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Película sobre los desafíos lingüísticos entre los seres humanos y los extranjeros

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ARRIVAL Official TRAILER (Amy Adams, Jeremy Renner - Aliens Movie, 2016)

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Check out the mysterious first trailer of Denis Villeneuve (Prisoners, Sicario) new movie! ★ The Must-See Movies are HERE ➨ https://goo.gl/PtiArQ ★ Sci-Fi Fan ? Don't miss THIS ➨ https://goo.gl/rA0rqP When mysterious spacecraft touch down across the globe, an elite team - led by expert linguist Louise Banks (Amy Adams) - is brought together to investigate.

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4. Spanglish (2004) - Barreras de Comunicación

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4. Spanglish (2004) - Barreras de Comunicación

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Una escena de la película, Spanglish (2004), protagonizada por Adam Sandler, que representa una conversación traducida. La mujer estadounidense dice que la mujer latina es hermosa. Ella lo entiende como una acusación. Flor se escucha como un cumplido. La mujer estadounidense dice un doble r en español. Un r doble para decir "Flor" el nombre de la mujer latina. Entonces se le enseña a decirlo.

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3. Jorge Ramos (Univision) entrevista con el Senador Rubio (FL)

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3. Jorge Ramos (Univision) entrevista con el Senador Rubio (FL)

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Esta es una entrevista entre Rubio (R - FL) y el periodista hispanoamericano Jorge Ramos. Se hace en español. Rubio tiene un fuerte apoyo con los votantes hispanos en comparación con otros republicanos. Se consideró que era un candidato sabio de la elección general para los republicanos porque Mitt Romney ganó cerca de 27% por ciento del voto hispánico en 2012. Esto fue considerado una razón importante que él perdió el eleccion general contra Pres. Obama.

En la entrevista, Rubio habla la lengua materna de muchos votantes hispanos. Habla de inmigración y deportaciones. Un gran issue para muchos votantes hispanos como muchos votantes hispanos conocen a alguien que está en el país ilegalmente (alguien que trabaja y no tiene antecedentes penales).

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Jorge Ramos entrevista con el Senador Marco Rubio

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2. Senador Rubio (FL) v. Senador Cruz (TX)

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2. Senador Rubio (FL) v. Senador Cruz (TX)

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Este fue un intercambio interesante en un debate entre los senadores de Florida y Texas. Dos grandes estados con grandes poblaciones hispanas. Ambos senadores son hijos de inmigrantes cubanos.

En el intercambio, Sen. Rubio se burla de la incapacidad de Sen. Cruz a hablar español. Esto es embarazoso debido a su herencia hispana. Cruz luego responde hablando español en la etapa de un debate republicano. Un incidente comico.

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Sen. Ted Cruz Destoys Facist Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse

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When Ted Cruz Spoke in Spanish at GOP Debate

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Yes, this happened tonight. Cruz said this to Rubio in Spanish: "Marco, si quiere, díselo ahora mismo, ahora mismo díselo ahora, en español, si quieres." Good Cuban accent. Quick translation: "Marco, if you like, say it to him right now, right now say to him, in Spanish, if you like."

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Alejandro Marquez (Bilingual Family Tree)

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Alejandro Marquez (Bilingual Family Tree)

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Me

Alejandro (USA) - English Dominant bilingual (English/Spanish)

Parents

Patricio (Ecuador. USA Immigrant) - Spanish/English bilingual

Lani (USA) - English/Spanish bilingual

Paternal Grandparents

Miguel (Ecuador. Cuba Resident) - Spanish monolingual

Helen (Ecuador. USA Immigrant) - Spanish monolingual.

Maternal Grandparents

Marshall (USA) - English monolingual

Patricia (USA) - English monolingual

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Un artículo del New York Times. Argumenta los beneficios para la salud de hablar dos idiomas. Beneficios para la salud del cerebro.

A Hablar dos idiomas le hace más inteligente. Puede tener un efecto profundo en su cerebro.

La demencia, la enfermedad de Alzemher y otras enfermedades cerebrales disminuyen en grado entre los que hablan dos o más idiomas.

El estudio citado en el artículo encontró que "los individuos con un mayor grado de bilingüismo -medido a través de una evaluación comparativa de competencia en cada idioma- eran más resistentes que otros al inicio de la demencia y otros síntomas de la enfermedad de Alzheimer: cuanto mayor era el grado de bilingüismo, Más tarde la edad de inicio".

¡Habla dos idiomas!

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In the first task, the children had to sort the shapes by color, placing blue circles in the bin marked with the blue square and red squares in the bin marked with the red circle. Both groups did this with comparable ease. Next, the children were asked to sort by shape, which was more challenging because it required placing the images in a bin marked with a conflicting color. The bilinguals were quicker at performing this task.

The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brain's so-called executive function - a command system that directs the attention processes that we use for planning, solving problems and performing various other mentally demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mind - like remembering a sequence of directions while driving.

Why does the tussle between two simultaneously active language systems improve these aspects of cognition? Until recently, researchers thought the bilingual advantage stemmed primarily from an ability for inhibition that was honed by the exercise of suppressing one language system: this suppression, it was thought, would help train the bilingual mind to ignore distractions in other contexts. But that explanation increasingly appears to be inadequate, since studies have shown that bilinguals perform better than monolinguals even at tasks that do not require inhibition, like threading a line through an ascending series of numbers scattered randomly on a page.

The key difference between bilinguals and monolinguals may be more basic: a heightened ability to monitor the environment. "Bilinguals have to switch languages quite often - you may talk to your father in one language and to your mother in another language," says Albert Costa, a researcher at the University of Pompeu Fabra in Spain. "It requires keeping track of changes around you in the same way that we monitor our surroundings when driving." In a study comparing German-Italian bilinguals with Italian monolinguals on monitoring tasks, Mr. Costa and his colleagues found that the bilingual subjects not only performed better, but they also did so with less activity in parts of the brain involved in monitoring, indicating that they were more efficient at it.

The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age (and there is reason to believe that it may also apply to those who learn a second language later in life).

In a 2009 study led by Agnes Kovacs of the International School for Advanced Studies in Trieste, Italy, 7-month-old babies exposed to two languages from birth were compared with peers raised with one language. In an initial set of trials, the infants were presented with an audio cue and then shown a puppet on one side of a screen. Both infant groups learned to look at that side of the screen in anticipation of the puppet. But in a later set of trials, when the puppet began appearing on the opposite side of the screen, the babies exposed to a bilingual environment quickly learned to switch their anticipatory gaze in the new direction while the other babies did not.

Bilingualism's effects also extend into the twilight years. In a recent study of 44 elderly Spanish-English bilinguals, scientists led by the neuropsychologist Tamar Gollan of the University of California, San Diego, found that individuals with a higher degree of bilingualism - measured through a comparative evaluation of proficiency in each language - were more resistant than others to the onset of dementia and other symptoms of Alzheimer's disease: the higher the degree of bilingualism, the later the age of onset.

Nobody ever doubted the power of language. But who would have imagined that the words we hear and the sentences we speak might be leaving such a deep imprint?

Correction: March 25, 2012

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In the first task, the children had to sort the shapes by color, placing blue circles in the bin marked with the blue square and red squares in the bin marked with the red circle. Both groups did this with comparable ease.

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Intro. Lingüística Hispánica, Capítulo 8: Español en los Estados Unidos

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Intro. Lingüística Hispánica, Capítulo 8: Español en los Estados Unidos

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Intro. Lingüística Hispánica, Capítulo 7: Variación lingüística en español

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Intro. Lingüística Hispánica, Capítulo 7: Variación lingüística en español

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A veces cuando yo leo (en inglés), veo una ortografía extraña. Centre; labour; o arse. ¿Por qué?

El link explica las palabras de UK que terminan en -our en el UK final en -o en los EE.UU.

Salvador y glamour son las grafías preferidas en ambos lugares.

UK:  colour, honour, favourite
US: color, honor, favorite

Algunas palabras derivadas de Norman que terminan en -re en el Reino Unido terminan en -er en los EE.UU.

UK: centre, theatre
USA: center, theater

Es una diferencia marginal en la ortografía. No es un gran trato.

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While Grammar Slammer was written with American standards of English in mind, it works for virtually all English including that of the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the former and present British Commonwealth.

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El Pop vs Soda website es un proyecto para trazar las variaciones regionales en el uso de los términos "Pop" y "Soda" para describir los refrescos carbonatados. Los resultados muestran que  soda es término costero. Más urbano. Pop es del medio oeste. Más rural. Además, coke es del Sur y Texas.

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To see the responses for "other" in a particular state, click on that state's name. To see all responses for "other", click on "Total".

