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tornado in kokomo indiana takes out starbucks and knocks down power lines and telephone lines.

beached whale washed up on a beach in california due to the pollution. when dissected, its stomach was filled with plastic and waste.

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~Tatum~

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It is indisputable that greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere heat up our planet. But it is harder to determine the exact dependence of the temperature rise on greenhouse gas concentrations. Scientists refer to this dependence as climate sensitivity. If we assume that human activity leads to a sustained doubling of the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, how much will Earth warm on average? "Probably between 1.5 and 4.5 degrees Celsius" was the vague answer of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in its most recent Assessment Report from 2013.

Climate sensitivity is a key parameter affecting climate projections and climate targets. It would be desirable if climate sensitivity, and thus the expected temperature rise, could be better constrained. Tapio Schneider, Professor for Climate Dynamics at ETH Zurich, and Florent Brient, a postdoctoral researcher in his group, have achieved this with the help of new analyses. "It's very unlikely that the climate sensitivity is less than 2.3 degrees Celsius," says Schneider. "Climate sensitivity is more likely situated in the upper half of previous estimates, probably around four degrees."
Fifteen years of satellite data evaluated
The main reason for the uncertainty in previous climate sensitivity estimates has been the difficulty in determining the exact influence of cloud cover -- particularly low-level clouds in the tropics, Schneider explains. Scientists disagreed as to whether -- and how much -- this cloud cover might change in the future as the climate changes.

To get to the bottom of this question, Brient and Schneider evaluated a large quantity of satellite data from the past 15 years. The data was taken from radiometers situated on board of the satellites in NASA's CERES programme. The satellites continuously measure how much sunlight is reflected from Earth back into space. The ETH scientists were able to show that, in the past, there were fewer low-lying clouds in warmer years than in colder years.
Earth is warming faster than predicted
The researchers were able to use the new information to evaluate the quality of nearly 30 current climate models. They found that almost all models that were consistent with the observational data also predicted fewer low-lying clouds under long-term global warming. The scientists therefore assume that this cloud cover will continue to thin out as Earth warms.

All the models that match the observational data also have a climate sensitivity of at least 2.3 degrees Celsius, with most having much higher climate sensitivities.

This suggests that the threshold of two degrees warming above pre-industrial levels, which countries committed not to exceed in the Paris Agreement, may be reached earlier than anticipated. Because the climate sensitivity likely lies in the upper range of previous estimates, a smaller increase in CO2 concentrations than previously thought may suffice to reach the threshold.

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climate; global warming; environmental awareness; environmental issues; weather; environmental policy; geoengineering; environmental science

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Fewer low clouds in the tropics as Earth warms

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With the help of satellite data, scientists have shown that low-level cloud cover in the tropics thins out as the earth warms. Since this cloud cover has a cooling effect on the climate, the two-degree warming target may therefore be reached earlier than many models have predicted.

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With the help of satellite data, scientists have shown that low-level cloud cover in the tropics thins out as the earth warms. Since this cloud cover has a cooling effect on the climate, the two-degree warming target may therefore be reached earlier than many models have predicted.

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160816110756.htm

Fewer low clouds in the tropics as Earth warms. (2016). ScienceDaily. Retrieved 22 August 2016, from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/201

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https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160818165931.htm
Date:

August 18, 2016

Source:

University of Washington

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An English Zoo Says It Is The First To Breed This Rare Type Of Spider.

Roughly 200 Montserrat tarantulas recently hatched at the Chester Zoo in England. Video provided by Newsy

Roughly 200 Montserrat tarantulas recently hatched at the Chester Zoo in England. Video provided by Newsy. (2016). ScienceDaily. Retrieved 22 August 2016, from
https://www.sciencedaily.com/videos/aa10aacace1f82a3b4b307b465f22958.htm

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http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2016/08/animal_activists_crunched_the_numbers_to_learn_that_the_creature_most_in.html

Nearly every egg you buy, will be cage free soon.
"How The Chicken Became The Unlikely Focus Of The Animal Rights Movement". Slate Magazine. N.p., 2016. Web. 22 Aug. 2016.

