and Piaget. It is considered that Tyler's curriculum model is an elaboration of Rugg's four major curriculum tasks and a condensed version of the NSSE's Twenty-Sixth Yearbook. His model represents a rational, logical, and systematic approach to curriculum making. Tyler shows how any school or school district can formulate goals and organize its means and resources to shape curriculum and instruction in the desired direction.

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.google.com/search?q=franklin+bobbitt&biw=1242&bih=576&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjvgeqE2uzNAhXERiYKHTGDAvkQ_AUIBigB#imgrc=qi2pBZFGu8sopM%3A

# data[].attributes.body
Franklin Bobbitt had an activities approach. He believed that curriculum should be an outline of knowledge that is important for each subject and then develop appropriate activities to align with the topic. During the 1920s, he outlined more than 800 objectives and related student activities. Bobbitt's insistence that curriculum making was a specialty based on scientific methods and procedures were important for elevating curriculum to a field of study.

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.google.com/search?q=hollis+caswell&biw=1242&bih=576&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiB4uWR1-zNAhUM7yYKHTdpDZ8QsAQIGw#imgrc=a-kxwtEyOnywZM%3A

# data[].attributes.body
Hollis Caswell envisioned curriculum making as a means of helping teachers coordinate their instructional activities once the selection of methods and activities was shifted to the teacher. He believed that courses of study were guides that teachers should use in planning their daily lessons, not plans they should follow in detail. He provided a step-by-step procedure for curriculum making. He view curriculum as a process involving scientific steps of development, organization, instruction, and evaluation.

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.google.com/search?q=harold+rugg&biw=1242&bih=576&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj83ITR0-zNAhVKQCYKHZ1SCcQQ_AUIBigB#imgrc=e36n5di02M_d4M%3A

# data[].attributes.body
Harold Rugg originally trained as an engineer before follwing in Bobbitt's and Charter's philosophy in science of curriculum. He did not believe that a curriculum should be based on students' input, needs, or interest. He believed that a student-directed curriculum would lack direction and logic. The main content of his focus was history, geography, civics, and economics.

# data[].attributes.body
Ornstein, Allan C., and Francis P Hunkins. (2013). Curriculum: Foundations, principles, and issues. 6th ed. Boston: Pearson.

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.google.com/search?q=william+kilpatrick&biw=1242&bih=576&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwjf6IP2zezNAhUBzSYKHZixD6gQsAQIGw#imgrc=nOTeGfp7HK2lKM%3A

# data[].attributes.body
William Kilpatrick was a progressivist created "Project Method". This was a blend of Dewey's and Judd's progressive philosophies. Kilpatrick's project method was implemented mainly at the elementary level. He saw traditional education as reactionary. He saw education's purpose as the child's growth along social lines, not the mastery of content.

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.google.com/search?q=w.w.+charters&biw=1242&bih=615&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwjG3uiKyezNAhXGWCYKHZSdA4EQ_AUICSgE#imgrc=3qsGOw-Bqph8iM%3A

# data[].attributes.body
Charters believed the curriculum is a series of goals that students must reach, with a behaviorist approach. He believed in curriculum in terms of specific operations, such as those involved in running a machine. He strongly agreed that curriculum makers must apply clear principles in order to select materials that lead to achievement of specific and measurable objectives.