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He encontrado esta elección 2016 fascinante. Me gustó mucho este video con respecto al Senador Bernie Sanders. El video explica su acento de la ciudad de Nueva York. Los ejemplos de su acento particular están en cómo Bernie cae su "r". Por ejemplo, "pahty" para "party"; "computas" para "computers"; O "Novembah" para "November". El video explica esto es porque los acentos de la ciudad de Nueva York no son rhotic. No pronuncian 'R' antes de las vocales.

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Bernie Sanders' accent, explained Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO This year two major presidential candidates - Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump - speak with a New York City accent. And Queens College linguist Michael Newman thinks it might be good for their brand.

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1. Cuban Spanish 101: Regional Twists, Accents and 23 Slang Words for Havana Nights

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1. Cuban Spanish 101: Regional Twists, Accents and 23 Slang Words for Havana Nights

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En mi experiencia, es difícil entender a los hablantes cubanos. Otros hablantes de español también tienen dificultad para entender a los cubanos algunas veces. Ellos hablan rápido, y son liberales con palabras totalmente pronunciadas. Un ejemplo de este español informal es si una sílaba termina en r o l, el sonido se convierte en el mismo que el primer sonido de la siguiente sílaba. Esto puede sonar confuso, pero es realmente fácil en la práctica. Por ejemplo, Carlitos se convierte en Cal-li-tos.

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Did you learn everything you know about Cuba from "Dirty Dancing 2"?
Fancy learning to chat and move like a real local?

You've come to the right place!

If you consider this Caribbean island to be the capital of dance, you're certainly on to something. Havana is the birthplace of some of the most famous dances and dance is a huge part of Cuban culture. Cha Cha, Mambo, Salsa, Rumba and Bolero were all either created or refined in Cuba, and Havana is also home to the largest ballet school in the world.

But what does this have to do with language learning?

Cuba is a true fusion of African and European influences. It also uses a lot of vibrant slang- slang which you can learn here-making it a wonderful challenge for the more advanced Spanish learner to master and a great introduction to the diversity of the Spanish language for anyone who's traveling to Cuba or who has Cuban friends.

Pronunciation and Speech
Much of Cuban speech can be seen as informal, a feature of most Caribbean Spanish varieties. Here are some of the relaxed pronunciations you might come across:

If a syllable ends in r or l, the sound becomes the same as the first sound of the next syllable. This might sound confusing, but it's a really easy one in practice. For example, Carlitos becomes Cal-li-tos.

If d is at the beginning of a syllable within a word, it might not be said at all, e.g. dedo (finger) is pronounced dé-o.
Provinces and Language Differences
S at the end of a syllable is often aspirated, and occasionally it's omitted altogether.

Pinar del Río - Here you're most likely to hear r become l at the end of a word or syllable, and occasionally the other way around. This can be hard to understand, so you might have to train your ear to it.
Cuban Spanish Grammar
La Habana - Occasionally, speakers may be heard to speak as in Pinar del Río. The rest of the island outside of Havana is also referred to as campa in Havana.

Tú comes before the verb, not after it, in a question.

Mantanzas and Las Villas - These two provinces in the middle of Cuba have no special Cuban dialect.

Camagüey - This place has some of the different vocabulary of the Oriente province but mostly follows the language of the rest of the island. They use balance instead of sillón for "rocking chair" and pluma or llave instead of faucet, which isused on the rest of the island for a tap.

Decir a is used to show the start of an action.

Oriente - The language here is far more similar to Dominican Republic Spanish than the rest of the island. They also have a set of vocabulary words that's different from the rest of the Cuban island. For example, balde instead of cubo for bucket and guineo instead of plátano for banana/plantain. Here the s sound is also most likely to go unaspirated. The unusual intonation of this province may also be the last remnants of the indigenous language.

Para instead of en for saying that someone is somewhere.

Occasionally, r becomes l at the end of a syllable or end of a word.

The phrase ¡Cómo no! (Of course) is ¡Cómo que no! in Cuban Spanish.

Uno (one, number or pronoun) is used instead of the indefinite article una.

Más (more) comes before nada/nadie (nothing) to produce the phrase "nothing else."

Clarito, feo, fuerte and rapidísimo can all be used as adverbs (to describe an action) as well as adjectives (to describe a person or thing.) In European Spanish, each of these adjectives has an alternative equivalent adverb but these aren't used in Cuban Spanish.
Cuban Slang Overview
-ico and -ica are used at the end of words instead of -ito and -ita to indicate a smaller or lesser version. This only applies to words ending in to/ta.

Consonants at the beginnings of syllables are often spoken more softly than usual Spanish pronunciation dictates.

One of the main differences you'll find between Cuban Spanish and general Latin American Spanish is the nasal accent and rhythmic intonation. This is the influence of African settlers on the language and makes it sound very different from most other Spanish varieties.

Cuba has sixteen provinces in modern day. Linguistically speaking, it's less complicated to consider the historical six provinces of Cuba. These are:

There are some elements of Cuban Spanish grammar that are different to European and Latin American Spanish. These are some features you might want to be aware of:

Example: ¿Qué tú haces aquí? (what are you doing here?)

Example: A Juana se la ve en la tienda todos los días. (Juana is seen in the store every day.)

Example: Si el niño dice a crecer, tendremos que comprarle ropa nueva. (If the boy starts to grow, we'll have to buy him new clothes.)

Example: Carmen está para la Habana. (Carmen is in Havana.)

Example: Está uno cansada de tanto hablar. (Is one tired of talking.)

Example: Plato (plate) becomes platico (saucer.)

Cuban slang, much like slang in many other languages, is a vibrant mix of constantly changing words and meanings.

Cuban slang derives some of its influences from African languages and also features quite a lot of anglicisms.

What we'll give you has a splash of everything, and they're all slang words that you might find useful in a Cuban club.

23 Key Cuban Slang Words

1. Absorbente

This is something you might ask for in your mojito. Yep, it's a drinking straw! Pretty easy one to remember-just imagine yourself absorbing your drink through a straw. This is also a great word to practice aspirating your s with.

2. Aguajirarse

Maybe feeling a little aguajirarse (timid) is keeping you off the dance floor? Well, stop being shy and get out there! In typical Cuban style, the j is likely to be pronounced more softly than you'd expect.

Couple of chicos (friendly term for peers) rocking the dance floor? Show your admiration by shouting ¡Alabao!

Always a good idea to take your a mbia (friend) along to a club, for safety as well as fun.

The bachata (party) is where it's at! This word can also be used for noise in a more derogatory way, so watch out for that.

6. Baracutey

If you identify yourself as a baracutey (a person who lives alone) you might not want the party to end if you're going home alone. The r here might become an l in pronunciation.

Make sure you take plenty of baro (money) with you for drinks.

Another word for party, burumba can also mean to have fun. If last night was a burumba, it was a very good night. The r in this can also be pronounced as an l.

If you're looking totally caché (stylish/elegant) then you've done a good job.

10. Candela al jarro

If your dancing isn't quite what you'd like it to be, you must candela al jarro (persevere until you reach your goal).

Music hurting your chola (head)? Time to get a breath of fresh air!

12. Coger un aire

If you're wearing a little dress or a light shirt without a jacket, prepare to coger un aire (going out at night without proper clothing and being pained by the cold)!

13. Dar la punzada del guajiro

Drink your frozen daiquiri too fast and you'll definitely dar la punzada del guajiro (get a brain freeze). Don't fret, just put your tongue on the roof of your mouth and it will go away.

14. Darse tremendo tanganazo

Be careful on the dance floor. It can be easy to darse tremendo tanganazo (bump yourself.) This phrase is a good one to practice leaving the d out on tremendo, Cuban style.

15. De carretilla

Once you've spent enough time on the dance floor, you might know some of the steps de carretilla (by memory).

An obvious anglicism, drinqui (alcoholic drink) has quite a fun and unusual spelling.

17. Echar un tacón

If someone asks, you might like to echar un tacón (to dance).

18. Emperifollado

If you're ready to go out dancing and you're wearing your best clothes, you might say that you're emperifollado (polished up).
Experience Spanish immersion online!
If all that dancing has made you fachao (hungry), it's time to try some Cuban cuisine.

20. Jugar a los bomberos

After dancing all night and starting to ache, you might like to jugar a los bomberos (to take a bath.) This one is very fun to say. Don't forget the Cuban pronunciation of l for the letter r, and be sure to leave out the s in bomberos.

21. Machacar las teclas

It could really get on your nerves if someone were to machacar las teclas (play the piano badly). Tell them to stop or show them how it's done!

If you find that a Cuban party is a vacilón (something you enjoy a lot), then you'll love the rest of Cuban life.

Who cares if you're a zurdo (a really bad dancer.) Get out there and have fun!

Now that you have a vocabulary full of dancing slang and an introduction to general Cuban Spanish, it's time to get practicing!

Get out there, dance, enjoy.

And soak up every bit of Cuban language, culture and party life that you possibly can!

If you liked this post, something tells me that you'll love FluentU, the best way to learn Spanish with real-world videos.