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http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/27241/20160822/rising-sea-levels-benefit-coral-reefs.htm

"Rising Sea Levels Could Actually Benefit Coral Reefs, Scientists Say". Nature World News. N.p., 2016. Web. 22 Aug. 2016.

Rise in sea levels pose a threat to people but benefits other pants.

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Azadeh Ansari and Steve Almasy, C.

Azadeh Ansari and Steve Almasy, C. (2016). Lochte: 'I over-exaggerated' robbery story. CNN. Retrieved 22 August 2016, from http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/20/sport/us-olympics-swimmers-reported-robbery-future/index.html

Olympic Swimmer, Ryan Lochte exaggerated a story of being robbed, along with three of his other swimmates. With Ryan saying all of this, he has gotten himself and his partners in trouble, all because he was intoxicated.

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Striped bass are known to have favorite summer swimming spots to which they return every year. They are creatures of habit. However, when a hurricane hits, everything can change very quickly. The water level rises rapidly. Runoff floods the river with sediment and chokes off the oxygen. Heavy rains create rushing currents and a sudden drop in water temperature. And the fish leave the area in a hurry. Scientists call it "evacuating" to better conditions.

Researchers from the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science wanted to know the impact of severe storms on fish populations that have to make sudden and unexpected trips downstream, away from their preferred habitat, to more hospitable waters. Thanks to global warming, waterways that make up important habitat for fish are likely to experience an increased frequency of such extreme conditions.

"These events happen naturally, but having them occur more frequently may have a bigger impact on the fish," said the study's lead author Helen Bailey. "If you get more frequent storms during the year, it is possible you could interrupt their breeding and feeding in ways that impact their population."

Bailey and Dave Secor tracked 22 striped bass in the Hudson River Estuary (which hosts one of the largest populations of this species) and New York Harbor during the Tropical Storms Irene and Lee in 2011. Occurring about a week apart, the significant weather events caused heavy rainfall, major flooding, and sudden influxes of fresh, cold water into the waterways.

The year before, during normal conditions, researchers had tagged the fish that lived there with small electronic transmitters that regularly pinged their every move. After the storms, they were able to compare the data to examine how their behavior was impacted by the extreme storm events.

"There are very few studies on this because it so hard to sample during these storm events. You can't predict when they will happen and these can be hazardous conditions to work in," said Bailey. "Telemetry data gave us the opportunity to do it."

The researchers discovered that when the storms hit, most of the fish rapidly left the Hudson River and New York Harbor, moving south along the coast. A few remained in the harbor and were able to avoid being displaced. Others did a few exploratory trips later back to the harbor to check on conditions over the next few months and eventually returned up the river.

"It's not unusual for fish to be leaving this area at this time of year," said Bailey. "What was very unusual was that so many of them did it, they went so far south, and they did it so quickly."

There were several changes to the behavior that the researchers didn't expect. Most concerning, depending on when the storm events occurred, some of the striped bass that evacuated the areas did not immediately return, adopting new migration behaviors.

"The responses of fish species to extreme weather events will need to be considered when planning management strategies to ensure efforts are appropriately targeted to maintain key population segments and critical evacuation routes," said Dave Secor, the study's co-author at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science's Chesapeake Biological Laboratory.

Located where the Patuxent River meets the Chesapeake Bay, the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory is the oldest publicly supported marine laboratory on the East Coast. Founded in 1925, it has long been a national leader in fisheries, environmental chemistry and toxicology, and ecosystem science and restoration ecology with a focus on whole ecosystem management and restoration. From developing successful fisheries management plans and breaking new ground in understanding how chemicals move between the atmosphere, sediments, and water to renowned work on nutrient dynamics and the food web, the lab is developing new scientific approaches to solving environmental management problems that face our world.

"Coastal evacuations by fish during extreme weather events" by Helen Bailey and David Secor of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science's Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, was published online in Scientific Reports on July 26.

