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By:Ayesha shaik

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The earliest found remains of tigers come from China and they are dated at more than 2 million years old. These early fossil remains indicate that the tiger was much smaller then than it is today. However, it is strongly believed that the tiger is related to the Saber Tooth from about 35 million years ago. They evolved into some subspecies about 25 million years ago and thtat is where the tiger fits in.
It is believed that the South China Tiger is one that the various subspecies have all evolved from. This information is based upon scientific research and DNA testing. Sadly, this particular tiger is very limited in numbers and many experts feel it will be extinct in 10 years or less. Hopefully positive efforts and conservation can prevent that from occurring.
Genetic profiling also shows that the Sumatran Tiger is very different from the other species out there. The theory is that they were isolated from other tigers more than 12 million years ago due to a rise in the sea level. As a result their genetic profile as a species is more unique that that of others.
It is believed that the Bengal Tigers moved into the area we now call India about 12 million years ago as well. That indicates that something major was going on regarding the surface area of the Earth. The tigers had to move to new locations in order to continue surviving. They are protected in India but poaching continues as does poisoning them by ranchers that are tired of their livestock being killed.

Citations:http://www.tigers-world.com/tiger-evolution/

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We share an average of at least 1% of our genes with friends!  -Raphael Khawand

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We share an average of at least 1% of our genes with friends!  -Raphael Khawand

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If anyone has ever said you and your best friend are like “two peas in a pod,” they were definitely on to something. It turns out that we have a lot more in common with our friends than just our hobbies and outlook on life: we also share similar genetic code.

"Most of the study of genetics has been one gene, one outcome," Fowler said. "I think this is going to completely change the way we think about genetics. We have to look beyond ourselves."
In a genome-wide analysis, scientists from University of California-San Diego and Yale found that we are far more genetically similar to our friends than we are to strangers of the same population. In fact, researchers say our friends are as “related” — genetically speaking — as fourth cousins. Their findings suggest that, in addition to our physical and biological environment, our social networks also play an important role in human evolution.

Links: http://edition.cnn.com/2014/07/14/health/friends-genetic-link/
http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/accumulating-glitches/friends_are_genetically_similar

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Human hands evolved for punching, scientists say after swinging corpses around on a pendulum

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Human hands evolved for punching, scientists say after swinging corpses around on a pendulum

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Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3283804/Did-human-fists-evolve-fight-Gruesome-experiment-using-dead-mens-arms-backs-theory-violence-shaped-hands.html#ixzz49hdRvd9r
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http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-human-fist-punching-evolution-males--20151021-story.html

As humans evolved and bare-knuckle boxing became a less common way to settle differences over mates and resources, their faces adopted the more delicate structure they have today.
The study also found hands could hit with twofold more force with a buttressed fist than with an open hand slap.

This suggests are hands evolved to both fight and handle tools.

Carrier's theory has been criticised harshly by some, with one well-known blogger calling it 'bro science – dudes pummeling each other driving human evolution.

'If our anatomy is adapted for fighting, we need to be aware we always may be haunted by basic emotions and reflexive behaviours that often don't make sense – and are very dangerous – in the modern world,' said Carrier.

- Omar Hamad

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Parrots are known as colorful, friendly tropical birds with a penchant for tree nuts, fruit and “crackers”. Many are favored as pets, and are stereotyped as the companions of pirates. However, the New Zealand mountain parrot known as a Kea (Nestor notabilis), takes rebellion against the norm to the extreme. Weighing over 2 pounds with a 4-foot wingspan, Kea are carnivorous parrots with a penchant for eating birds, small mammals and occasionally, sheep. Kea have been filmed ripping sheep open at night and feeding on the fat and mutton, often with fatal results. Kea are also capable of removing headlights from parked cars, and shattering windows.

Unlike any other parrot, Kea live in mountain passes, and may be seen in the snow. The harsh environment has made them the most intelligent parrot species and possibly the smartest bird on the planet. Kea soar like hawks when searching for their prey, and vocalize like a hawk, not a parrot. The birds have become endangered due to human interference.
http://www.nzonscreen.com/title/kea-mountain-parrot-1993
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kea

-Israa Elsaid

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In the corner of the eye, near the nose, there is a small pinkish membrane, the remnant of something that once covered the eyeball like a curtain. This third eyelid, called the nictitating membrane, has now shrunk to negligible size in humans, although it still works in fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds and even some mammals. The often-transparent membrane is used to protect the eyes. For example, beavers dive with it drawn, and woodpeckers engage it to protect their eyes from flying wood chips when they are pecking at trees.

Scientists have found that the third eyelid grows rapidly in humans during early embryonic development, but stops while the eyeball continues to grow, leaving the membrane unable to cover it.

Hana Wael

Read more http://someinterestingfacts.net/human-evolution-facts/

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Humans have very little hair compared to other primates. Researchers believe humans have evolved this feature because
1) it made it easier to forage for food in shallow water
2) it helped humans lose heat faster on the hot savannas, and
3) it helped reduce the number of parasites on the body.

-Fatima Sawi

Reference link: http://facts.randomhistory.com/evolution-facts.html (#46)

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The body hair of all mammals automatically stands up whenever you get cold or experience strong emotions, like fear, pleasure or surprise.  A reflex left over from when our ancestors had long body hair. But since we don’t have much body hair, all we see are the goosebumps on our skin. An action your body has automatically without you even thinking about it. When you get cold or experience a strong emotion, your brain sends signals to your muscles that make them tense up. When the muscles in your skin that are attached to hairs do this, they make the hairs stand up and pull your skin up just a bit, creating goose bumps.