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Havana Nights: The Cuban Spanish Lessons You Need for Authentic Island Fun

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Did you learn everything you know about Cuba from "Dirty Dancing 2"?Fancy learning to chat and move like a real local?You've come to the right place!If you consider this Caribbean island to be the capital of dance, you're certainly on to something. Havana is the birthplace of some of the

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Un eslogan de la campaña de 2008 Obama fue "Yes We Can"

Jon Favreau, ex escritor de discursos de Obama, dijo que prefiere un lenguaje sencillo.

"No es educar al público - es inspirar y persuadir a ellos '', dijo Favreau. "Eso requiere la celebración de la gente donde está, y hablar con palabras que son fácilmente accesibles a la audiencia más amplia posible. Tal vez la más poderosa frase política de inspiración, de la última década más o menos implicados tres de las palabras más sencillas en el idioma Inglés: Sí se Puede"

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4a. La nivel de grado del discurso de los candidatos presidenciales de 2016

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4a. La nivel de grado del discurso de los candidatos presidenciales de 2016

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4a. La nivel de grado del discurso de los candidatos presidenciales de 2016

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4a. La nivel de grado del discurso de los candidatos presidenciales de 2016

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El Globo de Boston revisó el lenguaje utilizado por los 19 candidatos presidenciales, demócratas y republicanos, en los discursos anunciando sus campañas para las elecciones presidenciales de 2016. La revisión, utilizando un algoritmo común llama la prueba de legibilidad de Flesch-Kincaid que cruje selección de palabras y estructura de la oración y escupe clasificación de los niveles de grado, produjo algunos resultados sorprendentes. Los candidatos republicanos - como Trump, así como Ben Carson y John Kasich - que están hablando a un nivel de fácil comprensión para las personas en el extremo inferior del espectro de la educación están superando a sus oponentes highfalutin en las encuestas. un lenguaje más sencillo resuena con una franja más amplia de los votantes en una era de 140 caracteres tweets de Twitter y 10 segundos fragmentos de sonido de televisión, dicen los especialistas en el discurso político. Por cada criterio en el algoritmo, Trump está hablando en el nivel más bajo. Usó un menor número de caracteres por palabra en su discurso de anuncio, un menor número de sílabas por palabra, y sus frases eran más cortos que los otros candidatos.

Su vocabulario está lleno de palabras como "Huge", "Terrible", "Beautiful". Habla en ráfagas garra que carecen de los matices. Todo está agarrada fácilmente, si se trata de su tema de campaña ( "Make América Great Again"), palabras acerca de su riqueza ( "I'm really rich"), o su menosprecio de la cultura de Washington ("Politicians are all talk, no action" ).

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WASHINGTON - When Donald Trump announced his presidential campaign, he decried the lack of intelligence of elected officials in characteristically blunt terms.

"How stupid are our leaders?" he said. "How stupid are they?"

But with his own choice of words and his short, simple sentences, Trump's speech could have been comprehended by a fourth-grader. Yes, a fourth-grader.

The Globe reviewed the language used by 19 presidential candidates, Democrats and Republicans, in speeches announcing their campaigns for the 2016 presidential election. The review, using a common algorithm called the Flesch-Kincaid readability test that crunches word choice and sentence structure and spits out grade-level rankings, produced some striking results.

The Republican candidates - like Trump - who are speaking at a level easily understood by people at the lower end of the education spectrum are outperforming their highfalutin opponents in the polls. Simpler language resonates with a broader swath of voters in an era of 140-character Twitter tweets and 10-second television sound bites, say specialists on political speech.

The Republican presidential frontrunner is everywhere, all the time - with little expense from his campaign.

"There's no time to explain in modern politics,'' said Elvin T. Lim, a professor at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Conn.

Mike Huckabee and Jim Gilmore, who are struggling in the polls, are both spinning sentences above a 10th-grade level, according to the algorithm. Ben Carson, who has surged and maintained a second-place standing in the polls, communicates with voters at a sixth-grade level - despite a medical degree and career as a brain surgeon.

Among Democrats, Hillary Clinton's speeches are just right for eighth-graders; Bernie Sanders's strong critiques of Wall Street and American capitalism are aimed higher, at the 10th grade.

By every criteria in the algorithm, Trump is speaking at the lowest level. He used fewer characters per word in his announcement speech, fewer syllables per word, and his sentences were shorter than all other candidates.

His vocabulary is filled with words like "huge," "terrible," "beautiful." He speaks in punchy bursts that lack nuance. It's all easily grasped, whether it's his campaign theme ("Make America Great Again"), words about his wealth ("I'm really rich"), or his disparagement of the Washington culture ("Politicians are all talk, no action").

He dismisses his opponents with snippy sound bites that, if polls are to be believed, have been devastatingly effective - such as when he labeled Jeb Bush "low-energy."

"Trump is talking about things that are emotional, simple, and angry," said Rick Wilson, a Florida-based Republican consultant. "He's not talking about the complexity of international affairs. It's, 'Let's take their oil!' It doesn't have to be a long, drawn-out exegesis of American foreign policy. It's Trump. It's simple."

The utterances of today's candidates reflect a continued decline in the complexity of political speech. President George Washington's "Farewell Address" in 1796 was written at graduate-degree levels: Grade 17.9 , while President Abraham Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address" in 1863 was at an 11th-grade level.

A 2012 review by the Sunlight Foundation of nearly every statement on the House and Senate floors found that the grade level of speeches from members of Congress had declined, from 11.3 in 1996 to 10.6 in 2012. That review used the same algorithm.

Smart Politics, a nonpartisan site sponsored by the University of Minnesota Humphrey School of Public Affairs, examined presidential State of the Union addresses and found that scores had steadily declined. John F. Kennedy's speech in 1961 was at a Grade 13.9 level, while President Obama's have been aimed at an eighth-grade audience.

And for the record, the article you are reading now was written at a Grade 8.6 level.

"It doesn't matter if you're speaking to a Harvard intellectual or a Midwestern farmer or a motorcycle gang member," said Paul J.J. Payack, president of Global Language Monitor, which analyzes trends and language. "Good communication is good communication. . . . 'I've got a Dream,' all those great speeches are nice, and direct. They use words people understand. They give a big message, but they're not grandiose."

To evaluate the 2016 candidates' speech, the Globe compared the candidate's announcement speeches, providing apples-to-apples analysis.

The transcripts were put through the Flesch-Kincaid readability tests, which were developed by Rudolf Flesch in the 1940s and then modified in the 1970s for the US Navy.

The test gives higher grade levels to those using longer words and longer sentences, which tend to be more complex and require a higher grade level to comprehend.

"It's not necessarily translatable to what makes a great speech," said Eric Ostermeier, a University of Minnesota political professor who runs the Smart Politics site and has used the scores to test various candidates and presidents since 2009. "But it is a rough guide to compare the type of language, the sentence structure, the difficulty of the words."

"I haven't seen a fourth-grade one before," he said of Trump. "But if he was speaking more like politicians, would he be doing as well in the polls? I don't think so."

For political consultants, it can be a battle to get candidates to speak like everyday Americans - and not like politicians.

Jon Favreau, Obama's former speechwriter, said he prefers simple language.

"A leaders' job isn't to educate the public - it's to inspire and persuade them,'' Favreau said. "That requires meeting people where they are, and speaking in words that are easily accessible to the broadest possible audience. Perhaps the most powerful, inspirational political phrase of the last decade or so involved three of the simplest words in the English language: yes we can.''

Chris Lehane, a longtime Democratic strategist, put it this way: "Once you start speaking like someone from Washington, D.C., for a voter it's like you turn on AM when you mean to turn on FM. It's just a different rhythm than what you're looking for.''

"In 2000, there's a lot [of Democrats] who would poke fun at George W. Bush in terms of his speaking style and approach but didn't appreciate that he was an effective communicator," he added. "Because he was connecting with actual voters."

Lim, the Wesleyan professor and author of " The Anti-Intellectual Presidency: The Decline of Presidential Rhetoric from George Washington to George W. Bush," said the current media environment benefits those who speak in pithy sound bites.

"If you think about the tweet, the tweet is short," he said. "The candidate who shows they can punch as much as they can in that short time form gets their message out."

But is that a good thing?

"At some point enough is enough,'' Lim said. "If you continue drawing these lines, you're going to hit comic strip levels. . . . There are real costs to oversimplification."

Matt Viser can be reached at matt.viser@globe.com. Follow him on Twitter @mviser.

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washington metropolitan area transit authority

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For presidential hopefuls, simpler language resonates - The Boston Globe

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WASHINGTON - When Donald Trump announced his presidential campaign, he decried the lack of intelligence of elected officials in characteristically blunt terms. "How stupid are our leaders?" he said. "How stupid are they?" But with his own choice of words and his short, simple sentences, Trump's speech could have been comprehended by a fourth-grader.