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fish; fisheries; marine biology; nature; severe weather; storms; weather; global warming

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Impact of extreme weather events on striped bass: Abrupt changes in habitat could impact fish populations

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Thanks to global warming, waterways that make up important habitat for fish are likely to experience an increased frequency of such extreme conditions. Researchers wanted to know the impact of severe storms on fish populations that have to make sudden and unexpected trips downstream, away from their preferred habitat, to more hospitable waters.

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http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/08/toxic-algae/

Toxic algea has grown, believied to be being accelerated by t6he warming of the ocean or other climate shifts. It is poisoning both people and marine life .

Ocean Slime Spreading Quickly Across the Earth. (2016).News.nationalgeographic.com. Retrieved 19 August 2016, from http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/08/toxic-algae/

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Scientists in Antartica have discovered a change in sea ice over a long span of time.  They found that 128,000 years ago, there was 65% more sea ice than there is today.  Discovering this information  will help them with predictions on the future climate changes.

New Antarctic ice discovery aids future climate predictions. (2016). ScienceDaily. Retrieved 19 August 2016, from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160816084738.htm

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New research shows mussel and marsh grass share an interaction known as mutualism may be critical to helping these ecosystems bounce back from extreme climatic events.

University of Florida. (2016, August 18). Mussel flexing: Bivalve save drought-stricken marshes, research finds. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 19, 2016 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160818131527.htm

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http://www.livescience.com/55781-2016-lightning-deaths-surpass-2015.html

already in this year in the u.s. many americans have been killed by lightning

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Extreme weather conditions are causing striped bass to leave their usual area and find a new place to live. Flooding and cold water coming in to their habitat is making them change their environment. Some of the bass that leave do not return.

Impact of extreme weather events on striped bass: Abrupt changes in habitat could impact fish populations. (2016).ScienceDaily. Retrieved 19 August 2016, from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160802112728.htm

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https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160815111312.htmMapping the health threat of wildfires under climate change U.S West
A surge in major wildfire events in the U.S. West as a consequence of climate change will expose tens of millions of Americans to high levels of air pollution in the coming decades, according to a new Yale-led study conducted with collaborators from Harvard.

Cite: Mapping the health threat of wildfires under climate change in US West: Tens of millions will experience longer, more intense 'smoke waves'

Mapping the health threat of wildfires under climate change in US West: Tens of millions will experience longer, more intense 'smoke waves'. (2016).ScienceDaily. Retrieved 19 August 2016, from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016

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Volcanic Eruption

A volcanic Eruption in the Philipines accelerate the rise in sea level drastically, according to a new study finding.

Volcanic eruption masked acceleration in sea level rise | NSF - National Science Foundation

Volcanic eruption masked acceleration in sea level rise | NSF - National Science Foundation. (2016). Nsf.gov. Retrieved 19 August 2016, from https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=189410&org=NSF&from=news
https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=189410&org=NSF&from=news

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Tornado formed near Hardy, Nebraska took out power lines and a farmstead. It was one of dozens of tornadoes to hit the southern Plains.

(May 7) Video provided by AP. (2016). ScienceDaily. Retrieved 19 August 2016, from https://www.sciencedaily.com/videos/a32e2ab55efc4520a427a6e3da3eac4c.htm

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https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160815111312.htm

cite: Mapping the health threat of wildfires under climate change in US West: Tens of millions will experience longer, more intense 'smoke waves'. (2016).ScienceDaily. Retrieved 19 August 2016, from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160815111312.htm

A surge of major wildfires in the U.S. West will expose tens of millions of Americans to high levels of air pollution. The smoke from wildfires contains large amounts of fine particulate matter, or PM2.5. Which can have profound impacts on human health.

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When water temperature rises in bodies of water, the growth of bacteria starts to increase and the bacteria become more mobile. In many of the world's oceans the disease Vibrio bacteria, is starting to replicate. The Vibrio bacteria is a deadly disease that gives the victim diarrehea, and nausea. and eventually can lead to death. Poor water quality may be to blame for this problem.
Citation: Umair Irfan, C.

Umair Irfan, C. (2016). Deadly Bacteria Spread across Oceans as Water Temperatures Rise. Scientific American. Retrieved 19 August 2016, from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/deadly-bacteria-spread-across-oceans-as-water-temperatures-rise/
Score: 5