-Callyn Wynne

Citations:http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-do-humans-get-goosebu/

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The extinct human lineage nicknamed "the hobbit" (Homo floresiensis) for its miniature body may have vanished soon before or soon after modern humans arrived on the hobbits' island home. "There were lots of different kinds of hominin species, and some of them shared this planet at the same time as us. But all of these other hominins have gone extinct, and we modern humans are the only ones left..." said Mathew Tocheri, a paleoanthropologist at the University of Toronto. The first hobbit fossils were found in 2003 in Liang Bua cave in Flores (Indonesia). Scientists found that the individuals were equipped with grapefruit-size brains and would have stood just 3 feet (1 meter) tall — hence the "hobbit" moniker. Examination of the fossils suggested that Homo floresiensis belonged to a unique branch of the human lineage.
- Janis Faye Retanal
http://www.livescience.com/54235-did-hobbits-live-alongside-modern-humans.html

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The platypus has a genetic affinity with both reptiles and birds 

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The platypus has a genetic affinity with both reptiles and birds 

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The platypus is the earliest mammal offshoot from the reptiles. It lays eggs but produces milk like other mammals. It also has evolved the ability to produce venom independently of its reptile ancestors. "The platypus genome, like the animal itself, is an amazing amalgam of reptile-like and mammal-like features," said project co-leader Jennifer Graves, of the Australian National University in Canberra.

- Omar Hesham

Citation: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/05/080507-platypus.html

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the human face evolved to take a punch !

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the human face evolved to take a punch !

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According to a study from the University of Utah, our distant past was not as peaceful as we once believed. Violence may have played a much bigger part in the evolution of human physiology than we ever suspected.

The researchers believe that human males developed robust faces to minimize injury from fighting  during fights over women, food, and territory. The bones that became the strongest are the same bones that are most likely to be fractured in a hand-to-hand fight. They’re also the bones that show the most difference between male and female skulls. Apparently, male faces needed to evolve greater robustness because the bones that break in fights are larger in men.
- Mohammad yasser

citations: http://listverse.com/2014/07/26/10-surprising-facts-about-humanitys-strange-evolution/

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Hiccups may date back to humans’ watery ancestors. Wiring in the brain that pushes water over fish gills and makes amphibians gulp air has been imperfectly rewired in mammals. It can make the diaphragm go into spasms, which causes hiccups.
http://facts.randomhistory.com/evolution-facts.html
-Lina Al-Azizi

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The human population crashed about 80,000 years ago 

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The human population crashed about 80,000 years ago 

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Something mysterious happened about 80,000 years ago that reduced humanity's effective population size. If you recall, the effective population size is not the same thing as the actual population size – it's a measure of genetic diversity. So basically, our genetic diversity shrank by a lot 80,000 years ago. There are a lot of theories about why this might be, ranging from an apocalyptic disaster caused by the eruption of the Toba volcano to something more mundane like interbreeding among small populations.
Citation:
-http://io9.gizmodo.com/8-incredible-facts-you-may-not-know-about-human-evoluti-1465273693
- Ahmed Solaiman

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Sharks have existed longer than Dinosaurs

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Sharks have existed longer than Dinosaurs

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Many of us tend to think of dinosaurs as dominating the prehistoric world. But dinosaurs didn’t appear until about 230 million years ago. Mammals first appeared around that same time. The first human-like animal, or hominid, dates to about 4.5 million years ago, but modern humans only date back perhaps 60,000 years. And recorded civilization has lasted only about 5,000 years.  That means sharks have existed 100 times longer than hominids and 3 times longer than dinosaurs (or twice as long as dinosaurs if we include birds). - Zeeshan Mustafa
http://www.sharksavers.org/en/education/biology/450-million-years-of-sharks1/

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http://www.sharksavers.org/en/education/biology/450-million-years-of-sharks1/

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Most people had brown eyes until about 10,000 years ago when a single genetic mutation from the Black Sea switched the eyes from brown to blue. Approximately 8% of the world’s population now has blue eyes.

Reference link:
http://facts.randomhistory.com/evolution-facts.html (#53)

-Sarah Abdelrahman :)

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Hiccups may date back to humans’ watery ancestors. Wiring in the brain that pushes water over fish gills and makes amphibians gulp air has been imperfectly rewired in mammals. It can make the diaphragm go into spasms, which causes hiccups.
http://facts.randomhistory.com/evolution-facts.html  (number 42)
-Lina Al-Azizi

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When we started to walking upright, we stopped hanging on the trees, and our hand became short and square. Whenever we are giving a punch, our hand kept evolve, and because of this, our fingers and palms became shorter while the thumbs are stronger and flexible than the others.
-Wonwoo Son
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23018-human-hands-evolved-so-we-could-punch-each-other/
http://spinping.com/wp-content/uploads/scrapecontent/cdn.lolwot.com_wp-content_uploads_2016_05_10-amazing-facts-about-human-evolution-6.jpg
http://www.bogglingfacts.com/lists/science/human-body/10-weird-human-evolution-facts-youll-want-to-tell-everyone/

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Collagen is a protein responsible for giving skin its elasticity and bones their structure. Back in 2007, scientists found a trace of collagen on a t rex's thighbone. It was later analyzed and compared to modern day animals.After analyzing a a shred of 68-million-year-old Tyrannosaurus rex protein (collagen) along with other proteins of theropods, it is confirmed that they share common ancestry with birds like chickens and ostriches, along with alligators. Another solid point is that the bone structure of the chicken and the t rex are highly similar, along with many other extinct birds. In a more general statement, it's a fact that all birds are descendants of theropods (carnivorous dinosaur family).
-John Magallanes
links:
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-448283/Proof-fearsome-T-Rex-evolved-chicken.html
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/dinosaurs/11122181/Graphic-How-Tyrannosaurus-rex-evolved-into-modern-bird.html