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Este artículo es muy interesante. No se ocupa mucho con este capítulo, pero se trata de la lingüística en general. Tuve que incluirlo. Es especialmente interesante dado la noticias de refugiados de Oriente Medio y Syria. Se pone una cara de los refugiados.

El artículo es del estudio de lingüista, Geoffrey Khan, de la Universidad de Cambridge, en los suburbios del norte de Chicago. Chicago es el hogar de decenas de miles de asirios. Son cristianos expulsados ​​de sus tierras de Oriente Medio por la persecución y la guerra.

Arameo, una lengua semítica relacionada con el hebreo y el árabe, era la lengua común de todo el Medio Oriente cuando el Oriente Medio fue el cruce del mundo. Las personas que utilizan para el comercio y el gobierno a través de territorio que se extiende desde Egipto y Tierra Santa a la India y China. Las partes de la Biblia y el Talmud judío se escribieron en ella; el original "escrito en la pared", que presagia la caída de los babilonios, fue compuesto en ella. A medida que Jesús murió en la cruz, exclamó en arameo, "Elahi, Elahi, Lema shabaqtani?" ( "Dios mío, Dios mío, ¿por qué me has abandonado?" "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?")

Sin embargo, el arameo se ha reducido ahora a su última generación o dos de los altavoces, la mayoría de los dispersó durante el siglo pasado a partir de tierras donde floreció una vez que su lengua. En sus nuevas tierras, pocos niños y aún menos nietos aprenden. Esta ruptura generacional marca los últimos días de un idioma. Para los lingüistas de campo como Khan, grabación, "informantes" altavoces de nativos en la jerga - es a la vez un acto de preservación cultural y una investigación acerca de la antigua lenguas cambian y se astilla con el tiempo.

El lenguaje cruzó los labios de los cristianos, judios, mandeos, maniqueos, los musulmanes, los samaritanos, zoroastrianos y paganos.

El lingüista sigue dando vueltas por todo el mundo, grabando arameo.

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Geoffrey Khan is racing to document Aramaic, the language of Jesus, before its native speakers vanish

Smithsonian Magazine |

It was a sunny morning in May, and I was in a car with a linguist and a tax preparer trolling the suburbs of Chicago for native speakers of Aramaic, the 3,000-year-old language of Jesus.

The linguist, Geoffrey Khan of the University of Cambridge, was nominally in town to give a speech at Northwestern University, in Evanston. But he had another agenda: Chicago's northern suburbs are home to tens of thousands of Assyrians, Aramaic-speaking Christians driven from their Middle Eastern homelands by persecution and war. The Windy City is a heady place for one of the world's foremost scholars of modern Aramaic, a man bent on documenting all of its dialects before the language-once the tongue of empires-follows its last speakers to the grave.

The tax preparer, Elias Bet-shmuel, a thickset man with a shiny pate, was a local Assyrian who had offered to be our sherpa. When he burst into the lobby of Khan's hotel that morning, he announced the stops on our two-day trek in the confidential tone of a smuggler inventorying the contents of a shipment.

"I got Shaqlanaye, I have Bebednaye." He was listing immigrant families by the names of the northern Iraqi villages whose dialects they spoke. Several of the families, it turned out, were Bet-shmuel's clients.

As Bet-shmuel threaded his Infiniti sedan toward the nearby town of Niles, Illinois, Khan, a rangy 55-year-old, said he was on safari for speakers of "pure" dialects: Aramaic as preserved in villages, before speakers left for big, polyglot cities or, worse, new countries. This usually meant elderly folk who had lived the better part of their lives in mountain enclaves in Iraq, Syria, Iran or Turkey. "The less education the better," Khan said. "When people come together in towns, even in Chicago, the dialects get mixed. When people get married, the husband's and wife's dialects converge."

We turned onto a grid of neighborhood streets, and Bet-shmuel announced the day's first stop: a 70-year-old widow from Bebede who had come to Chicago just a decade earlier. "She is a housewife with an elementary education. No English."

Khan beamed. "I fall in love with these old ladies," he said.

***

Aramaic, a Semitic language related to Hebrew and Arabic, was the common tongue of the entire Middle East when the Middle East was the crossroads of the world. People used it for commerce and government across territory stretching from Egypt and the Holy Land to India and China. Parts of the Bible and the Jewish Talmud were written in it; the original "writing on the wall," presaging the fall of the Babylonians, was composed in it. As Jesus died on the cross, he cried in Aramaic, " Elahi, Elahi, lema shabaqtani?" ("My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?")

But Aramaic is down now to its last generation or two of speakers, most of them scattered over the past century from homelands where their language once flourished. In their new lands, few children and even fewer grandchildren learn it. (My father, a Jew born in Kurdish Iraq, is a native speaker and scholar of Aramaic; I grew up in Los Angeles and know just a few words.) This generational rupture marks a language's last days. For field linguists like Khan, recording native speakers-"informants," in the lingo-is both an act of cultural preservation and an investigation into how ancient languages shift and splinter over time.

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Smithsonian Magazine | It was a sunny morning in May, and I was in a car with a linguist and a tax preparer trolling the suburbs of Chicago for native speakers of Aramaic, the 3,000-year-old language of Jesus. The linguist, Geoffrey Khan of the University of Cambridge, was nominally in town to give a speech at Northwestern University, in Evanston.

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Esta broma es divertido debido a la semántica de ella. ¿A quién "ella" se refiere a? Cuando el primer clérigo pregunta acerca de "ella", él quiere decir la esposa de otro clérigo; sin embargo, "ella" también se puede interpretar como la esposa del primer clérigo. El segundo clérigo necesita saber qué "ella" el primer clérigo se refiere a antes de que pueda responder a la pregunta - que es la broma..

Linguistic humor, Premarital sex

Source: John Allen Paulos. 1992. Beyond numeracy. Vintage Books. 114.

Two clergymen were discussing the sad state of sexual morality. "I didn't sleep with my wife before we were married," one of them declared self-righteously. "Did you?" "I'm not sure," said the other. "What was her maiden name?"

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Esta broma es divertido debido a lo siguiente: no se puede decir un doble positivo para indicar un negativo en teoría. "Yeah, right." Uno puede interpretarse como una afirmación; sin embargo, claramente en la broma, se puede interpretar de una manera sarcástica. Por lo tanto, un doble positivo, en realidad, puede indicar un negativo debido al acto pragmático de sarcasmo comunicación.

Linguistic humor, Double positive

Source: Christine Santorini Biser and Bob Julia

An MIT linguistics professor was lecturing his class the other day. "In English," he said, "a double negative forms a positive. However, in some languages, such as Russian, a double negative remains a negative. But there isn't a single language, not one, in which a double positive can express a negative."

A voice from the back of the room piped up, "Yeah, right."

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Tengo un sueño es un gran título. Clara, breve y sencilla. Todo, incluyendo niños pequeños, se puede entenderlo. MLK repite la pequeña frase una y otra vez. Se lleva a casa el punto.

" Todavía tengo un sueño. Es un sueño profundamente enraizado en el sueño americano.

Tengo un sueño: que un día esta nación se pondrá en pie y realizará el verdadero significado de su credo: “Sostenemos que estas verdades son evidentes por sí mismas: que todos los hombres han sido creados iguales”.

Tengo un sueño: que un día sobre las colinas rojas de Georgia los hijos de quienes fueron esclavos y los hijos de quienes fueron propietarios de esclavos serán capaces de sentarse juntos en la mesa de la fraternidad.

Tengo un sueño: que un día incluso el estado de Mississippi, un estado sofocante por el calor de la injusticia, sofocante por el calor de la opresión, se transformará en un oasis de libertad y justicia.

Tengo un sueño: que mis cuatro hijos vivirán un día en una nación en la que no serán juzgados por el color de su piel sino por su reputación.

Tengo un sueño hoy. "

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i have a dream - Martin Luther King (subtitulos en español)

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4b: Datos del Censo 2015 en los Estados Unidos de Cultura Población

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4b: Datos del Censo 2015 en los Estados Unidos de Cultura Población

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Datos de los estadounidenses mayores de 25 años en 2015: 88.4% tiene GED o Primera Grado Escuela; 32.5% tiene un grado de licenciatura; 12% tiene avanzado grado o más.

El punto de estos datos es mostrar que cuando se comunica a un nivel de masa - que sería prudente para hablar en la forma más sencilla y clara de manera que se puede.

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4. 2016 ELECCIÓN: Cómo comunicar a un nivel de Masa

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4. 2016 ELECCIÓN: Cómo comunicar a un nivel de Masa

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Debido a la increíble cantidad de interés esta elección ha traído, una perspectiva lingüística de la forma de comunicarse en un nivel tan masivo es que vale la pena. Creo que al hablar en la forma más simple es el más eficaz.

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La pragmática es el estudio del significado lingüístico tomando en cuenta el contexto discursivo y la situacion del acto de comunicacion.

La semántica es el estudio del significado lingüístico de las palabras, frases y oraciones.

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Desde nuestra mirada a la comunicación de mensajes de texto. Este sitio nos da una gran diccionario del lenguaje urbano. Lenguaje urbano incluye gramática del internet, el idioma de mensajes de texto, palabras vulgares, palabras regulares argot de la calle, y las palabras no aprobados del diccionario que se comunican de los jóvenes y los adultos jóvenes. He aprendido el significado de varios términos (los dicen en una manera cariñosa) mi padre ecuatoriano y sus hermanos se llaman entre sí en sus conversaciónes.

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AsiHablamos.com - El Diccionario Latinoamericano

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Un diccionario latinoamericano divertido y necesario, escrito por ti, por mi, por todos nosotros, para conocer el español diverso de Latino América. Esta es tu oportunidad para describir tu país y Latino América con tus propias palabras.

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Intro. Lingüística Hispánica, Capítulo 6: El estudio del significado: semantica y pragmatica 

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Intro. Lingüística Hispánica, Capítulo 6: El estudio del significado: semantica y pragmatica 

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4. Palabras en español con raíces latinas

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4. Palabras en español con raíces latinas

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Estas son las palabras en español con origen latino. Cada palabra contiene una raíz latina, y tiene una palabra similar en Inglés.

Por ejemplo: escribir - de la raíz latina "scrib" (escritura); palabras similares son "script" y "scrivener".

Otro: saludo - de la raíz latina "salu"; palabras similares son "salutation" and "salute".

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Spanish Word Etymology #1 Flashcards | Quizlet

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Etymology collected from Spanish I Learn with flashcards, games, and more - for free.

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El Decreto de la Alhambra o Edicto de Granada fue un decreto editado en la Alhambra el 31 de marzo de 1492, por los reyes recién llamados Reyes Católicos, Fernando II de Aragón e Isabel I de Castilla, en el cual se obliga a todos los judíos de la península Ibérica a convertirse al catolicismo o ser expulsados, con término el 31 de julio de 1492.

Es un documento eficaz para analizar la evolución de la española de 1492 a hoy.

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La Alhambra de Granada: Información, entradas, visitas guiadas, horarios y precios.

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2. 10 Palabras españolas con el árabe origen

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2. 10 Palabras españolas con el árabe origen

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En 711 C. E., los ejércitos árabes comenzaron la conquista de la Península Ibérica. Con la conquista, los hispanomusulmanes, como se les llama en español, trajeron su idioma. Con el tiempo, las expresiones árabes mezclados con el viejo vocabulario español para convertirse en el dialecto español que la mayoría de los países de habla hispana utilizan hoy en día. Este enlace da 10 palabras de origen árabe en español:

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In 711 C.E., Arab armies began the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. With the conquest, the , or Moors, brought with them their Arabic architecture, art, and of course, language. Over time, Arabic expressions mixed with old Spanish vocabulary to become the Spanish dialect that most Spanish-speaking countries use today: , or Castilian Spanish.

Even after ( the Catholic king and queen) Ferdinand and Isabel expelled the Arab empire from the Spanish kingdom in 1492, Castilian Spanish has retained approximately 8,000 words with Arabic origin to this day. After Latin, Arabic has made the greatest contribution to the Spanish language.

Traveling through Spain, it is almost impossible to avoid the name of a place or region that is derived from Arabic. To name just a few:

Something interesting to note about this map is that the majority of the Spanish locations derived from Arabic are limited to the central and southern regions of the country, representative of how deep the Arab culture had set its roots into the culture of the peninsula. The Arabic influence on the Spanish language extends past the names of modern cities and regions. Perhaps the easiest way to see this influence in Spanish is in the simple words spoken every day. Here's a list of some of our favorite Spanish words with Arabic origin:

One of the most well-known words to come from Arabic, means hopefully in English and comes from the Arabic expression: "ma sha allah" which means should God will it. Remember that is a conjunction that can often, but doesn't need to be, used with .

This next word, , is interesting because the word itself is derived from the Spanish expression , but in fact is phonetically similar to the Arabic word for doctor/professor: "ustadh". In Spanish, is a pronoun that denotes formality and is typically used when we are addressing someone in formal situations.

Meaning until in English, comes from the Arabic word "hata", which is a preposition with essentially the same meaning as hasta.

Definitely the sweetest word on this list, , meaning sugar in English followed along the silk road and originates directly from the Arabic word "as-sukkar".

From the Arabic word, "zayt", aceite translates to oil in English - not the fossil fuel, but the delicious liquid that comes from olives, almonds, and more.

Meaning pillow in English, originates from the Andalusian Arabic word "mijadda", which became "al-mujadda" in Andalusian Arabic (the Arabic of the Iberian Peninsula) and means "cushion" or "pillow". The Arabic root of this word is "jadd", which can mean ( side) or ( cheek) in Arabic.

, which translates to neighborhood in English, comes from the Arabic word, "barri", which refers to the outer limits of a city. If you visit certain Spanish cities like , , or , you'll immediately notice a , or city wall, that separates the inner city from the neighborhoods on the outskirts. The hispanomusulmanes were meticulous about urban planning and specifically designed their cities to have specific barrios for the various religious and cultural communities living within them.

, or chess, is a popular game that was brought to the Iberian Peninsula by the Moors when they arrived in the year 711. is a sport that has its roots embedded deep in the ancient Asian cultures, and the word came to the hispanomusulmanes through the Medieval Persian word "ash-shantranj". When it was first adopted into Castilian Spanish, it was actually spelled , and over time the and became j and , respectively.

, meaning assassin in English, has a surprising etymology. The word originally comes from one addicted to hashish, as a term derived by the Christians during the Crusades to demonize a certain Muslim sect that would, according to the Crusaders, become intoxicated from hashish and murder Christian leaders. Our English word, assassin, has the same etymology, although it came into our language from old French.

Over the centuries, the Arab culture has made invaluable contributions to the advancement of human civilization. Giant leaps of thinking in medicine, astronomy, and mathematics were made by early Muslim scientists and mathematicians. It's no wonder, then, that many of the Spanish words in these fields are derived from . , or algebra in English, is no exception. This word comes from the Arabic "al-jebr", literally, the reunion of broken parts, a term coined in the book, "Rules of Reintegration and Reduction" by the famed Muslim mathematician and astronomer, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi.

As you can see, each word of Arabic origin has a rich history that sheds light on how los hispanomusulmanes shaped the Spanish culture and language. Below you'll find a list of even more Spanish words that have their origins in Arabic.

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Spanish Words of Arabic Origin | SpanishDict

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In 711 C.E., Arab armies began the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. With the conquest, the , or Moors, brought with them their Arabic architecture, art, and of course, language. Over time, Arabic expressions mixed with old Spanish vocabulary to become the Spanish dialect that most Spanish-speaking countries use today: , or Castilian Spanish.

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Este video detalla la importancia de la lengua española en el mundo globalizado. Se comparte que el español es un idioma oficial en 21 países, la gradualidad de los Estados Unidos convertirse en un país bilingüe, y en 2050, 900 millones de personas hablará español. Eso es el 10% de la población mundial.

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Intro. Lingüística Hispánica, Capítulo 5: Historia de la lengua

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Intro. Lingüística Hispánica, Capítulo 5: Historia de la lengua

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La descompostura:

Los niños pequeños estudian pocas horas. Esto es la oración.

"lo niños pequeños" es la sintagma nominal. La sintagma nominal es de un determinante (los), el nominal (niños), y un adjetivo (pequeños).

"estudian pocas horas" es la sintagma verbal. La sintagma verbal es el verbo (estudian) y la sintagma nominal. Esto sintagma nominal es "pocas horas". "pocas" es el adjectivo y "horas" es el nominal.

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Esta imágen se da ejemplos de los diversos usos de 'se' en español. 'Se' puede sustituirse por 'le'. Se puede si es necesario que aparezca sea "lo, la, los, o las".

"se la di (le di la llave)"

"Se se puede utilizar de una manera reflexiva. Esto es, si el agente del verbo se utiliza la acción del verbo en sí mismo.

"Alejandro se afieta."

'Sí' se puede utilizar de una manera enfatica. No es neccessario, pero se puede hacer énfasis

"se gastó $500 anoche"

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La sintaxis estudia dos formas de la oración: la oración simple y la oración compleja. La oración es la construcción lingüística que expresa un pensamiento. Se diferencia de una frase. Una oración siempre incluye un verbo. Una frase no lo hace. Por ejemplo, Alejandro siempre hace un bien trabajo en sus pruebas. Esto es una oración. "En sus pruebas" no tiene un verbo y es una frase.

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1. La contribución de Chomsky a la ciencia del lenguaje

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1. La contribución de Chomsky a la ciencia del lenguaje

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1. "Mike Pence y su pareja de baile, Hillary Clinton, competirán en el 2018 Baile de las Estrellas en Marte." Esta es una frase que nunca ha oído antes. Usted entiende porque la productividad. Productividad es la capacidad del cerebro para comprender frases nuevas.

2. "El hipopótamo sarcástica Orlando canta con destornillador ".  "Con hablar Natalie fuego cruijiente canta". El cerebro entiende la primera frase, mientras raro, se conforma al sintaxis española. Se entiende la segunda frase no lo hace, y es ensalada de palabras.

3. Los frases "hipopótamo sarcástica" o "canta con destornillador" tienen probabilies transiciónes cerca de 0%. Sin embargo, todavía se pueden entender las frases. Eso muestra que la sintaxis no consiste en la asociación lineal.

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Intro. Lingüística Hispánica, Capítulo 4: Sintaxis

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Intro. Lingüística Hispánica, Capítulo 4: Sintaxis

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Avatar de James Cameron (2009) creó un lenguaje para las personas Navi de la película. Los verbos Navi consiguen sílabas insertados en ellos para dar significado del verbo. verbos Na'vi pueden marcar para tenso como inglés. Se distingue el pasado reciente del pasado en general, y la casi desde el futuro en general. Ambas formas de tiempos futuros marcan una predicción sobre un evento futuro.

Aquí está el ejemplo que dan:

Oe k‹ìy›ä. Estoy a punto de ir, voy a ir pronto.
Po k‹ay›ä. El va a ir.
Oe p‹ìm›ähem. He llegado.
Fo p‹am›ähem. Ellos llegaron.

Navi hace una distinción en el tiempo futuro con intención. Si uno dice que tienen la intención de provocar un estado futuro de los asuntos, en lugar de una predicción sobre dichos asuntos futuros, se utilizan formas ligeramente diferentes futuro con una 's'.

Oe k‹ìsy›ä. Voy a ir pronto.
Oe kä. Iré.

Aquí está mi ejemplo de una declaración futuro:

Oe f<iy>rìp kewong.

Estoy a apunto de morder el extraterrestre.

Oe f<ay>rip kewong. Voy a morder el extraterrestre (predicción)
Po f<ay>rip kewong. El va a morder el extraterrestre.

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A Taste of Na'vi Grammar

This page is a bird's eye view of Na'vi grammar. It's just to give you a feel for how Na'vi works, focusing on things that are probably unusual to most readers. It will not teach you the language. If you want to learn more you should check out the many resources offered here at LearnNavi.org

Tripartite

In English, we mark the role a noun is playing in a sentence by word order. A sentence like a dog bites the man is quite a different state of affairs from the man bites a dog. In Na'vi, the role a noun or pronoun plays in the sentence is marked by changing the ending of the word rather than by word order.

Nantangìl frìp tutet.
Frìp tutet nantangìl.
Tutet nantangìl frìp.

Each of the sentences above mean the same thing, a viperwolf bites the person. We know this because the subject of each sentence, the viperwolf ( nantang), is marked with the ending -ìl; and the direct object, the person ( tute) is marked with the ending -t.

These endings, called "cases," are fairly common in Human languages, too. What is more unusual, though, is that in Na'vi the subject of a transitive verb, such as frìp to bite, is marked differently than the subject of an intransitive verb, such as hahaw to sleep.

Nantangìl frìp tutet. The viperwolf bites a person.
Nantang hahaw. The viperwolf sleeps.

Here you will notice that the subject of an intransitive verb gets no ending at all. In Human languages, this separate marking of transitive subjects, intransitive subjects and direct objects is quite rare, and is known as a tripartite case alignment.

There are other case endings for different syntactic roles in Na'vi, for possession, for indirect objects and for topics. The forms of the endings change according to both fixed sound rules and style. See one of the fuller references for all the forms that can appear.

Dual, Trial and Plural

In English, nouns and pronouns can be either singular ( house, dog, I) or plural ( houses, dogs, we). Na'vi has these, but also has the dual for when there are two of something and the trial for when there are three. Plenty of Human languages have a dual (even English once had dual pronouns), but the trial is rarer.

In Na'vi these changes in number are marked with prefixes.

Nantang hahaw. A viperwolf is sleeping.
Menantang hahaw. Two viperwolves are sleeping.
Pxenantang hahaw. Three viperwolves are sleeping.
Aynantang hahaw. Viperwolves (four or more) are sleeping.

Certain consonants undergo a change called "lenition" when they follow a number prefix. For example, the word tute person becomes in the dual, with the t at the beginning of the word becoming s from lenition. When a word takes the plural prefix ay- and starts with consonant that can take lenition, the plural prefix can be dropped, leaving only the consonant change to let you know the word is plural. So, the plural of person can be aysute, but is far more often simply sute.

Pronouns as well as nouns distinguish dual, trial and plural forms:

Mefoti yìm. Bind (the two of) them!

There is an additional subtlety in the first person non-singular pronouns, we. Na'vi distinguishes inclusive we - me and you from exclusive we - me and some other people but not you. So for example, the dual inclusive form is oeng me and you and the exclusive is moe we two (but not you).

The Verb

The verb is perhaps the most complex part of Na'vi grammar, not only because of the different ways its meaning can be extended, changed and refined, but also because the form these changes take: infixes. Rather than adding to the beginning or end of words, such as the noun case and number markers, Na'vi verbs get syllables inserted into them to express different grammatical ideas and to extend the meaning of the verb. For clarification, infixes can be highlighted with angled brackets around them, as in, for example, ‹ìm›, the near past marker.

Na'vi verbs can be marked for tense, which will be very familiar to speakers of European languages, including English. What is less familiar to anyone who hasn't studied, say, Native American Indian languages, is that Na'vi doesn't simply mark past and future, but distinguishes the recent past from the general past, and the near from the general future. Both of these future tense forms mark a prediction about a future event.

Oe k‹ìy›ä. I am about to go, I will go soon.
Po k‹ay›ä. He will go.
Oe p‹ìm›ähem. I just arrived.
Fo p‹am›ähem. They arrived.

Na'vi makes another distinction in the future tense: intent. If the speaker wishes to say that they have an intention to bring about a future state of affairs, rather than a prediction about said future affairs, then slightly different future forms with an s are used.

Oe k‹ìsy›ä. I will go soon.

Oe k<asy>ä I will go.

In addition to the tense infixes there are aspect infixes. Verb aspect will be unfamilar to most readers, but has to do with how an action is presented in relation to other events. The imperfective aspect is used to describe an action that is ongoing, while the perfect presents an act as a complete whole. Typically, the imperfective, ‹er›, sets the background scene in a narrative, and the perfective, ‹ol›, presents snapshots of events taking place against that background. Na'vi is much more likely to mark aspect than tense.

Mì na'ring po t‹er›ìran a krr, ts‹ol›e'a nantangit.
When he was walking in the forest, he saw a viperwolf.

If both tense and aspect need to be mentioned Na'vi has blended affixes which combine tense and aspect marking, such as ‹alm› for the past perfective. There are quite a few of these blends. Fortunately, the full complement of tense and aspect infixes will rarely be seen in a verb. Once a tense, aspect or affect has been established, there is no need to keep repeating the marking on subsequent verbs.

Na'vi also has a set of infixes which mark how the speaker feels about the state of affairs they are describing. For example, the infix ‹ei› indicates the speaker feels good about what they're saying, while ‹äng› means they're unhappy.

Ngaru irayo s‹eiy›i oe. I thank you (and am happy to).
Kxawm oe h‹arm›ah‹äng›aw. Maybe I was sleeping (and am unhappy about that)

The same position used for these affect infixes is also used for markers of evidence and formality. For the full rules about which sort of infixes go where, and what they do, please see one of the larger references.

Flexible Word Order

As hinted at in the discussion on noun cases, Na'vi word order can be very flexible because the case endings let us know who's doing what to whom. Since word order generally isn't needed for syntax, Na'vi uses it for style and emphasis. For example, Frommer has said that the end of the sentence is "where the 'punch' is," making it like English and Latin in putting emphasis at the end of a phrase.

However, though the order of subjects, verbs and objects is free, within noun phrases Na'vi word order is more strict. For example, an adjective that's modifying a noun has to stay right next to the noun, to which it is connected by attaching an a to the adjective on the side closest to the noun.

Although we can shuffle around oel and tse'a, the words tsawl large and tute person must stay next to each other. If we want to say a very large person we must make sure that very does not intrude between the noun and adjective.

References

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This page is a bird's eye view of Na'vi grammar. It's just to give you a feel for how Na'vi works, focusing on things that are probably unusual to most readers. It will not teach you the language.

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En clase, apredimos las diferencias entre imperfecto y pretérito. Por ejemplo, si una historia usa el pretérito para un perro, esto es mala noticias para el perro. Este video da ejemplos de verbos como aprender o saber. Aprender es casi siempe esta en el pretérito porque es un accion final. Saber es casi siempre esta en el imperfecto porque es un accion sin tiempo.

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Spanish Past Tense: Preterite Vs. Imperfect, One More Thing

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En clase, Prof. Kelm mencionó hipocoristicos. Un hipocorístico es una versión abreviada del nombre de uno. La abreviatura es orgánico. Por ejemplo, Rafael se convierte a Rafa o Teresa se convierte a Tere. Esos hipocoristicos tienen sentido: Rafa viene de la lengua más rápido que Rafael. Una hipocorístico que deja las lingüistas confundidos es Francisco y Paco / Pancho. Encontré un teoría del Internet indica que el nombre Francisco estaba asociado con Santo Francisco de Asissi. Fue el padre de la Comunidad (PA-CO). En mi opinión, Francisco es demasiado largo de un nombre. Simplemente diciendo "Co" es demasiado pequeño de nombre, por lo que se añadió "pa". PACO!

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There is a funny little thing going on with names here. It seems there is a bit of an obsession with making and using nicknames. In my whole life in Norway I have never had a nickname. Here, I have 4 different names, in addition to my real name. That's 5 names made out of my 8 character long name. I am impressed!

It seems it's very common. People just make up new names for people, nicknames, shorter versions. I'll throw in some examples for you to see what I mean.

Concepcion ->Concha / Cochita

Manuel -> Manu / Manolo / Lolo (¿?)

...well I guess you get the picture.

But what I find really interesting and fascinating are the other names. The ones that change completely and seem to have nothing to do with the original name. For instance the male name Francisco. Most Francisco's will also be called Paco! It took me quite some time before I realized that Paco was not the "real" name, I didn't know it actually came from Francisco and that was the real name. Same thing happens with Jose, most Jose's will also be called Pepe! I didn't know why this is, but I found it so fascinating I had to find out.

So I started digging, and it seems that Jose comes from Padre Putativo, father of Jesus, Jose de Nazaret. Padre P utativo was abbreviated P.P., which made Jose become Pepe. ( How you pronounce PP in Spanish.) I knew there had to be some kind of explanation to this! This is just the history though, I don't think Pepe is used with a biblical hint these days..

I also found an explanation for the Francisco/Paco-situation. San Francisco de Asis (Francis of Assisi, in English) was called Pater Comunitas / Padre de la comunidad. Paco comes from PAter CO munitas.

If these are the correct reasons, I have no idea, but at least I got an explanation to a phenomenon I found most strange. Thus far, I have only found these two "strange" name abbreviations. Maybe there are more? Feel free to share with me in the comment section if you know more about this!

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There is a funny little thing going on with names here. It seems there is a bit of an obsession with making and using nicknames. In my whole life in Norway I have never had a nickname. Here, I have 4 different names, in addition to my real name.

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Palabras compuestas son la combinación de las dos palabras simples. Este artículo da 20 ejemplos. Ellos son: baloncesto (balon + cesto); tocadiscos (toca + disco); abrelatas (abre+latas); rascacielos (rasca+cielos); coliflor (coli+flor); paraguas (par+aguas); parabrisas (para+brisas); quitamanchas (quita+manchas); rompecabezas (rompe+cabezas); mediodia (medio+dia); bienvenida (bien+venida); quehaceres (que+haceres); pararrayos (par+arrayos); aeropuerto (aero+puerto); ciempies (ciem+pies); fotografia (foto+grafia); lavaplatos (lava+platos); motocicleta (moto+cicleta); telefono (tele + fono); videojuegos (video + juegos). Quehaceres y Quitamanchas son mis favoritos.

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Palabras Compuestas

Las palabras compuestas son aquellas palabras que se forman a partir de la unión de dos o más palabras simples. Ej. girasol, abre latas.

Pueden ser de dos maneras:

¿Cómo se forman?

Las palabras compuestas se pueden agrupar de la siguiente manera:

Sustantivo más sustantivo: bocacalle, telaraña.

Verbo más sustantivo: abrelatas, girasol.

Verbo más verbo: vaivén, correveidile.

Pronombre más verbo: cualquiera, quienquiera.

Sustantivo más adjetivo: camposanto, pelirroja.

Adjetivo más adjetivo: bienvenido, agridulce.

Sustantivo más verbo: maniatar, hispanohablante.

Imagen útil con más palabras compuestas

Oraciones con palabras compuestas

Ya habiéndote dato muchos ejemplos de esta clase de palabras, ahora te ofrecemos algunas oraciones que las incluyan:

1. Baloncesto: "Mi primo no pudo ir a la fiesta porque mañana tiene la final del torneo de baloncesto".

2. Tocadiscos: "Revolví el garaje de mi abuela y encontré este viejo tocadiscos".

3. Abrelatas: "Nos olvidamos el abrelatas así que tuvimos que usar un cuchillo para poder comer lo que habíamos llevado".

4. Rascacielos: "Me encanta Nueva York. Está llena de rascacielos por todas partes".

5. Coliflor: "El olor viene de la cocina. Mi mamá está preparando un plato con coliflor".

6. Paraguas: "En la radio dijeron que iba a llover, así que llevate el paraguas".

7. Parabrisas: "El auto está en el taller porque ayer se me rompió el parabrisas como consecuencia del granizo que cayó".

8. Quitamanchas: "¿Tendrás un quitamanchas? Acabo de volcarme café en la camisa".

9. Rompecabezas: "Hay que tener mucha paciencia para hacer ese rompecabezas. Tiene dos mil piezas".

10. Mediodía: "Te conviene ir al mediodía al banco, siempre está vacío".

11. Bienvenida: "Le dimos la bienvenida a mi hermano después de que haya estado un año afuera del país por trabajo".

12. Quehaceres: "Odio hacer los quehaceres de mi casa los sábados a la mañana".

13. Pararrayos: "Si el edificio no hubiese tenido pararrayos, podría haber ocurrido una tragedia".

14. Aeropuerto: "Te vas a tener que tomar un taxi cuando llegues. El aeropuerto está en las afueras de la ciudad".

15. Ciempiés: "En ése dibujito animado el protagonista es un ciempiés".

16. Fotografía: "El mes que viene comienzo un curso de fotografía en la facultad, ¿Querés anotarte?".

17. Lavaplatos: "Para el día de la madre le regalamos un lavaplatos nuevo a mi abuela".

18. Motocicleta: "Mi tío es el que está apoyado en la motocicleta roja".

19. Teléfono: "La llamé por teléfono para invitarla, pero no la encontré".

20. Videojuegos: "Me encantaría que en el trabajo me dejaran jugar a los videojuegos cuando no tengo nada que hacer".

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Las palabras compuestas son aquellas palabras que se forman a partir de la unión de dos o más palabras simples. Ej. girasol, abre latas. Pueden ser de dos maneras: Las palabras compuestas se pueden agrupar de la siguiente manera: Sustantivo más sustantivo: bocacalle, telaraña. Verbo más sustantivo: abrelatas, girasol.

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0:38 - 0:43 Mourar dijo "Plato o Plomo" con un fuerte acento brasileño. La comparación colombianos hacen de esta línea es imaginar un actor americano del sur seindo Sherlock Holmes.

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Narcos - Pablo Escobar: 'Yo soy Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria' - 'Plata.. o plomo?'

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http://adf.ly/1S30rc All rights reserved. ™ & © Netflix, Inc. Hey, I have also a youtube channel in which I make product reviews and unboxing! Check out: http://adf.ly/1OfXy4 Pablo Escobar: "Yo soy Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria. Mis ojos están en todos lados. Uds.

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El artículo detalla la reacción en la Columbia de Narcos. El acento del actor no satisface muchos columbianos. Esto da una idea de los retos de Hollywood en apaciguar a un público global.

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The Netflix drama Narcos has won critical acclaim for its unflinching depiction of the rise and fall of Pablo Escobar, and its generally sympathetic depiction of the police officers and politicians who dared to take on the world's most famous drug lord.

The documentary-style series was praised as " devastatingly addictive" by the Telegraph, while Slate called it " exactly the portrayal of the drug war we needed", and the Hollywood Reporter mused that it could be the " critically acclaimed international breakthrough " that Netflix has long sought.

But the reception has been much cooler in Colombia, where audiences have been bemused by the stars' ropey accents, irritated by its portrayal of the country's recent history, and - in some cases - simply bored by yet another narco-drama.

Much of the show's dialogue is in Spanish, but the cast has been drawn from across North and South America, and the actors' attempts to adopt a Colombian accent have not always been successful.

Colombian audiences have been irritated and amused by the show's hodgepodge of accents. A character based on Escobar's wife is played by Paulina Gaitán (Mexican) , his partner Gonzalo Rodríguez Gacha by Luís Guzmán (Puerto Rican), while his rival Jorge Ochoa is played by André Mattos (Brazilian).

Escobar himself is played by Brazilian actor Warner Moura, who speaks with a distinctly Brazilian accent - unforgivable for Colombians who expected to hear the distinctive lilt of the people of Antioquia, known as Paisas.

To a non-native speaker, the accents may not make a difference: the actors speak Spanish and you can read the subtitles. But many Colombians have felt their teeth set on edge by the sound of Escobar offering the choice of " plata o plomo" - silver or lead - with a strong Brazilian accent.

"It's like having someone with a strong southern American accent play Sherlock Holmes," said Orlando González, a Bogotá interior designer who watched the first episode.

Tamara Cervantes (@tamaraaax0)
Is it only me or does it bother anyone else that the guy that plays Pablo Escobar in Narcos has a fake ass Colombian accent...

Stephy Camila (@Stephy_Camiii)
If you're Colombian and you're ok with Pablo's accent in Narcos then I don't wanna know you 😂😴

The decision to have Spanish-speakers in the show speak Spanish came three months before the first shoot, and Moura is reported to have moved to Medellín in order to perfect his accent.

Colombian TV critic Omar Rincón was unconvinced by the result. "He tries hard but neither his role not his accent are similar to Escobar or other local narcos," Rincón wrote in a review of the series, which he concludes offers a worldview not far from that of US presidential candidate Donald Trump.

"Narcos is the Miami and US vision of NarColombia - something like Trump's idea of us: the good guys are the gringos ... and the narcos are comically dysfunctional or primitives with bad taste."

"Narcos may do well outside Colombia," he concludes. "But here it produces anger and laughter."

Many Colombians say they are simply fed up of yet another semi-fictional retread of the country's bloody and painful recent past. Narco-soap operas have become a staple genre of television production in the country, detailing the ins and outs of the drug trade.

Previous series have included El Capo and "El Patrón del Mal (The Boss of Evil") a 2012 Telemundo production which starred Colombian actor Andrés Parra, as a thoroughly convincing Escobar (and is also available on Netflix).

Paula Benítez, a chemical engineer, says she's had enough and has no interest in seeing Narcos. "They're all sort of the same and show the ugliest part of our country," she says. "I'd rather watch something more uplifting."
Topics

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Narcos is a hit for Netflix but iffy accents grate on Colombian ears

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The Netflix drama Narcos has won critical acclaim for its unflinching depiction of the rise and fall of Pablo Escobar, and its generally sympathetic depiction of the police officers and politicians who dared to take on the world's most famous drug lord.

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Este artículo es de la página del Prof. Kelm. Promueve la conciencia fonológica. Yo no sabía ninguno de fonológica antes de leyiendo el artículo. Un fonema, como un átomo en la vida y la biología, es la unidad más pequeña y la más básica de una palabra hablada. El foco de la conciencia fonológica es estrecho: identificar y manipular los sonidos individuales en las palabras. Este enfoque será útil al escribir transcripciones fonéticas. Debe sondear cada parte de la palabra hablada.

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A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in a spoken word that makes a difference in the word's meaning. Phonemic awareness is an integral part of learning to read.

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Este video es muy útil en la comprensión de diptongos. Diptongos son combinaciones de vocales. Vocales fuertes son a, e, & o. Vocales débiles son i & u. Un diptongo nunca es una combinación de dos vocales fuertes. Cualquier combinación de dos vocales fuertes formaría sílabas separadas. Los catorce combinaciones posibles son diptongo ai, au, ei, eu, oi, ou, ia, ua, es decir, ue, io, uo, ui, ui y. Ejemplos para cada combinación son aire, auto, veinte, europa, hoy (el sonido de oi), estadouindense, comedia, agua, bien, bueno, radio, antiguo, ciudad, y cuidado.

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A brief explanation of diphthongs for Spanish students by Juan G. Cortez.

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Narcos es un programa de televisión que se basa en Columbia. El actor principal, Wagner Moura, es brasileño. Antes de la serie, él no hablaba español. Para aprender, viajó a Colombia y fue a la escuela de lenguas extranjeras. Ha habido controversia entre los colombianos debido de su acento.

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Wagner Moura Went Back to College to Learn Spanish for Narcos

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Este video da una idea de cómo la canción se produce a partir de las cuerdas vocales. La respiración es el aspecto más importante. Uno debe usar la respiración como la respiración es la base del sonido humano. El director de la canción y luego describe las cuerdas vocales como un 'v' que se cierra y hace vibrar al aire para dar sonido. El aire se hace vibrar esencialmente para dar el sonido que uno desee.

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Intro. Lingüística Hispánica, Capítulo 2: Fonética y Fonología

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Intro. Lingüística Hispánica, Capítulo 2: Fonética y Fonología

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Todo el mundo puede beneficiarse de esta:

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Vimos los videos desgarradoras de Sarah Scott en clase. Vimos la mejora gradual de su carrera de la afasia perjudicial. Este link proporciona más información sobre su historia.

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Broca's Aphasia - The story of Sarah Scott

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Sarah Scott's impressive recovery from Broca's Aphasia Reading an English text aloud in the classroom, then 18 year old Sarah suddenl...

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3. Tourists Try to Guess Hawaiian Pidgin Slang

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3. Tourists Try to Guess Hawaiian Pidgin Slang

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Una mirada divertida a la incapacidad de muchos para entender Pidgin en Hawaii

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Tourists Try to Guess Hawaiian Pidgin Slang

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"If you stop by my house, I'll give you a lick!" Inspired from the "People Try" videos from Buzzfeed!

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En clase, miramos un video del aprendizaje del lenguaje en los 6-12 meses de Patricia Kuhl.

Este video se expande más en la formación temprana del lenguaje.

No tenía idea de que el bebé podía oír desde el interior del útero.

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STAGES OF LANGUAGE ACQUISITION * Learning in the womb: Hearing prosody in the womb (stress patterns of a language. * Soundless communication (begins 0-3 months): using body language, eye contact and other non-verbal forms to communicate. * Cooing (2-6 months): producing vowel-like sounds.

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En clase, hablamos de cómo cada color puede variar ampliamente.

Esto me hizo a pensar en términos de lenguas extranjeras que no tienen equivalente en inglés.

Sobremesa es un término español que me gusta y voy a usar.

PanaPo'o es un término cómica..necesitamos esto término en inglés

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There come times when the English language proves less than equipped for conveying your moods and innermost desires. If you've ever faltered mid-sentence explaining, say, slippery feelings of anguish or even alcoholism, then hit a linguistic brick wall and raised your fists in frustration, you know what I mean. English, it seems, all too easily cowers before the ineffable.

Or does it? The untranslatable words category has long been a Tumblr mainstay and listicle darling, but rarely are these choice examples of verbiage accompanied by visual aids. The latest of the bunch, "11 Untranslatable Words from Other Cultures," features whimsical handmade illustrations that illuminate what English cannot - at least, not in one polysyllabic word.

The drawings, done by Ella Frances Sanders, were produced for Maptia, an online platform for sharing stories about places. The "Untranslatable Words" and their artful treatment synced perfectly with Maptia's message, says co-founder Dorothy Sanders. The meaning of the words themselves, she tells Co.Design, "often shed light on and provoke questions around the subtleties and nuances of a people or a country." She further cites Guy Deutscher's book, Through the Language Glass, as the inspiration behind the project; in it, Deutscher "explores whether language directly reflects the culture of a society," she explains. "[So] we decided it would be interesting to create an illustrated list of words that don't have a direct translation into the English language."

Each of the 11 words featured in Maptia's list offers a vivid snapshot of the cultures they represent. The format was intentionally cursory, Ella Sanders says. "With the illustrations, the small postcard-like space became an important creative constraint; it was necessary for them to be simple in terms of basic representation, yet immediately evocative." The storybook-esque scenes are populated by few objects that in some cases are more suggestive than by the letter. Nonetheless, they perfectly, if all too literally, encapsulate the words' picturesque horizons.

It's easy to identify with terms like komorebi (Japanese for "sunlight that filters through the leave of trees") and pochemuchka (a Russian epithet for the annoying guy who asks a lot of questions), but harder to pin down others, such as waldeinsamkeit, the German composite for the "feeling of being alone in the woods," or just reading Emerson's poetic riff on it. (I don't like the outdoors.) Don't be surprised if mothers everywhere adopted culaccino as a vocabulary fixture.

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A Visual Glossary Of 11 Words With No English Equivalent

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There come times when the English language proves less than equipped for conveying your moods and innermost desires. If you've ever faltered mid-sentence explaining, say, slippery feelings of anguish or even alcoholism, then hit a linguistic brick wall and raised your fists in frustration, you know what I mean.

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Intro. Lingüística Hispánica, Capítulo 1: Ciencia Cognitiva

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Intro. Lingüística Hispánica, Capítulo 1: Ciencia Cognitiva

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SPN 330L